Pseudorabies virus infection triggers pUL46-mediated phosphorylation of connexin-43 and closure of gap junctions to promote intercellular virus spread.

Gap junctions (GJs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication between eukaryotic cells, including transfer of biomolecules that contribute to the innate and adaptive immune response. However, if and how viruses affect gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) remains largely unexplored. Here, we describe how the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) triggers ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of the main gap junction component connexin 43 (Cx43) and closure of GJIC, which depends on the viral protein pUL46.

Drug carrier-assisted combined chemo- and radionuclide therapy for tumors of diverse origins: effects of therapeutic schemes on tumor responses.

Despite the promising results in cancer treatment, standard monotherapy remains insufficient for a wide range of oncological diseases. Combined therapy can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes compared to single-agent treatments. However, identifying the optimal treatment regimen for combined therapy can be a challenging task.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and photosynthetic response to high and low temperature extremes.

In some peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) producing regions, growth and photosynthesis-limiting low and high temperature extremes are common. Heat acclimation potential of photosynthesis and respiration is a coping mechanism that is species-dependent and should be further explored for peanut.

RNA Stability: A Review of the Role of Structural Features and Environmental Conditions.

The stability of RNA is a critical factor in determining its functionality and degradation in the cell. In recent years, it has been shown that the stability of RNA depends on a complex interaction of external and internal factors. External conditions, such as temperature fluctuations, the level of acidity of the environment, the presence of various substances and ions, as well as the effects of oxidative stress, can change the structure of RNA and affect its stability.

Storage stability study of metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole in chicken eggs by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Metronidazole (MNZ) is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in the food industry. High levels in food can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance in humans, so it is important to monitor its levels in food. In the context of legal proceedings, it is frequently necessary to re-examine samples after an extended period of time.

Mechanism of Intracellular Elemental Sulfur Oxidation in , Where Persulfide Dioxygenase Plays a Key Role.

Representatives of the colorless sulfur bacteria of the genus use reduced sulfur compounds in the processes of lithotrophic growth, which is accompanied by the storage of intracellular sulfur. However, it is still unknown how the transformation of intracellular sulfur occurs in representatives. Annotation of the genome of D-402 did not identify any genes for the oxidation or reduction of elemental sulfur.

Interaction between reacetylated chitosan and albumin in alcalescent media.

Interaction of chitosan and its derivatives with proteins of animal blood at blood pH relevant conditions is of a particular interest for construction of antimicrobial chitosan/protein-based drug delivery systems. In this work, the interaction of a series of N-reacetylated oligochitosans (RA-CHI) having M of 10-12 kDa and differing in the degree of acetylation (DA 19, 24, and 40 %) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in alkalescent media is described in first. It is shown that RA-CHI forms soluble complexes with BSA in solutions with pH 7.

An investigation of nano- and micron-sized carriers based on calcium carbonate and polylactic acid for oral administration of siRNA.

Background: Oral delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) draws significant attention, but the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has many biological barriers that limit the drugs' bioavailability. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of micro- and nano-sized CaCO and PLA carriers for oral delivery of siRNA and reveal a relationship between the physicochemical features of these carriers and their biodistribution.

Research Design And Methods: stability of carriers was investigated in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.

Effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: The prospective interventional randomized investigation included 68 patients with MAFLD in combination with type 2 diabetes, who were examined and divided into the 2 groups of treatment.

Results: Results: The serum levels of interleukin (IL) - 6, IL-10 and zonulin, indicators of liver functional activity, liver attenuation coefficient between treatment group vs.

Encapsulation of a small-molecule drug based on substituted 2-aminothiophenes in calcium carbonate carriers for therapy of melanoma.

Although small molecule drugs are widely used in chemotherapy, their low bioavailability, low-concentrated dose in the tumor zone, systemic toxicity, and chemoresistance can significantly limit the therapeutic outcome. These drawbacks can be overcome by two main strategies: (i) development of novel therapeutic molecules with more significant antitumor activity than currently available drugs and (ii) loading chemotherapeutic agents into drug delivery systems. In this study, we aimed to encapsulate a highly prospective small molecule drug based on substituted 2-aminothiophene (2-AT) into calcium carbonate (CaCO) microparticles (MPs) for the treatment of melanoma tumors.

Comparison of passive targeted delivery of inorganic and organic nanocarriers among different types of tumors.

In this study, we have considered four types of nanoparticles (NPs): polylactic acid (PLA), gold (Au), calcium carbonate (CaCO), and silica (SiO) with similar sizes (TEM: 50-110 nm and DLS: 110-140 nm) to examine their passive accumulation in three different tumors: colon (CT26), melanoma (B16-F10), and breast (4T1) cancers. Our results demonstrate that each tumor model showed a different accumulation of NPs, in the following order: CT26 > B16-F10 > 4T1. The Au and PLA NPs were evidently characterized by a higher delivery efficiency in case of CT26 tumors compared to CaCO and SiO NPs.

Multifunctional Inorganic-Organic Composite Carriers for Synergistic Dual Therapy of Melanoma.

Many methods for cancer treatment have been developed. Among them photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn the most significant attention due to its noninvasiveness, remote control activation, and low side effects. However, a limited depth of light penetration of PTT is the main drawback.

Intermodal phase and group velocity matching for frequency tripling and doubly phase matched cascaded wave mixing in high index contrast double-clad optical fibers.

Frequency conversion in glass optical fibers requires both phase and group velocity matching between the pump and the higher harmonic when working with short pulses. We show that phase and group velocities can be matched simultaneously for third order nonlinear processes, by considering that the third harmonic propagates in the higher order azimuthally symmetric LP-mode. Moreover, the pump and frequency tripled signals can form an intermodal two-color pump to trigger a cascaded wave mixing process, which generates the second harmonic LP-mode.

Preclinical Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of a New Russian Radiopharmaceutical Lu-DOTA-PSMA.

The therapeutic efficacy of a Russian radiopharmaceutical Lu-DOTA-PSMA was studied in vivo using male BALB/c nu/nu (nude) mice with prostate carcinoma 22Rv1 xenografts by tumor growth inhibition criterion. The mean tumor volumes in mice treated with Lu-DOTA-PSMA were significantly lower than in animals of the control group. There were no significant differences in the values of tumor growth inhibition between the groups of animals receiving 3.

Unmet needs in epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep: A systematic review.

Introduction: Developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (D/EE-SWAS), also referred to as electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) or epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep (CSWS or EE-CSWS), is a spectrum of rare childhood epileptic encephalopathies that can lead to long-term cognitive impairment. Despite the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for D/EE-SWAS, there is a paucity of well-controlled clinical trial data to inform treatment, and no approved treatments are available. To assess correlations between diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in D/EE-SWAS, we carried out a systematic review of the literature.

A Novel Two-Domain Laccase with Middle Redox Potential: Physicochemical and Structural Properties.

The gene for a previously unexplored two-domain laccase was identified in the genome of actinobacterium Streptomyces carpinensis VKM Ac-1300. The two-domain laccase, named ScaSL, was produced in a heterologous expression system (Escherichia coli strain M15 [pREP4]). The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography.

Nanoparticles based on MIL-101 metal-organic frameworks as efficient carriers of therapeuticRe radionuclide for nuclear medicine.

Nuclear medicine presents one of the most promising modalities for efficient non-invasive treatment of a variety of cancers, but the application of radionuclides in cancer therapy and diagnostics is severely limited by their nonspecific tissue accumulation and poor biocompatibility. Here, we explore the use of nanosized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as carriers of radionuclides to order to improve their delivery to tumour. To demonstrate the concept, we prepared polymer-coated MIL-101(Cr)-NHMOFs and conjugated them with clinically utilized radionuclideRe.

Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm.

We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, a_{μ}≡(g_{μ}-2)/2, from the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, ω_{a}.

[The social role of intergenerational sports: the formation of norms, citizenship and the value of a healthy lifestyle].

The article discusses issues reflecting the importance of intergenerational sports as an institution influencing the formation of social values, civic identity, health-saving attitudes, etc. The paper defines the main and specific functions of sport as a social institution. Based on the author's sociological research, the results are presented reflecting the attitude of participants of intergenerational sports groups to certain types of social impact that sports activities and events held in mixed age groups have.

Early growth, development and allometry of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible Amaranthus palmeri in response to current and elevated temperature and CO.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of CO and temperature on glyphosate-resistant and susceptible biotypes of Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) in terms of morphological development. Height (cm), stem diameter (cm), leaf area (cm), number of leaves, leaf, stem, and root dry matter, plant volume (m), as well as shoot-to-root allometry were evaluated. The Palmer amaranth biotypes were grown under four different scenarios: 1-low temperature (23/33 °C) and CO (410 ± 25 ppm); 2-low temperature (23/33 °C) and high CO (750 ± 25 ppm); 3-high temperature (26/36 °C) and low CO (410 ± 25 ppm); and 4-high temperature (26/36 °C) and CO (750 ± 25 ppm).

Several Alphaherpesviruses Interact Similarly with the NF-κB Pathway and Suppress NF-κB-Dependent Gene Expression.

Alphaherpesvirus infection is associated with attenuation of different aspects of the host innate immune response that is elicited to confine primary infections at the mucosal epithelia. Here, we report that infection of epithelial cells with several alphaherpesviruses of different species, including herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), feline alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), and bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) results in the inactivation of the responses driven by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, considered a pillar of the innate immune response. The mode to interact with and circumvent NF-κB-driven responses in infected epithelial cells is seemingly conserved in human, feline, and porcine alphaherpesviruses, consisting of a persistent activation of the NF-κB cascade but a potent repression of NF-κB-dependent transcription activity, which relies on replication of viral genomes.

On-Slide Lambda Protein Phosphatase-Mediated Dephosphorylation of Fixed Samples.

Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that regulates a plethora of intracellular processes, making its analysis crucial for understanding intracellular dynamics. The commonly used methods, such as radioactive labeling and gel electrophoresis, do not provide information about subcellular localization. Immunofluorescence using phospho-specific antibodies and subsequent analysis via microscopy allows researchers to assess subcellular localization, but it typically lacks validation whether the observed fluorescent signal is phosphorylation specific.

Diverse nature of the seasonally coastal eutrophication dominated by oceanic nutrients: An eco-system based analysis characterized by salmon migration and aquaculture.

Previously, studies of coastal eutrophication have usually focused on the nutrients input from adjacent land sectors, such as rivers, submarine-ground discharges, and atmospheric depositions. Here we report two examples of well-managed seasonal eutrophication phenomena in coastal marine environments, where nutrients come predominantly from offshore: one by humans and the other by nature (higher trophic animals). In the Sanggou Bay of North China, the total amount of incoming nutrients from the open Yellow Sea is taken up by seaweeds.