Incidence and risk factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis in Korean patients with cancer.

Background/aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in treating cancer. However, various immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have become prevalent, with ICI-induced colitis being the most common gastrointestinal irAE. Thus, we aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of ICI-induced colitis in Korean patients with cancer.

Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery.

: This study aimed to determine the minimal effective dose of indocyanine green (ICG) required for accurately assessing colonic perfusion during laparoscopic colorectal surgery using a laser-assisted laparoscopic near-infrared (NIR) camera system. : In 15 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing right hemicolectomy, the left branch of the middle colic artery was preserved, and ICG angiography was performed in the transverse colon. To determine the optimal ICG dose, experimental doses of 0.

Transcranial motor-evoked potentials disappear with pons transection.

Motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring by transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is important for intraoperative motor function assessment in neurosurgery; however, false-negative results sometimes occur, and these findings should be interpreted with caution. Herein, we report an interesting MEP change resulting from a pons transection. The patient was a boy aged 5 years and 2 months.

Dream360: Diverse and Immersive Outdoor Virtual Scene Creation via Transformer-Based 360° Image Outpainting.

360° images, with a field-of-view (FoV) of $180^{\circ}\times 360^{\circ}$, provide immersive and realistic environments for emerging virtual reality (VR) applications, such as virtual tourism, where users desire to create diverse panoramic scenes from a narrow FoV photo they take from a viewpoint via portable devices. It thus brings us to a technical challenge: 'How to allow the users to freely create diverse and immersive virtual scenes from a narrow FoV image with a specified viewport?' To this end, we propose a transformer-based 360° image outpainting framework called Dream360, which can generate diverse, high-fidelity, and high-resolution panoramas from user-selected viewports, considering the spherical properties of 360° images. Compared with existing methods, e.

Unsupervised Contour Tracking of Live Cells by Mechanical and Cycle Consistency Losses.

Analyzing the dynamic changes of cellular morphology is important for understanding the various functions and characteristics of live cells, including stem cells and metastatic cancer cells. To this end, we need to track all points on the highly deformable cellular contour in every frame of live cell video. Local shapes and textures on the contour are not evident, and their motions are complex, often with expansion and contraction of local contour features.

Surgical treatment of interhemispheric arachnoid cysts.

Objective: In children, interhemispheric arachnoid cysts (IHACs) are rare lesions often associated with corpus callosum dysgenesis. It is still controversial about surgical treatments for IHACs. We aim to report our experience with pediatric IHAC patients and evaluate surgical courses and neurological developments.

Coronal and sagittal alignment of ankle joint is significantly affected by high tibial osteotomy.

Purpose: Changes in coronal and sagittal alignment of the knee joint after HTO have been reported in several previous studies. However, only few of them investigated the changes only on coronal alignment of the ankle joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in both coronal and sagittal alignment of the ankle joint after HTO.

Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Microelectromechanical System Coaxial Socket Device for Semiconductor Package Testing.

With the continuous reduction in size and increase in density of semiconductor devices, there is a growing demand for contact solutions that enable high-speed testing in automotive, 5G, and artificial intelligence-based devices. Although existing solutions, such as spring pins and rubber sockets, have been effective in various applications, there is still a need for new solutions that accommodate fine-pitch, high-speed, and high-density requirements. This study proposes a novel three-dimensional microelectromechanical system spring structure coaxial socket for semiconductor chip package testing.

Effects of intraoperative motor evoked potential amplification following tetanic stimulation of the pudendal nerve in pediatric craniotomy.

Objective: Monitoring the intraoperative motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in pediatric craniotomy is challenging because of its low detection rate, which makes it unreliable. Tetanic stimulation of the peripheral nerves of the extremities and pudendal nerves prior to transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) or direct cortical stimulation (DCS) amplifies the MEPs. The authors investigated the effects of MEP amplification following tetanic stimulation of the median and tibial nerve or the pudendal nerve in pediatric patients undergoing craniotomy.

Expression and distribution of generated neurons and endogenous precursors in rat cerebral cortical venous ischemia.

Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ), subgranular zone (SGZ), and cerebral cortex is now a familiar event to confirm by cerebral arterial ischemia in rat models. However, it remains unclear whether cerebral venous ischemia (CVI) alone causes neurogenesis, and where that neurogenesis occurs. After creating CVI rat models via a two-vein occlusion (2-VO) method, neurogenesis was immunohistochemically evaluated by double-labeling 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells with neuronal nuclei (NeuN) or doublecortin (DCX) antibody.

Mesenchymal stem cell spheroids alleviate neuropathic pain by modulating chronic inflammatory response genes.

Chronic neuropathic pain is caused by dysfunction of the peripheral nerves associated with the somatosensory system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted attention as promising cell therapeutics for chronic pain; however, their clinical application has been hampered by the poor survival and low therapeutic efficacy of transplanted cells. Increasing evidence suggests enhanced therapeutic efficacy of spheroids formed by three-dimensional culture of MSCs.

Comparative Analysis of Domestic and International Test Guidelines for Various Concrete Repair Materials.

The number of aged bridges among concrete structures is increasing. Therefore, to increase their lifespans, repair and reinforcement schemes ought to be implemented. This study selected various repair materials according to crack-surface treatment, crack-filling, and crack-injection methods.

Improvement of Anchorage Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Cables.

Prestressed concrete composed of steel materials is increasingly used in various social infrastructures, such as bridges (cables), nuclear containment structures, liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks, and structural reinforcements. This study aimed to substitute the steel in bridge cables with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to prevent the damage caused by the performance degradation of corroded prestressed steel. An optimized single-anchorage system was derived by applying multiple variables, such as the surface treatment, number of insert layers, and sleeve processing companies, to improve the maximum load and bonding with the anchorage system sleeve using the carbon FRP (CFRP) cable.

Experimental Study on Effects of Additional Prestressing Using Fiber Reinforced Polymers and Strands on Deterioration of PSC Bridge Structure.

Concrete bridge structures require reinforcement, as their performance deteriorates over time. In this regard, this study evaluated the effect of additional prestressing using fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) and strands applied to a demolished, deteriorated bridge. In particular, specimens were prepared for a bridge subjected to non-, near-surface mounted (NSM), and external prestressing (EP) strengthening to evaluate the stiffness and safety of the structure.

Sagittal Parameters of Spine and Pelvis in Young Adults Using the EOS Imaging System: Prospective Study of 92 Asymptomatic Subjects.

Study Design: This study adopted a prospective study design to evaluate the sagittal parameters of the spine and pelvis in young adults using the EOS imaging system.

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze spinopelvic sagittal alignment measurement values obtained using the EOS imaging system in asymptomatic young adults.

Overview Of Literature: Sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis is important in diagnosing and treating spinal diseases.

Unsupervised random forest for affinity estimation.

This paper presents an unsupervised clustering random-forest-based metric for affinity estimation in large and high-dimensional data. The criterion used for node splitting during forest construction can handle rank-deficiency when measuring cluster compactness. The binary forest-based metric is extended to continuous metrics by exploiting both the common traversal path and the smallest shared parent node.

Evaluation of the Performance and Ductility Index of Concrete Structures Using Advanced Composite Material Strengthening Methods.

The performance of concrete structures deteriorates over time. Thus, improving their performance using fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), PS strands, and various strengthening methods is important. Reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PSC) structures develop initial cracks in concrete during bending tests, and destruction occurs over a certain period of time after a certain load is generated, and then after the reinforcements and strands yield.