In vivo GABA detection by single-pulse editing with one shot.

Purpose: Two-shot γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) difference editing techniques have been used widely to detect the GABA H4 resonance at 3.01 ppm. Here, we introduce a single-shot method for detecting the full GABA H2 resonance signal, which avoids contamination from the coedited M macromolecules.

Identifying effective obesity prevention intervention components: An umbrella review mapping systematic review evidence.

This overview of reviews synthesizes the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions in children and adults on BMI/zBMI, following JBI and Cochrane Handbook guidelines. The protocol was prospectively registered in OSF in September 2020. Searches for eligible reviews were run in five databases and gray literature in May 2022.

The Chemical Space Spanned by Manually Curated Datasets of Natural and Synthetic Compounds with Activities against SARS-CoV-2.

Diseases caused by viruses are challenging to contain, as their outbreak and spread could be very sudden, compounded by rapid mutations, making the development of drugs and vaccines a continued endeavour that requires fast discovery and preparedness. Targeting viral infections with small molecules remains one of the treatment options to reduce transmission and the disease burden. A lesson learned from the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is to collect ready-to-screen small molecule libraries in preparation for the next viral outbreak, and potentially find a clinical candidate before it becomes a pandemic.

Green Synthesis of Urea from Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia Catalyzed by Ultraporous Permanently Polarized Hydroxyapatite.

The sustainable synthesis of urea from ammonia (NH) and carbon dioxide (CO) using ultraporous permanently polarized hydroxyapatite (upp-HAp) as catalyst has been explored as an advantageous CO-revalorization strategy. As the simultaneous activation of N and CO (single-step) demands an increase of the reaction conditions, we have re-visited the industrial two-step Bazarov reaction. upp-HAp has been designed as a stable multifunctional catalyst capable of promoting both CO and NH adsorption for their subsequent C-N bond formation.

Management of portal vein thrombosis in candidates for liver transplant.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent event among patients with advanced liver disease, with a prevalence reaching up to 26% in those awaiting liver transplantation (LT). Extensive thrombosis affecting the mesenteric vein confluence correlates with increased morbidity and mortality post-LT, particularly when it impedes physiological anastomosis or contraindicates the LT. Current guidelines advocate for routine PVT screening in all potential liver transplant candidates and prompt treatment upon detection.

Barriers and facilitators to dissemination of non-communicable diseases research: a mixed studies systematic review.

Background: There is a large number of research studies about the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCD), with findings taking several years to be translated into practice. One reason for this lack of translation is a limited understanding of how to best disseminate NCD research findings to user-groups in a way that is salient and useful. An understanding of barriers and facilitators to dissemination is key to informing the development of strategies to increase dissemination.

Open Source Code Contributions to Global Health: The Case of Antimalarial Drug Discovery.

The discovery of treatments for infectious diseases that affect the poorest countries has been stagnant for decades. As long as expected returns on investment remain low, pharmaceutical companies' lack of interest in this disease area must be compensated for with collaborative efforts from the public sector. New approaches to drug discovery, inspired by the "open source" philosophy prevalent in software development, offer a platform for experts from diverse backgrounds to contribute their skills, enhancing reproducibility, progress tracking, and public discussion.

Factorial randomised controlled trial to examine the potential effect of a text message-based intervention on reducing adolescent susceptibility to e-cigarette use: a study protocol.

Introduction: Adolescent e-cigarette use, globally and within Australia, has increased in recent years. In response, public health agencies have called for the development of education and communication programmes targeting adolescents. Despite such recommendations, few rigorous evaluations of such interventions currently exist.

Interventions in the workplace to reduce risk factors for noncommunicable diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews of effectiveness.

Background: Workplaces are an important setting to deliver programs to reduce risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). To help decision makers understand the most current and relevant evidence regarding effectiveness of workplace programs, we conducted an umbrella review to present a comprehensive synthesis of the large volume of literature.

Methods: Systematic reviews of workplace interventions targeting primary risk factors for NCDs-unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, and/or excessive alcohol use-published since 2010 were sourced.

A tool for Dravet syndrome-associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities evaluation (DANCE).

Background: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare and severe form of epilepsy that begins in infancy, which is primarily caused by pathogenic variants in the SCN1A gene. DS is characterized by prolonged and frequent drug-resistant seizures, as well as developmental delays and behavioral problems. The identification of these comorbidities is based on clinical interview and relies on healthcare professionals (HCPs) experience.

Performance of spleen stiffness measurement to rule out high-risk varices in patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder.

Background And Aims: Baveno VII consensus suggests that screening endoscopy can be spared in patients with compensated cirrhosis when spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is ≤40 kPa as they have a low probability of high-risk varices (HRV). Conversely, screening endoscopy is required in all patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of SSM-VCTE to rule out HRV in patients with PSVD and signs of portal hypertension.

Genome composition and GC content influence loci distribution in reduced representation genomic studies.

Background: Genomic architecture is a key evolutionary trait for living organisms. Due to multiple complex adaptive and neutral forces which impose evolutionary pressures on genomes, there is a huge variability of genomic features. However, their variability and the extent to which genomic content determines the distribution of recovered loci in reduced representation sequencing studies is largely unexplored.

Building prevention research science communication and knowledge translation capacity through multidisciplinary collaboration.

Objective: To document the outcomes of a dedicated Science Communication Community of Practice (CoP) for increasing prevention-focused knowledge translation (KT) and evidence uptake. Type of program: Shared priorities and a united vision to communicate the value of prevention research led to the formation of a dedicated Science Communication CoP within an Australian public health prevention-focused research collaboration. Members of the CoP included science communication experts and early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) with KT-focused roles.

Microbiome changes through the ontogeny of the marine sponge Crambe crambe.

Background: Poriferans (sponges) are highly adaptable organisms that can thrive in diverse marine and freshwater environments due, in part, to their close associations with internal microbial communities. This sponge microbiome can be acquired from the surrounding environment (horizontal acquisition) or obtained from the parents during the reproductive process through a variety of mechanisms (vertical transfer), typically resulting in the presence of symbiotic microbes throughout all stages of sponge development. How and to what extent the different components of the microbiome are transferred to the developmental stages remain poorly understood.

Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder in chronic HBV: A significant coexistence not to be overlooked.

Background & Aims: Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) encompasses a group of liver diseases with vascular abnormalities that can cause portal hypertension in the absence of cirrhosis. The new diagnostic criteria allow for coexistence with other liver diseases, however its relationship with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess HBV prevalence in a PSVD cohort and evaluate its clinical impact.