Pregnant women and healthcare workers' perceptions on tuberculosis and screening: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia.

Background: There is a scarcity of studies regarding the obstacles in tuberculosis (TB) screening in pregnant women. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of TB as a disease and TB screening among pregnant women and healthcare workers, describe pregnant women's perceptions on specific TB screening methods and explore associations between the perceptions of TB with the intention to have TB screening by pregnant women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at six primary healthcare centres in Yogyakarta Municipality, Indonesia among 240 pregnant women and 126 healthcare workers interviewed with a structured questionnaire about their perceptions.

Overview of the prevalence of loneliness and associated risk factors among older adults across six continents: A meta-analysis.

Background: Globally, loneliness is a growing public health concern associated with poor mental and physical health among older adults. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore the prevalence of loneliness and associated risk factors among older adults across six continents.

Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and references lists were comprehensively searched until April 2024.

Adapting a Patient-Centered Tuberculosis Digital Adherence Technology Intervention for New Patient Populations.

Tuberculosis (TB) intervention adaptation strategies can be optimized to inform digital health intervention refinement. With experience we improved our strategies during the refinement of tools to support individuals with active TB.

Understanding stunting risk factors in Kampar Regency: Insights from mothers with stunted children (qualitative study).

Objective: To assess the perceptions of mothers with stunted children regarding the factors contributing to stunting in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia.

Introduction: Stunting is intricately linked to underlying risk factors, and understanding these factors is crucial for preventing its recurrence, particularly for mothers who play a central role in caring for stunted children.

Methods: The research sample consisted of mothers referred by the Perhentian Raja Community Health Center with stunted children.

Efficacy of pretomanid-containing regiments for drug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Concerns regarding the rise of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) infections and the need for new drugs with shorter treatment time and fewer side effects have been voiced by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO revised its guideline to treat multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with a 6-month course of BPaLM (bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid and moxifloxacin) in 2022. However, a thorough study and meta-analysis of available evidence is required due to the limited confidence of the evidence confirming the effectiveness of pretomanid-containing regiments.

Correlation between interleukin-6 expression in post-mortem core liver biopsy and degree of liver injury in patients with fatal COVID-19.

Excessive release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) during the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces cytokine storms, resulting in multi-organ damages including liver injury, similar in nature with mechanism of viral hepatitis. Systemic IL-6 has been associated with the incidence of liver injury among COVID-19 patients; however, studies on IL-6 expression in the liver tissue are completely lacking. The aim of this study was to measure the IL-6 expression in the liver tissues and to determine its correlation with the degree of liver injury in fatal COVID-19 patients.

Enzymatic synthesis of phenolic acid glucosyl esters to test activities on cholangiocarcinoma cells.

While glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) enzymes mostly catalyze hydrolysis reactions, rice Os9BGlu31 preferentially catalyzes transglycosylation to transfer a glucosyl moiety to another aglycone moiety to form a new glycosylated compound through a retaining mechanism. In this study, Os9BGlu31 was used to synthesize eight phenolic acid glucosyl esters, which were evaluated for activities in cholangiocarcinoma cells. The transglycosylation products of Os9BGlu31 wild type and its mutant variants were detected, produced on a milligram scale, and purified, and their structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy.

Preliminary Study: The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Intervention Targeting Short-Statured Pregnant Women to Prevent Gestational Stunting.

A short mother with a height < 150 cm is likely to give birth to a short baby with a body length < 48 cm so that later this short baby will become stunted. The success rate of stunting malnutrition prevention and control with specific methods is 30% and the success rate with sensitive methods is 70%. The size at risk for short pregnant women is equal to 30.

Sequence of COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection and Their Association With the Development of Active Tuberculosis: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction Information regarding the cross-risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) is still sparse. This study aimed to identify the patterns of sequence of COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 infection and to explore the association between COVID-19 vaccination, COVID-19 infection, and the development of active TB. Methods It was a case-control study conducted in RSUD Dr.

Cross-Risk Between Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in East Java Province, Indonesia: An Analysis of Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Surveillance Registry Period 2020-2022.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 are highly transmissible diseases and pose a serious risk to public health. Unfortunately, information on cross-risk between the two diseases was still sparse. Our main objective was to estimate the excess risk among TB patients in getting COVID-19 infection and vice versa.

Semi-synthesis of phenolic-amides and their cytotoxicity against THP-1, HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines.

In the present study, we derivatized several hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids to phenolic amides (PAMs) one step BOP mediated amide coupling reactions. Fifteen PAMs were synthesized in >40% yields and were screened for their cytotoxic activities against four cancer cell lines: THP-1 (leukaemia), HeLa (cervical), HepG2 (liver), and MCF-7 (breast), in comparison to 5-flurouracil (5-FU). Four amides showed IC ranging from 5 to 55 µM against all four cell lines.

Adversarial training and deep k-nearest neighbors improves adversarial defense of glaucoma severity detection.

Glaucoma is an eye disease that can cause irreversible blindness to people if not treated properly. Although deep learning models have shown that they can provide good results in identifying diseases from medical imagery, they suffer from the vulnerability of adversarial attacks, making them perform poorly. Several techniques can be applied to improve defense against such attacks.

Augmented-syllabification of -gram tagger for Indonesian words and named-entities.

As one of the statistical-based models, an -gram syllabification commonly gives a high syllable error rate (SER) for Bahasa Indonesia, one of the low-resource languages, since it fails for a high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rate. Two previous models: bigram-syllabification with flipping onsets (BFO) and a combination of bigram with backoff smoothing based on phonological similarity (CBSPS), which use augmentation methods, can reduce the OOV rate. However, there are two problems in both BFO and CBSPS.

Animated video development COVID-19 prevention and management for anxiety among older adults in Indonesia.

Background: Rapid increase in information on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to an infodemic that exposes older adults to a greater risk of anxiety.

Aims: To develop an animated educational video for COVID-19 prevention and management and evaluate its feasibility and preliminary effectiveness in improving knowledge and anxiety levels among older adults.

Methods: A pilot test of feasibility and preliminary effectiveness was conducted in three phases: expert agreement, content validation, and video creation.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression of lung tissue in COVID-19 patient severity through core biopsy post mortem.

Introduction: In COVID-19 patients, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) will increase, and the production of antigens will be excessive, which will cause excessive inflammation of the tissues, especially the respiratory tract, which causes fibrosis in the lungs and can lead to death.

Objective: To analyze IL-6 expression of lung tissue in COVID-19 patient severity.

Methods: The study is an observational analytic design from July to December 2020.

Simple defocus laser irradiation to suppress self-absorption in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

This study introduces a novel and simple way to suppress the self-absorption effect in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) by utilizing a defocusing laser irradiation technique. For this purpose, a Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1,064 nm and repetition rate of 10 Hz with energy in the range of 10 mJ-50 mJ was used. The laser irradiation was focused by using a 150-mm-focal-length plano-convex lens onto the sample surface under defocusing of approximately -6 mm.

Analysis of Supporting Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in the Urban Setting during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Breastfeeding mothers have had limited access to breastfeeding support throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate breastfeeding practices during the COVID-19 period and to determine the factors associated with supporting exclusive breastfeeding. A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was adopted, including a quantitative method in the first phase and qualitative method in the second phase.

The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia.

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St.

Comparison of Joint Space Width Determinations in Grade I and II Knee Osteoarthritis Patients Using Manual and Automatic Measurements.

Background: Examination of the knee to assess the narrowing of the joint gap or joint space width (JSW) is commonly done by manually checking radiographs and measuring the JSW using a ruler.

Objective: This study aims to compare manual and automatic measurements with the diagnosis of grade I and grade II knee osteoarthritis.

Material And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with the criteria for primary osteoarthritis (OA), aged 46 to 65 years old had knee OA grades of either I or II.

Augmented words to improve a deep learning-based Indonesian syllabification.

Recent deep learning-based syllabification models generally give low error rates for high-resource languages with big datasets but sometimes produce high error rates for the low-resource ones. In this paper, two procedures: massive data augmentation and validation, are proposed to improve a deep learning-based syllabification, using a combination of bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and conditional random fields (CRF) for a low-resource Indonesian language. The massive data augmentation comprises four methods: transposing nuclei, swapping consonant-graphemes, flipping onsets, and creating acronyms.

Segmentation technique and dynamic ensemble selection to enhance glaucoma severity detection.

The severity of glaucoma can be observed by categorising glaucoma diseases into several classes based on a classification process. The two most suitable parameters, cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and peripapillary atrophy (PPA), which are commonly used to identify glaucoma are utilized in this study to strengthen the classification. First, an active contour snake (ACS) is employed to retrieve both optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) values, which are required to calculate the CDR.

The role of continuous renal replacement therapy (Crrt) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients.

Even without the presence of the novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute kidney injury has been a serious problem in medicine for decades, with mortality rate up to 70% among those who eventually required renal replacement therapy, and the number has not changed significantly for the last 30 years despite major advances in technology and experience. On the other hand, even without acute kidney injury, COVID-19 was a major cause of death globally in the year 2020, but the occurrence of acute kidney injury among COVID-19 patients is an independent risk factor of increased mortality. Continuous renal replacement therapy has been recommended to treat acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients instead of conventional intermittent hemodialysis.

Unusual parallel laser irradiation for suppressing self-absorption in single pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

This study demonstrates a new approach for suppressing the self-absorption effect in single-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) using unusual parallel laser irradiation. A nanosecond Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm was fired parallel to and focused at a very close distance of 1 mm to the sample surface. The experiment was carried out in air at atmospheric pressure.