Alterations in the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota of domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) with pasture alteration-induced diarrhea.

Diarrhea is a common issue in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) that can occur with pasture alterations and significantly impacts growth performance. Previous research has examined the microbiota of diarrhetic yaks; however, the structural changes in gut bacterial community and microbial interactions in yaks with grassland alteration-induced diarrhea remain poorly understood. To explore variations in gut microbiota homeostasis among yaks suffering from diarrhea, fecal microbiota diversity and composition were analyzed using 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

[Preparation and Release Properties of Recombinant Protein PLGA Microspheres and PLGA-Chitosan Microspheres].

Objective: To preparethe poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA-chitosan microspheres containing recombinant protein, namely the BIB protein, and to explore their optimal preparation parameters and release performance in gastric and intestinal fluids.

Methods: Double emulsions (water-in-oil-in-water, or W1/O/W2) solvent evaporation method was used to prepare the BIB-PLGA microspheres and the BIB-PLGA-chitosan microspheres. Univariate analysis was done to study the impact of the water-to-oil ratio (W1/O), PLGA mass fraction and PVA concentration on the morphology, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and drug loading (DL) so as to identify the optimal parameters.