The causal relationship between telomere length and cancer risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Background: Telomere length shortens with age and is associated with an increased risk of numerous chronic diseases. However, the causal direction between telomere length and cancer risk remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the causal impact of telomere length on cancer risk using Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis.

Preventable cancer cases and deaths attributable to tobacco smoking in Korea from 2015 to 2030.

Objectives: Tobacco smoking is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess its impact on cancer incidence and mortality by estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) in the Korean population for 2015 and 2020 and by projecting future trends until 2030.

Methods: The Korean relative risk (RR) was calculated via a meta-analysis of RRs for individual cancers attributed to tobacco smoking, based on primary data analysis from the Korean Cohort Consortium.

Preventable cancer cases and deaths attributable to alcohol consumption in Korea from 2015 to 2030.

Objectives: Alcohol consumption is causally linked to several cancers, and major health organizations classify it as a carcinogen. This study assessed the impact of alcohol consumption on cancer incidence and mortality in Korea in 2015 and 2020, projected trends up to 2030, and compared results based on different criteria.

Methods: The relative risk of cancer associated with alcohol consumption in Korea was determined through a meta-analysis of alcohol-related relative risks for specific cancers, using primary data from the Korean Cohort Study within the Korean Cohort Consortium.

Preventable cancer cases and deaths attributable to deficit of physical activity in Korea from 2015 to 2030.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of cancers using various calculation methods and to estimate the PAFs of cancer incidence and mortality resulting from deficit in physical activity (DPA) from 2015 to 2030, based on data on prevalence rates.

Methods: The PAF of cancer was estimated using a cohort study-based meta-analysis of relative risk (RR), national prevalence rates of DPA from 2000 to 2015, and national cancer statistics from 2015 to 2030, with a latency of 15 years.

Results: In 2015, DPA contributed to 909 cancer cases and 548 deaths, accounting for 0.

The 14-year cumulative genetic high blood pressure and risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean: observational and Mendelian randomization evidence.

This study aims to evaluate the causal association of blood pressure (BP) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assess the cumulative effect of genetic predisposition of high BP or glycemic for future clinical in Korea. To assess the bidirectional causal association between fasting blood sugar (FBS) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the large biobank, five MR methods (a 2-stage least squares (2SLS) regression, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), 2 median-based (simple and weighted) and MR-Egger) were applied using the weighted genetic risk score (wGRS). A bidirectional causality was found in all five methods, and there was no horizontal pleiotropy.

Serum bilirubin subgroups and cancer risk: Insights with a focus on lung cancer.

Background: Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant that neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS). While previous studies have predominantly focused on the association between total bilirubin and cancer risk, this study evaluates the association of different bilirubin subgroups with cancer risk in men and women.

Methods: Data were derived from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II cohort, including 133,630 participants.

Causal effect of fasting serum glucose on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a multivariable Mendelian randomization.

Objectives: Observational studies have reported that diabetes is a risk factor that increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the causal relationship remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between fasting serum glucose (FSG) and ASCVD.

Comparison of Population Attributable Fractions of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Linked to Excess Body Weight in Korea from 2015 to 2030.

Backgruound: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs.

Methods: Levin's formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies.

Estimation of Population Attributable Fraction by Hormone and Reproductive Factors on Female Cancer in the Republic of Korea, 2015 to 2030.

Purpose: Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for hormone and reproductive factors have been estimated in several countries. IARC designated as Group 1 and Group 2A carcinogen for hormone factors in breast, ovarian, endometrial and uterine cervix cancer. This study aimed to estimate the PAFs of hormone/reproductive factor attributed to cancer incidence and deaths in Korean women and projected trends from 2015 to 2030.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, liver fibrosis and risk of cardiovascular disease: A prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: In patients with NAFLD, liver fibrosis increases liver-related complications, but there is controversy about the increase in CVD. Based on a prospective cohort study, this study investigated the risk of cardiovascular disease due to liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods And Results: This study analyzed KCPS-II prospective cohort that tracked 104,399 people who participated in health check-ups at 18 institutions nationwide from 2004 to 2013.

Predicting Lung Cancer in Korean Never-Smokers With Polygenic Risk Scores.

In the last few decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with more than 10,000 subjects have identified several loci associated with lung cancer and these loci have been used to develop novel risk prediction tools for cancer. The present study aimed to establish a lung cancer prediction model for Korean never-smokers using polygenic risk scores (PRSs); PRSs were calculated using a pruning-thresholding-based approach based on 11 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Overall, the odds ratios tended to increase as PRSs were larger, with the odds ratio of the top 5% PRSs being 1.

Smoking-attributable Mortality in Korea, 2020: A Meta-analysis of 4 Databases.

Objectives: Estimating the number of deaths caused by smoking is crucial for developing and evaluating tobacco control and smoking cessation policies. This study aimed to determine smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) in Korea in 2020.

Methods: Four large-scale cohorts from Korea were analyzed.

The Combined Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Smoking on Cancer Risk by Exposure Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for cancer, and when combined with smoking, the risk increases. Nevertheless, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the combined effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on the risk of various cancer types. Therefore, to assess these effects, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fine-mapping analysis including over 254,000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV.

Factors Influencing Compliance With Social Distancing as a Nonpharmaceutical Intervention Before Vaccine Availability During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in South Korea.

This study aimed to identify factors influencing compliance with social distancing, a key nonpharmaceutical intervention during the early stages of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The study population comprised 182 758 Koreans who participated in the 2020 Community Health Survey. Personal characteristics were classified into sociodemographic, health behavioral, and psychosocial factors, and factors associated with social distancing compliance were identified.

A qualitative exploration of exercise motivation among colorectal cancer survivors: an application of the theory of planned behavior.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to use semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to elicit key influencing factors (i.e., behavioral, normative, and control beliefs) related to physical activity and exercise in colorectal cancer survivors.

Smoking-attributable mortality among Korean adults in 2019.

Objectives: Tobacco use ranks among the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. This study was conducted to calculate the mortality rate attributable to smoking in Korea for 2019 and to highlight the importance of tracking and monitoring smoking-related deaths for public health purposes.

Methods: Population attributable risk (PAR) was used to estimate the number of deaths related to smoking in 2019.

Metabolic changes preceding bladder cancer occurrence among Korean men: a nested case-control study from the KCPS-II cohort.

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) research in Koreans is still lacking, especially in focusing on the prediction of BLCA. The current study aimed to discover metabolic signatures related to BLCA onset and confirm its potential as a biomarker.

Methods: We designed two nested case-control studies using Korean Cancer Prevention Study (KCPS)-II.

Non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer risk: metabolite genomewide association study based on the KCPS-II cohort.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with a high mortality rate. The difficulty of early diagnosis is one of its primary causes. Therefore, we aimed to discover non-invasive biomarkers that facilitate the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer risk.

Cancer risk based on alcohol consumption levels: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for cancer. Despite extensive research into the relationship between alcohol consumption and cancer risk, the effect of light alcohol consumption on cancer risk remains a topic of debate. To contribute to this discourse, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

A large-scale microRNA transcriptome-wide association study identifies two susceptibility microRNAs, miR-1307-5p and miR-192-3p, for colorectal cancer risk.

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified many putative susceptibility genes for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, susceptibility miRNAs, critical dysregulators of gene expression, remain unexplored. We genotyped DNA samples from 313 CRC East Asian patients and performed small RNA sequencing in their normal colon tissues distant from tumors to build genetic models for predicting miRNA expression.