Acute Kidney Injury Prediction Model Using Cystatin-C, Beta-2 Microglobulin, and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Biomarker in Sepsis Patients.

Introduction: AKI is a frequent complication in sepsis patients and is estimated to occur in almost half of patients with severe sepsis. However, there is currently no effective therapy for AKI in sepsis. Therefore, the therapeutic approach is focused on prevention.

Facilitators and barriers to the adoption of mHealth apps for COVID-19 contact tracing: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Despite the enormous potential of mobile health (mHealth) apps for COVID-19 contact tracing, the adoption rate in most countries remains low. Thus, the objective of the current study is to identify facilitators and barriers of mHealth apps adoption for COVID-19 contact tracing based on existing studies.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of mHealth studies before December 2021 that evaluate facilitators and barriers associated with the adoption of mHealth apps for COVID-19 contact tracing.

Health insurance and contraceptive use, Indonesian Family Planning Census 2021.

Objective: To assess the association between health insurance coverage and sociodemographic characteristics, and the use of modern contraception in Indonesia.

Method: We used data from the 2021 Indonesian family planning census which included 38 408 597 couples. Contraception is covered by the national health insurance scheme: members are non-contributory (for poor families who do not make any monetary contribution) or contributory (for better-off families who pay for the insurance).

Is knowledge about COVID-19 associated with willingness to receive vaccine, vaccine uptake, and vaccine booster uptake in rural Malang, Indonesia?

Background: Lack of knowledge regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccines is a key barrier to COVID-19 vaccine uptake in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Aims: To examine factors associated with knowledge about COVID-19 and the association between knowledge of COVID-19, willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccine uptake in Malang, East Java, Indonesia.

Method: A cross-sectional study among individuals aged 15-99 years was conducted in Malang, Java Timur, Indonesia between November 2022 and January 2023.

Variation in Price of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine in Indonesia, and Relationship with Quality: A Mixed Methods Study in East Java.

Lower-middle income Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country, has struggled to contain costs in its mandatory, single-payer public health insurance system since the system's inception in 2014. Public procurement policies radically reduced prices of most medicines in public facilities and the wider market. However, professional associations and the press have questioned the quality of these low-cost, unbranded generic medicines.

Continuity of CVD treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from East Java, Indonesia.

Background: In Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death and disability. Government efforts to reduce the burden of CVD include a community-based prevention and early detection programme, and the provision of medicines to prevent cardiovascular events. Disruptions to medicine supply chains, service provision, and movement during the COVID-19 pandemic potentially threatened the continuity of these efforts.

Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A cross-sectional study in Malang District, Indonesia.

Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy could undermine efforts to reduce incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is crucial to tailoring strategies to increase vaccination acceptance. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of and the reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malang District, Indonesia.

A study of the quality of cardiovascular and diabetes medicines in Malang District, Indonesia, using exposure-based sampling.

Background: The WHO has warned that substandard and falsified medicines threaten health, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the magnitude of that threat for many medicines in different regions is not well described, and high-quality studies remain rare. Recent reviews of studies of cardiovascular and diabetes medicine quality recorded that 15.

Participation in community-based healthcare interventions and non-communicable diseases early detection of general population in Indonesia.

Background: Community-based Healthcare Interventions (CBHIs) are regarded as a critical component of healthcare task-sharing in LMICs and have the potential to address LMICs' health system weaknesses to improve NCDs prevention care. This study aims to investigate the relationship between participation in CBHIs and NCDs early detection at medical facilities among Indonesians.

Methods: Data come from the fifth Indonesian Family Life Survey (2014-2015), a total of 27,692 individuals (14,820 female and 12,872 male individuals age 15 and older).

Understanding community health worker employment preferences in Malang district, Indonesia, using a discrete choice experiment.

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in supporting health systems, and in improving accessibility to primary healthcare. In many settings CHW programmes do not have formalised employment models and face issues of high attrition and poor performance. This study aims to determine the employment preferences of CHWs in Malang district, Indonesia, to inform policy interventions.

Does social capital influence community health worker knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Malang district, Indonesia.

Community health workers (CHWs) are the first point of contact with the primary health care system in many low- and middle-income countries and are situated to play a critical role in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The knowledge, attitude and practices of CHWs regarding COVID-19 may be influenced by their level of trust and participation in the community, collectively defined as their level of social capital. To assess whether social capital influences CHWs' knowledge, attitude and practices related to COVID-19, we conducted a web-based survey of CHWs (n = 478) in Malang district, Indonesia between October 2020 and January 2021.

Sociodemographic characteristics and health access associated with COVID-19 infection and death: a cross-sectional study in Malang District, Indonesia.

Objectives: This study aims to examine sociodemographic characteristics and health access associated with COVID-19 infection and death in Malang District, Indonesia.

Design: A non-random cross-sectional study.

Setting: Population in 390 villages in Malang District, East Java Province, Indonesia.

COVID-19 Mobile Health Apps: An Overview of Mobile Applications in Indonesia.

Background: Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) have been widely used for various purposes for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic, such as self-assessment, contact tracing, disseminating information, minimizing exposure, and reducing face-to-face health consultation. The objective of this study is to systematically review COVID-19 related mHealth apps and highlight gaps to inform the development of future mHealth initiatives in Indonesia.

Methods: A systematic search strategy using a PRISMA flowchart was used to identify mHealth apps available in Google Play and Apple Play stores.

Applying systems thinking to identify enablers and challenges to scale-up interventions for hypertension and diabetes in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a longitudinal mixed-methods study.

Introduction: There is an urgent need to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, where the greatest burden lies. Yet, there is little research concerning the specific issues involved in scaling up NCD interventions targeting low-resource settings. We propose to examine this gap in up to 27 collaborative projects, which were funded by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) 2019 Scale Up Call, reflecting a total funding investment of approximately US$50 million.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices concerning COVID-19 Outbreaks in the General Population in Malang District, Indonesia.

Lack of knowledge often leads to nonchalant attitudes and improper practices that expose people to greater risks during a pandemic. Therefore, improving the general public’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can play a pivotal role in reducing the risks, especially in a country such as Indonesia with its scarcity of health resources for testing and tracing. Using the case of Malang District, this study set out to evaluate KAP regarding COVID-19 and its risk factors immediately after the Malang health authorities implemented various preventive measures.

Performance-based incentives and community health workers' outputs, a systematic review.

Objective: To review the evidence on the impact on measurable outcomes of performance-based incentives for community health workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of intervention studies published before November 2020 that evaluated the impact of financial and non-financial performance-based incentives for CHWs. Outcomes included patient health indicators; quality, utilization or delivery of health-care services; and CHW motivation or satisfaction.

Social Media Addiction and Mental Health Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.

Deteriorating mental health among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic is a serious worldwide public health concern. This study aims to examine the linkage between social media addiction and mental health of university students in Indonesia and to address whether family relationship and religiosity may mitigate the harmful effects of social media on the mental health of students at this time. We collected data from 709 students at universities across the country between June 3 and June 20, 2020.

Assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a financial versus behavioural incentive-based intervention for community health workers in rural Indonesia.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends that community health workers (CHWs) receive a mix of financial and non-financial incentives, yet notes that there is limited evidence to support the use of one type of incentive (i.e. financial or non-financial) over another.

Cost-effectiveness of a mobile technology-enabled primary care intervention for cardiovascular disease risk management in rural Indonesia.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in Indonesia, and there are large disparities in access to recommended preventative treatments across the country, particularly in rural areas. Technology-enabled screening and management led by community health workers have been shown to be effective in better managing those at high risk of CVD in a rural Indonesian population; however, the economic impacts of implementing such an intervention are unknown. We conducted a modelled cost-effectiveness analysis of the SMARThealth intervention in rural villages of Malang district, Indonesia from the payer perspective over a 10-year period.

Participation in community-based health care interventions (CBHIs) and its association with hypertension awareness, control and treatment in Indonesia.

Background: Little attention has been paid to whether CBHIs improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the contexts of low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). This study therefore aims to examine participation in CBHIs for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and its association with awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among Indonesians.

Methods: This study used data from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), drawn from 30,351 respondents aged 18 years and older.

Trends, Spatial Disparities, and Social Determinants of DTP3 Immunization Status in Indonesia 2004-2016.

Although 91% of 12-23-month-old children in Indonesia received at least one immunization in 2013, only 76% completed DTP3 immunization. This percentage is below the UNICEF and WHO recommended standards. Thus, this study aims to investigate trends, spatial disparities, and social determinants related to low coverage of DTP3 immunization in Indonesia.

Sleep Disturbance in Indonesia: How Much Does Smoking Contribute?

: To examine the linkage between smoking and sleep disturbance in Indonesia : This study used data from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), drawn from a sample of 38,879 individuals from 15,067 households living in 262 communities. Sleep disturbance was measured by ten validated indicators of sleep quality and sleep deprivation adopted from the PROMIS (Patient Recorded Outcomes Measurement Information System), developed by the USC Center for Economic and Social Research (CESR), USA. Hierarchical ordered logistic regression was used to account for unobserved factors in village communities.

Association of Multifaceted Mobile Technology-Enabled Primary Care Intervention With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Management in Rural Indonesia.

Importance: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of disease burden in Indonesia. Implementation of effective interventions for CVD prevention is limited.

Objective: To evaluate whether a mobile technology-supported primary health care intervention, compared with usual care, would improve the use of preventive drug treatment among people in rural Indonesia with a high risk of CVD.

Premature natural menopause and cognitive function among older women in Indonesia.

We examine the association between premature natural menopause and cognitive function among older women in Indonesia. Data come from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2014 (N = 1,031 menopausal women). Multilevel ordered logistic regression was used to take into account unobserved factors in the women's communities, also considering a range of potential confounding factors including their reproductive histories, lifestyles, and sociodemographic characteristics.