Legionellosis in Poland in 2017.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2017 in comparison with previous years.

Material And Methods: The analysis is based on national surveillance data published in the annual bulletin: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2017” and bulletins from previous years along with data from legionellosis case reports collected and sent to the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance NIPH – NIH by Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations.

Results: In Poland, both cases of Legionnaires’ disease (an acute form of infection with pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (a mild, influenza-like form of infection) are routinely reported to the surveillance system.

Legionellosis in Poland in 2016.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2016 in comparison to the preceding years.

Material And Methods: The assessment was based on national surveillance data published in the annual bulletin: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2016” and its prior versions along with data from legionellosis case reports sent from Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations to the Department of Epidemiology of NIPH - NIH.

Results: In Poland, both two main forms of legionellosis - Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever are routinely reported to the surveillance system.

Past and present history of cholera epidemics. Hundred years of operation of National Institute of Hygiene for the prevention and control of cholera.

Background: Cholera is an infectious disease that in the epidemic form should not continue to appear now, as is known from the experience of developed countries

Aim: The aim of this work is to bring to memory the epidemics of cholera, that were introduced to the territory of Poland, in the past and the role of National Institute of Hygiene (PZH) in the fight against them and to demonstrate contemporary danger from cholera outbreaks that still exists in the world

Material And Methods: The information from the historic publications were analyzed, the results Polish research performed in National Institute of Hygiene in the second half of the XX century were collected and demonstrated the most recent information from in the world science publications on the subject of cholera and the conditions that were in the origin of the recent outbreaks of cholera mentioned

Results: The data available for the number of cholera victims in the epidemics of XIX century is concerning the persons ill with characteristic clinical symptoms, but the data for XX century is concerning only patients that were infected with by the strain Vibrio cholerae O1 classic type, the bacteria that were described by R. Koch, but from the 70-years of XX century mostly the cases infected with Vibrio cholerae O1 type El-Tor, that was the etiologic agent of the seventh cholera pandemic

Summary And Conclusions: The origin of the epidemic cholera is depending on several conditions :appearance in water the infectious agent with the toxin producing character, ecological conditions of the surface waters, and on living conditions of human society which might be infected from the source of infection in water. The presence of the infectious agent in the natural waters should be always taken under special consideration car any worsening of living condition of the human population like natural disaster or war, may still create the dangers of the epidemic of infectious disease, as recently has happened with the outbreak of epidemic of cholera in Yemen

Legionellosis in Poland in 2015.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2015 in comparison to the preceding years.

Material And Methods: We reviewed data published in the annual bulletin: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2015” and its prior versions along with the legionellosis case reports sent from Sanitary- Epidemiological Stations to the Department of Epidemiology of NIPH - NIH.

Results: In Poland, both two forms of legionellosis - Legionnaires’ disease (a severe form of disease accompanied by pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (mild, influenza-like form of infection) - are notifiable.

Władysław Biegański, MD (1857-1917).

Dr W. Biegański was an eminent doctor of internal medicine mostly the acute infectious diseases and tuberculosis, he was scientist doing the research on the origin of the diseases and on the medical ethics, but more he was also a social activist taking care on the public health of the society in his time still living under the Russian rule. W.

Legionellosis in Poland in 2014.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2014.

Material And Methods: We reviewed data published in the annual bulletin: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2014” and its prior versions along with the legionellosis case reports sent to the Department of Epidemiology of NIPH - NIH.

Results: In Poland, both two forms of legionellosis - Legionnaires’ disease (a severe form of disease accompanied by pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (mild, influenza-like form of infection) - are routinely reported to the surveillance.

Human babesiosis.

Babesiosis is an emerging parasitic, anthropo-zoonotic tick-borne disease, seldom diagnosed in humans. Caused by Protozoa, Babesia (also called Piroplasma) intraerytrocytic piriform microorganism. Infection of vertebrates is transmitted by ticks.

Legionellosis in Poland in 2013.

Objective: The objective of the article is to assess the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2013 in comparison to the preceding years. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The analysis of epidemiological situation was based on the data published in the annual bulletin: "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2013" and its prior versions as well as the legionellosis case reports sent to the Department of Epidemiology of NIPH-NIH.

Shigellosis in Poland in 2012.

Background: Shigellosis according to European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) Report is registered in all countries of the European Union (EU) and of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) with exception of Italy and Luxemburg. The incidence rate in Poland below 0.1/100 000 of population is the lowest among the EU/EFTA countries.

Legionellosis in Poland in 2012.

Objective: The objective of the article is to assess the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2012 in comparison to the preceding years.

Material And Methods: The analysis of epidemiological situation was based on the data published in the annual bulletin: "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2012" and its prior versions as well as the legionellosis case reports sent to the Department of Epidemiology of NIPH-NIH.

Results: In Poland, all cases of legionellosis, including Legionnaires' disease - a form of disease accompanied by pneumonia and mild, influenza-like form of infection - Pontiac fever are routinely reported to the surveillance.

[Sequence-based typing--molecular typing of Legionella pneumophila strains within the framework of an international external quality assessment].

Introduction: The aim of the study was evaluation results of molecular typing L. pneumophila strains that was carried by using SBT (Sequence-Based Typing) method, obtained by laboratory of Department of Bacteriology NIZP-PZH within the framework of the ninth international external quality assessment (ELDSNet Legionella pneumophila DNA SBT) and their comparision with the results obtained by other reference laboratories in EU.

Material And Methods: The panel of five coded isolates of L.

Shigellosis in Poland in 2011.

Background: Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery, is a contagious and infectious disease. In the European Union, on the basis of the Commission Decision of 2 April 2009 and the Commission Decision of 28 April 2008, a unified system for collecting epidemiological data on infectious diseases was introduced, including shigellosis. This makes it possible to compare data collected at different times and in different countries.

Legionellosis in Poland in 2011.

Objectives: The main objective of this article is to assess the epidemiology of legionellosis in Poland in 2011, using national surveillance data.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed surveillance data published in the annual bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" from 2005 to 2011, and legionellosis case reports from 2011 sent to the Department of Epidemiology NIPH-NIH by Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations.

Results: In 2011, a total 18 Legionnaires' disease (Legionnaires' pneumonia) cases was reported.

[Dysentery and amoebiasis in Poland in 2010].

Introduction: Dysentery as infective and contagious disease is registered by all EU and EFTA countries only as shigellosis according to etiological classification of the infectious diseases. The cases are also registered by ECDC. According to ECDC Report for 2006-2008 the incidence rate in Poland < 0.

[Legionellosis in Poland in 2010].

Methods: The main objective of this article is to assess the epidemiology of legionellosis in Poland in 2010, using national surveillance data. In Poland, legionellosis is a mandatory notifiable disease based on the European Union (probable or confirmed) case definition, however Legionella pnemophila of unknown serogroup specific antybody response meets also laboratory criteria for case confirmation.

Results: The number of legionellosis cases reported has increased over the past years.

[Demographic characteristics of reported cases of legionellosis in years 2005-2009 in Poland in comparison to EWGLI data].

In Poland, all forms of legionellosis are obligatory reported: Legionella pneumonia and extrapulmonary legionellosis (such as Pontiac fever). Total 210 cases caused by Legionella sp. were reported in years 2003-2010.

[Dysentery and amoebiasis in Poland in 2009].

Only 30 cases were notified (incidence rate 0.08/100 000 population) in the year 2009, while the 33 cases were notified in 2008 (incidence rate 0.09/100 000), and median in the 2003-2007 years was 74 cases, incidence rate 0.

[Legionellosis in Poland in 2009].

In 2009--10 cases of legionellosis were reported in Poland, the incidence rate was 0.026/100 000 (in 2008--15 cases, incidence rate 0.039).

[Dysentery and amoebiasis in Poland in 2008].

The number as well as incidence rate of notified as shigellosis, bacillary dysentery cases in XXI century are every year lower. Only 33 cases were notified in the year 2008 (incidence rate 0.09/100 000 population), while the 64 cases were notified in 2007 (incidence rate 0.

[Legionellosis in Poland in 2008].

In 2008 the 15 cases of legionellosis were reported in Poland, the incidence rate was 0.039/100 000, while 28 (incidence rate 0.073/100 0000 in 2007 and 86 cases (incidence rate 0.

[Prof. Kazimierz Lachowicz (MD)--100th anniversary of birthday].

Prof. Kazimierz Lachowicz, MD, Dipl. Medical Microbiology, was the founder and the first Director of the three regional branches of National Institute of Hygiene (NIH),--in Stanisławów (Eastern Poland) (1937-43), now in Ukrainian Ivano-Frankivsk, maritime in Gdynia (1945), now Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, and in Gdańsk (1945-52).

[Dysentery and amoebiasis in Poland in 2007].

The number as well as incidence rate of notified as shigellosis, bacillary dysentery cases in XXI century are low. Only 64 cases were notified in the year 2007 (incidence rate 0.17/100,000 population), while 35 (incidence rate 0.

[Legionellosis in Poland in 2007].

In 2007 the 28 cases oflegionellosis were reported in Poland, the incidence rate was 0.073/100,000, while 86 cases (incidence rate 0.23/100,000) in 2006.

[Microbiological evaluation of risk of legionellosis and practical methods applied for elimination of Legionella pneumophila from hospital water systems].

Microbiological evaluation of risk of legionellosis was based on the results of water samples collected from hospital water systems examinations. The percentage of positive water samples, number of detected Legionella spp. cfu/100ml, determined serogroup and subgroup of isolated strains as well as genetic virulence markers (rtxA, mompS) were analyzed by multivariable regression tests.

[Dysentery and amoebiasis in Poland in 2006].

The number of notified as shigellosis, bacillary dysentery cases in the three last years (2004, 2005, 2006) is lower and lower and is the lowest of all years since 1918 when notification started. Only 35 cases were notified in the year 2006, while 80 were notified in 2005 (incidence rate 0.21/100 000 population), and 74 cases in 2004 (incidence rate 0.