Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species regulate acetyl-CoA flux between cytokine production and fatty acid synthesis in effector T cells.

Genetic and environmental factors shape an individual's susceptibility to autoimmunity. To identify genetic variations regulating effector T cell functions, we used a forward genetics screen of inbred mouse strains and uncovered genomic loci linked to cytokine expression. Among the candidate genes, we characterized a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, TMEM11, as an important determinant of Th1 responses.

Bilateral Lower Limb Injuries and the Need for Two Free Flaps: Simultaneous or Sequential.

  To determine the choice of flap cover for patients presenting with bilateral lower limb trauma requiring free flap cover and to derive a step-wise guide to the planning of bilateral lower limb free flaps.  This was a retrospective study of patients over a 20 year period from 2000 to 2020 who presented with bilateral lower limb defects following trauma and were managed with two free flaps for wound cover, done either simultaneously or sequentially in the same admission.  Of the 11 cases with 22 defects, there were 3 re-explorations with 1 flap loss managed with delayed fasciocutaneous flap cover.

Invasive Salmonella Typhimurium Colonizes Gallbladder and Contributes to Gallbladder Carcinogenesis through Activation of Host Epigenetic Modulator KDM6B.

Gallbladder stones alone do not explain the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) as the sole etiological factor. Chronic microbial infection, particularly Salmonella, has been implicated in GB carcinogenesis, but its causative role and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We studied gut and gallbladder tissue microbiome through targeted metagenomics to identify pathogenic bacteria in GBC.

Decoding Mandibular Angle Fracture Management: Biomechanical Analysis of Different Plating Techniques - An Study.

Objective: The primary rationale of the study is to assess the biomechanical aspects of Champy's, monoplanar, biplanar, and 3D strut plating systems using an model in the management of the angle of mandible fracture.

Methods: Thirty-two hemi-sectioned mandibles ( = 32) were obtained from adult goats and divided into four groups ( = 8) for different plating techniques: monoplanar, biplanar, Champy's, and three-dimensional curved angle strut plating. A customized biomechanical test machine simulated masticatory loads by applying compressive forces.

Randomized double blind placebo controlled multicentric clinical trial of Ayush M-3 in the management of migraine- A study protocol.

Background: Migraine is acknowledged as an intricate and incapacitating neurological malady, profoundly exerting a potent influence on the health-related quality of life of patients causing disability, and augmented burden on families, and entire communities. Notwithstanding the strides made in the field of headache disorder management, there remains a cohort of migraine-afflicted patients who do not encounter satisfactory alleviation. This emphasizes the need for alternative systems in addressing the issue and there is a growing interest in exploring Indian system of medicine to address migraine symptoms.

A systematic review on the anti-microbial activities and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of quinoxaline derivatives.

Anti-microbial resistance has become a serious global health issue affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite extensive drug discovery efforts aimed at identifying potent molecules for effective anti-microbial treatments, the emergence of superbugs remains a significant challenge. Thus, developing novel therapeutic agents is required to combat these evolving threats.

Next-Generation Teleophthalmology: AI-enabled Quality Assessment Aiding Remote Smartphone-based Consultation.

Blindness and other eye diseases are a global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India. In this regard, during the COVID-19 pandemic, teleophthalmology became a lifeline, and the Grabi attachment for smartphone-based eye imaging gained in use. However, user-captured images do not often possess complete clinical information for decision making, leading to delays.

Improved Segmentation of Confocal Calcium Videos of Hela Cells Using Deep-Learning-Assisted Watershed Algorithm.

The potential of calcium imaging in high-throughput drug screening experiments remains underutilized, primarily because of time-intensive manual identification of cells.To overcome these challenges, we propose to use deep learning enhanced watershed segmentation, wherein the complex morphology and the distinctions in the time courses are appropriately accounted through enhanced watershed and multi-frame processing respectively. Our segmentation pipeline involved training of two CNNs (modified U-Net and YOLOv5), one to predict distance transform and other to detect individual cells on the predicted distance transform images.

Towards Fluorescent-Tag-Less Viral Titration: Automated Estimation of Cell-Size Distribution and Infection Level from Phase-Contrast Microscopy Using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning.

Automated detection of infected insect cells is one of the crucial tasks in the field of recombinant protein production and vaccine development. The major challenge lies in manual segmentation of cells and quantifying cell size distribution is tedious and requires extensive effort. While such assessment of the infection levels is possible through fluorescent imaging, it requires tagging the expressed protein with a fluorescent marker.

Efficacy and safety of ayurvedic intervention (Sarpgandha Mishran) vs amlodipine for Stage-I primary hypertension- study protocol for a prospective Double-Dummy, Double-Blind, placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Hypertension presents as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with approximately two-thirds of the global hypertensive population concentrated in low- and middle-income nations. Sarpagandha Mishran is an Ayurveda intervention utilized for the management of hypertension. The objective of the study is to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Sarpgandha Mishran in the Management of Stage-I Hypertension.

Feasibility of implementing a codesigned patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) collection system for older adults in acute and sub-acute hospital settings.

Purpose: To test the feasibility of a co-designed PROMs collection system for hospitalised older adults.

Methods: A mixed-methods feasibility study was conducted sequentially across one acute and one sub-acute ward, over a 12-week period. Patients aged ≥ 60 years who discharged from hospital were eligible.

SARS-CoV-2: A synergy to the Alzheimer's disease.

COVID-19 was a nightmare in humankind's history that challenged our advanced medical technology. All credit goes to the researchers who played a crucial role in curbing COVID-19 and proved our medical technology supremacy. However, COVID-19 has left some mysterious scars on human well-being.

Effectiveness of Composite Ayurveda Regimen in a Black Box Design for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Protocol of a Single Arm, Community-Based Study.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects joints and can have extra-articular manifestations. RA usually tends to be progressive and leads to substantial health care burdens, both in terms of disability and economic costs. Despite the various treatment modalities available, there is still an urgent need for safe and effective medicine based on the pattern of disease presentation.

Gut microbiome changes with micronutrient supplementation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the MADDY study.

Micronutrients have demonstrated promise in managing inattention and emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One plausible pathway by which micronutrients improve symptoms is the gut microbiome. This study examines changes in fecal microbial composition and diversity after micronutrient supplementation in children with ADHD ( = 44) and highlights potential mechanisms responsible for the behavioral improvement, as determined by blinded clinician-rated global improvement response to micronutrients.

Location of Fracture Determining the Length of Hospital Stay in Maxillofacial Trauma Patients - A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: The study aims to determine the variables influencing the patient's hospital discharge following maxillofacial trauma.

Materials And Methods: A 3-year retrospective analysis of patients with maxillofacial trauma was conducted on a total of 200 patients ( = 200) in this study. Clinical data were acquired from the medical case sheets of the patients who received treatment.

Role of functional genes for seed vigor related traits through genome-wide association mapping in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.).

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) is a calcium-rich, nutritious and resilient crop that thrives even in harsh environmental conditions.

Performance Comparison of Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction and Four Machine Learning Models for Estimating Genomic Breeding Values in Working Dogs.

This study investigates the efficacy of various genomic prediction models-Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)-in predicting genomic breeding values (gEBVs). The phenotypic data include three binary health traits (anodontia, distichiasis, oral papillomatosis) and one behavioral trait (distraction) in a population of guide dogs. These traits impact the potential for success in guide dogs and are therefore routinely characterized but were chosen based on differences in heritability and case counts specifically to assess gEBV model performance.

Depression Paradox in Cardiovascular Outcomes of Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Insights from 2 Million Nationwide Hospitalizations.

Objective: Depression is a frequent comorbidity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. There is a scarcity of data on the impact of depression on the outcomes of OSA.

Material And Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample (2018), we identified hospitalizations in the US with OSA.

Identification and Validation of B-Cell Epitopes on the VP1 Protein of Parvovirus B19 through Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation.

This study aimed to identify B-cell epitope candidates using multiple epitope identification software and analysis of the modeled B19 V protein against specific antibodies using molecular docking and dynamics simulation. : Full-length amino acid sequences of the VP1 protein of B19 V were retrieved from NCBI. A consensus sequence was generated using CLC sequence viewer.

Mandibular Reconstruction Modalities Using Virtual Surgical Planning and 3D Printing Technology: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience.

Introduction: Mandibular reconstruction is often challenging. However, the revolution of computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM), virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printing technology have changed this notion.

Patients And Methods: In this article, we have described six case scenarios where various aspects of VSP and 3D printing technology have been utilized for complex mandibular reconstruction procedures, to provide the patients with the best possible outcome in terms of form, function, and aesthetics.

Efficacy and Safety of Murivenna Anal Infiltration Compared to Diltiazem Topical Application in Chronic Anal Fissure: Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial.

Background: Anal fissure is a common proctologic condition that causes significant pain and anguish to patients, significantly impacting their quality of life and well-being. There are various treatment options for anal fissure, ranging from pharmacological agents that reduce anal sphincter tone to surgical interventions for cases resistant to medical management. Ayurvedic treatments have shown potential for the therapeutic management of anal fissure.

Indole 3 carbinol attenuated memory impairment, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion induced brain damage in rats.

Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) is associated with a multifaceted etiology, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, ultimately leading to cognitive and memory impairments. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective, cognitive, and memory-enhancing effects of indole 3-carbinol (I3C), a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables. Additionally, network pharmacology analyses were conducted to identify potential molecular targets of I3C in GCI.

Assessing fentanyl and methamphetamine in air and on surfaces of transit vehicles.

Recently, the misuse of fentanyl and methamphetamine has increased in the United States. These drugs can be consumed via smoking a powder, which can subsequently contaminate air and surfaces with drug residue. With limited access to safe consumption sites, this misuse often occurs in public spaces such as public transit, leading to potential secondhand exposures among transit operators and riders.

Tunneled Dialysis Catheter Insertion in External Jugular Vein by Nephrologists.

Background: External jugular vein (EJV) is used to insert tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) in patients with no AVF and exhausted right internal jugular veins (IJV). There is scarce data on TDC insertion in EJV by nephrologists with fluoroscopy guidance.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study that included hemodialysis patients with exhausted right IJV access who underwent EJV TDC insertion, and excluded occluded ipsilateral brachiocephalic vein or superior vena cava, EJV < 5 mm diameter, or patients with existing EJV TDC.