Exploring the multifaceted vulnerabilities of female street child labor in the capital city of Bangladesh.

Numerous children experience vulnerability due to their families' profound economic and socio-economic hardships. Among this demographic, females face heightened susceptibility, particularly those engaged in child labor. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, hosts a substantial population of female child laborers, compounding their precarious circumstances.

The association between primary ovarian insufficiency and increased multimorbidity in a large prospective cohort (Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging).

Objective: To describe the prevalence of multimorbidity among individuals with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early menopause compared with those with the average age of menopause.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Setting: Outpatient communities across ten provinces across Canada, available from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Diffusion Models-Based Purification for Common Corruptions on Robust 3D Object Detection.

LiDAR sensors have been shown to generate data with various common corruptions, which seriously affect their applications in 3D vision tasks, particularly object detection. At the same time, it has been demonstrated that traditional defense strategies, including adversarial training, are prone to suffering from gradient confusion during training. Moreover, they can only improve their robustness against specific types of data corruption.

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis burden at the village level in selected high visceral leishmaniasis endemic upazilas in Bangladesh.

Objectives: As post kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) threatens the success of the Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) elimination initiative, we aimed to investigate the PKDL burden, including an active search for PKDL in leprosy-negative skin lesion cases. We also investigated their health-seeking behavior and perceived level of stigma.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey among inhabitants in the VL-endemic villages of the five most VL-endemic upazilas.

Mechanistic Insights into the Stabilization of In Situ Formed γ-NiOOH Species on NiNb Nanoglass for Effective Urea Electro-Oxidation.

The formation of NiOOH on the catalyst surface is widely considered to be the active species in electrochemical urea oxidation reactions (UOR). Though in situ-formed NiOOH species are reported to be more active than the synthesized ones, the mechanistic study of the actual active species remains a daunting task due to the possibility of different phases and instability of surface-formed NiOOH. Herein, mechanistic UOR aspects of electrochemically activated metallic NiNb Nanoglass showing stability toward the γ-NiOOH phase are reported, probed via in situ Raman spectroscopy, supported by electron microscopy analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in contrast with the β-NiOOH formation favored on Ni foil.

Quality evaluation of strawberries coated with water-in-oil based emulsion using an advanced electrostatic spray coating system.

In this study, the impact of formulated emulsion was studied on strawberries which were coated using dip and electrostatic spray coating methods. The coated strawberries were kept at room temperature for a period of 12 days. A significant level of chargeability of w/o emulsion was achieved in terms of charge-to-mass ratio of 2.

Effects of Low and High Maternal Protein Intake on Fetal Skeletal Muscle miRNAome in Sheep.

Prenatal maternal feeding plays an important role in fetal development and has the potential to induce long-lasting epigenetic modifications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that serve as one epigenetic mechanism. Though miRNAs have crucial roles in fetal programming, growth, and development, there is limited data regarding the maternal diet and miRNA expression in sheep.

The experimental significance of isorhamnetin as an effective therapeutic option for cancer: A comprehensive analysis.

Isorhamnetin (CHO), a 3'-O-methylated derivative of quercetin from the class of flavonoids, is predominantly present in the leaves and fruits of several plants, many of which have traditionally been employed as remedies due to its diverse therapeutic activities. The objective of this in-depth analysis is to concentrate on Isorhamnetin by addressing its molecular insights as an effective anticancer compound and its synergistic activity with other anticancer drugs. The main contributors to Isorhamnetin's anti-malignant activities at the molecular level have been identified as alterations of a variety of signal transduction processes and transcriptional agents.

Exploring risky health behaviors and vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases among transnational undocumented labor migrants from Bangladesh: a qualitative study.

Background: In Bangladesh, remittances constitute a substantial portion of the country's foreign exchange earnings and serve as a primary source of income. However, a considerable number of Bangladeshi citizens reside overseas without proper documentation, exposing them to significant challenges such as limited access to healthcare and socioeconomic opportunities. Moreover, their irregular migration status often results in engaging in risky health behaviors that further exacerbate their vulnerability.

Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals upregulated extracellular matrix hub genes in pancreatic cancer: Implications for diagnosis, prognosis, immune infiltration, and therapeutic strategies.

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) stands out as one of the most formidable malignancies and exhibits an exceptionally unfavorable clinical prognosis due to the absence of well-defined diagnostic indicators and its tendency to develop resistance to therapeutic interventions. The primary objective of this present study was to identify extracellular matrix (ECM)-related hub genes (HGs) and their corresponding molecular signatures, with the intent of potentially utilizing them as biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.

Methods: Three microarray datasets were sourced from the NCBI database to acquire upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while MatrisomeDB was employed for filtering ECM-related genes.

Selective prosaposin expression in Langerhans islets of the mouse pancreas.

The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells surrounded by exocrine acinar cells in the pancreas. Prosaposin is a housekeeping protein required for normal lysosomal function, but its expression level is significantly different among tissues. Prosaposin also exists in various body fluids including serum.

Therapeutic potential of clinically proven natural products in the management of dementia.

Dementia is a common neurodegenerative disorder connected to damage to nerve cells in the brain. Although some conventional drugs are available for dementia treatments and are still sanctified for dementia patients, their short- and long-term side effects and other limitations make treating patients more challenging. The authors aimed to explain novel options for treating dementia with natural products and unravel some clinically proven natural products.

Development and internal validation of machine learning-based models and external validation of existing risk scores for outcome prediction in patients with ischaemic stroke.

Aims: We developed new machine learning (ML) models and externally validated existing statistical models [ischaemic stroke predictive risk score (iScore) and totalled health risks in vascular events (THRIVE) scores] for predicting the composite of recurrent stroke or all-cause mortality at 90 days and at 3 years after hospitalization for first acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).

Methods And Results: In adults hospitalized with AIS from January 2005 to November 2016, with follow-up until November 2019, we developed three ML models [random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST)] and externally validated the iScore and THRIVE scores for predicting the composite outcomes after AIS hospitalization, using data from 721 patients and 90 potential predictor variables. At 90 days and 3 years, 11 and 34% of patients, respectively, reached the composite outcome.

Auxiliary Tasks Enhanced Dual-Affinity Learning for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation.

Most existing weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) methods rely on class activation mapping (CAM) to extract coarse class-specific localization maps using image-level labels. Prior works have commonly used an off-line heuristic thresholding process that combines the CAM maps with off-the-shelf saliency maps produced by a general pretrained saliency model to produce more accurate pseudo-segmentation labels. We propose AuxSegNet + , a weakly supervised auxiliary learning framework to explore the rich information from these saliency maps and the significant intertask correlation between saliency detection and semantic segmentation.

Assessment of water, hygiene, and sanitation practice and associated factors among Bihari refugee camp in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: The global significance of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) cannot be overstated, extending far beyond the confines of developing nations and encompassing even the most developed ones. This study, rooted in the Bihari refugee camp in Bangladesh, seeks to underscore the universality of WASH concerns.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design and a structured questionnaire, we conducted a meticulous evaluation of WASH practices with 313 participants selected through random sampling.

Screening out molecular pathways and prognostic biomarkers of ultraviolet-mediated melanoma through computational techniques.

Purpose: Ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer, but the exact mechanism by which it occurs and the most effective methods of intervention to prevent it are yet unknown. For this purpose, our study will use bioinformatics and systems biology approaches to discover potential biomarkers of skin cancer for early diagnosis and prevention of disease with applicable clinical treatments.

Methods: This study compared gene expression and protein levels in ultraviolet-mediated cultured keratinocytes and adjacent normal skin tissue using RNA sequencing data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information-Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database.

Effects of Pilates Exercises on Core Stability After Recovery from COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The primary objective was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on CS, and the secondary objective was to assess static trunk balance after recovery from COVID-19.

Patients And Methods: 145 recovered COVID-19 university students between the ages of 19 and 25 participated in this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial study. The participants were divided into a Pilates group and a control group, each of which received a home exercise program.

Unveiling the potential anti-cancer activity of calycosin against multivarious cancers with molecular insights: A promising frontier in cancer research.

Background: Calycosin may be a potential candidate regarding chemotherapeutic agent, because already some studies against multivarious cancer have been made with this natural compound.

Aim: This review elucidated a brief overview of previous studies on calycosin potential effects on various cancers and its potential mechanism of action.

Methodology: Data retrieved by systematic searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus by using keywords including calycosin, cancer types, anti-cancer mechanism, synergistic, and pharmacokinetic and commonly used tools are BioRender, ChemDraw Professional 16.

An Overview of One Health Concept Focusing on Toxoplasmosis.

The "One Health" concept is a universal approach to sustainably balancing and optimizing the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems. This approach is based on the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, and plants in a wider environment in which self-renewable ecosystems exist, with essential characteristics of integration, unifying and holistic perspective. Toxoplasmosis, one of the most common zoonotic infections in both terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems in the world, is an ideal model disease for the "One Health" approach.

Esculetin unveiled: Decoding its anti-tumor potential through molecular mechanisms-A comprehensive review.

Background: The growing complexity of cancer has made it a significant concern in the medical community. Although cancer research has advanced, it is still challenging to create new effective medications due to the limitations and side effects of existing treatment strategies. These are enforcing the development of some alternative drugs from natural compounds with fewer drawbacks and side effects.