Prognostic Value of Lymphangiogenesis Determinants in Luminal and Non-luminal Breast Carcinomas.

Background: Breast carcinomas (BCs) are sub-classified according to the molecular characteristics into luminal and non-luminal subtypes that clinically show different biological behavior, treatment and prognosis. BCs spread primarily through lymphatic vessels using cascade processes of lymphagiogenesis in which VEGF-C plays an important role during lymph node metastasis. Prognostic value of VEGF-C in luminal and non-luminal BC is still unclear and has not been studied thoroughly to clarify and define prognosis and therapeutic monitoring.

Prognostic Value of Clinicopathological Factors for Indonesian Breast Carcinomas of Different Molecular Subtypes.

Background: Breast carcinoma (BC) is a heterogeneous disease due to its different molecular profiles i.e. luminal (luminal A and luminal B) and non-luminal (HER2 positive and triple negative) subtypes.

Rare Helicobacter pylori Infection May Explain Low Stomach Cancer Incidence: Ecological Observations in Bali, Indonesia.

The incidence rate of stomach cancer in Bali, Indonesia, is estimated to be strikingly lower than that in Japan. We conducted an on-site ecological study to investigate the association between the stomach cancer incidence and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.

Clinicopathological features of indonesian breast cancers with different molecular subtypes.

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with molecular subtypes that have biological distinctness and different behavior. They are classified into luminal A, luminal B, Her-2 and triple negative/basal-like molecular subtypes. Most of breast cancers reported in Indonesia are already large size, with high grade or late stage but the clinicopathological features of different molecular subtypes are still unclear.

Association between TNF-α and IL-1β genotypes vs Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia.

Aim: To investigate the correlation between the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and host genetic background of healthy populations in Indonesia.

Methods: In March 2007, epidemiological studies were undertaken on the general population of a city in Indonesia (Mataram, Lombok).

Clinicopathological significance of lymphangiogenesis and tumor lymphovascular invasion in indonesian breast cancers.

Background: Lymphangiogenesis, assessed as lymphovascular density (LVD), is the initial step of generalized tumor lymphovascular invasion (LVI). It also involves VEGF-C as the most important protein family. Lymphangiogenesis among breast cancer cases correlations with several clinicopathological factors are important to determine prognosis and treatment strategies, but results have been controversial and require clarification.

Association between HLA-DQ genotypes and haplotypes vs Helicobacter pylori infection in an Indonesian population.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal pathogen related to the development of not only atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer, but also gastric cancer. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) may play particular roles in host immune responses to bacterial antigens. This study aimed to investigate the association between HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genotypes and haplotypes vs H.

Survival from operable breast cancer: prognostic factors in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine most significant prognostic factor for overall survival of invasive duct operable breast cancer from clinical stage, pathological stage, epidemiological, anatomic and cellular and molecular genetic factors.

Materials And Methods: Research design was prospective cohort. Duct invasive operable breast cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated with standard protocol since 1993, followed prospectively until November 2003 by clinical stage, pathological stage, age, tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, mitotic index, ER,PR, c-erbB2, p53 and MIB-1, until revealed outcome (death).

Breast cancer in young women: prognostic factors and clinicopathological features.

Objective: A young age at diagnosis of breast cancer as a negative prognostic factor is a controversial issue. Some reports indicate that breast cancer in young women has different clinicopathological characteristics than in the elderly, while others found no correlation between prognosis and age. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of breast cancer in young women compared with elderly patients.

Hormone receptor status of operable breast cancers in Indonesia: correlation with other prognostic factors and survival.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormone receptor status of operable breast cancers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia , and its correlation with other established prognostic factors and overall survival.

Materials And Methods: Operable breast cancers in Yogyakarta were studied clinically, pathologically and immunohistochemically for tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, mitotic index, ER, PR, c-erbB2, p53 and MIB-1 proliferation index. Correlations of ER and PR with those prognostic factors were determined, and patients were longitudinally followed for overall survival.

Rare Helicobacter pylori infection as a factor for the very low stomach cancer incidence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

To elucidate factors associated with the very low risk of gastric neoplasia in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, approximately 1/50 of the level in Japan, we recruited 52 male and 39 female participants from the general populace in the city of Yogyakarta in October 2003. Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies were found in only 5% (0-13) (95% confidence interval) and 4% (0-9) for Javanese males and females, respectively, and were statistically lower than the 62% (58-65) and 57% (53-60), respectively, in Japanese. Furthermore, positive findings of pepsinogen test were only 0 and 2% (0-6) for males and females, in Yogyakarta, and were again significantly lower than the 23% (22-25) and 22% (20-23), in Japan.

Gastro-intestinal cancer in Indonesia.

Background: Report on cancer incidence in Indonesia was presented in relative frequency. To lower the bias, the report has been presented in age standardized cancer ratio (ASCAR). The report was a department of pathology based cancer registration.

Decrease of malaria morbidity with community participation in central Java.

Malaria is still a problem in Java-Bali, although the Malaria Eradication Program started in the 1950's. In the First National Five Year Development Plan it was changed to the Malaria Control Program with the aim to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates through surveillance and spraying interventions using the primary health care approach. In 1984 in Central Java there were malaria areas with an average annual parasite incidence (API) between 1 and 7.

Reinfection and infection rates of soil-transmitted-helminths in Kemiri Sewu, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

A study on the reinfection and infection rates of soil-transmitted helminths was conducted in Kemiri Sewu, Godean District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, from August 1988 to June 1990. A total 61 individuals rendered Ascaris lumbricoides egg-negative by drug treatment were used in the reinfection study and 412 individuals found negative for Ascaris eggs in the pretreatment stool examination were used for the infection rate study. In both groups, children had higher and faster reinfection and infection rates than adults.

Immunogenicity of a temperature sensitive mutant Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine.

The immunogenicity of the ts-11 vaccine strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum was assessed following eye drop or coarse aerosol administration in chickens of various ages. Protection was evalualted following intra-abdominal (IA) or fine droplet aerosol administration of virulent M. gallisepticum, usually the Ap3AS strain and was measured mainly by the scoring of gross air sac lesions or by egg production.

Safety of temperature sensitive mutant Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine.

A temperature sensitive (ts) vaccine strain designated ts-11 was selected after exposure of a low passage culture of the immunogenic Australian field isolate (strain 80083) of Mycoplasma gallisepticum to 100 mg/ml of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Viable counts (assayed as colour changing units (CCU)/25 microliters) of a thawed stock culture of ts-11 were typically log10 3 to log10 5 higher when incubated at 33 degrees C (the permissive temperature) than duplicate viable counts incubated at 39.5 degrees C (the restrictive temperature).

Virulence and transmissibility of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

The virulence of 4 low passage strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum obtained from different sources within Australia was studied by experimental infection of chickens. Strain Ap3AS, originally isolated from the air sac of a broiler chicken, produced severe air sac lesions following injection into the abdominal air sacs of 2-week or 3-week-old chickens, and adult hens. Strain 80083 which was isolated from a clinically normal broiler breeder hen was also capable of producing gross air sac lesions following intra-abdominal (IA) injection, although it did so less consistently than strain Ap3AS.

Immunogenicity of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

The serological response and protective immunity elicited in the chicken by the pathogenic Ap3AS strain and the moderately pathogenic 80083 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and variants of strain 80083 attenuated by repeated passage in mycoplasma broth were investigated. Strain 80083 elicited a substantial serum antibody response after administration either in drinking water or by conjunctival sac instillation to 7-week-old SPF chickens. No vaccinated chickens developed air sac lesions when challenged by intra-abdominal (IA) injection with the virulent Ap3AS strain.

The clinico-pathology of a malignant catarrhal fever syndrome in the Indonesian swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Between September 1979 and May 1982, 50 of 177 swamp buffaloes became sick and died 83 to 719 days (mean 271) after being transferred to a research facility and housed in quarters adjacent to where sheep and goats were kept. The major clinical signs were anorexia, fever, conjunctivitis, scleral hyperaemia, ocular discharge, hyperaemia of skin, enlargement of lymph nodes and depression. Postmortem and histopathological lesions were observed in most of the tissues and organs of the body.

Studies on the prevalence of hookworms in the dog's intestine and the pathology of the intestinal wall.

During the period January to April 1977, 34 dogs were autopsied and examined for hookworms in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, A. caninum was found in all 34 dogs (100%), A. ceylanicum in 33 dogs (97.

Cancer in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: relative frequencies.

Some 1220 male and 2102 female cases of malignant neoplasms diagnosed histologically at the Department of Pathology of the Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta during the period 1970-73 were analysed. The most frequent tumour sites were among men: nasopharyngeal cancer, 21-8% and skin cancer, 17-6%. Among women the genital cancers were the most frequent with: cervix uteri, 25-7% chorionepithelioma, 3-7%, other uterus, 4-4% and ovary, 7-4%.