Hippocampal mitochondrial Ca in experimentally induced Alzheimer's disease, link to calpains and impact of vitamin D3 supplementation.

Unlabelled: Vitamin D impact on hippocampal mitochondrial Ca and calpains was not previously investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current work aimed to assess the alteration in hippocampal mitochondrial Ca, ATP & ADP and hippocampal calpains' level in (AlCl)-induced AD model, and the effect of 2 regimens of vitamin D supplementation on these alterations.

Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups; control, AD (AlCl100 mg/kg, p.

Apocynin attenuates methotrexate-induced mucositis by regulating NF-κB, PPAR-γ and Bax/Bcl-2/Puma signals.

Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are the primary inducers of Methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis. This research aimed to determine whether apocynin (APO) could protect against MTX-induced mucositis. The antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions of APO in this model will be evaluated.

The Adverse Reactions of Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose are Mild and Similar to the Second Dose Responses: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Like other vaccines, Pfizer BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus infections begins to decline within a few months after the 2 dose. On August 12, 2021, the FDA allowed additional Pfizer BioNTch's COVID-19 vaccine dose (3 or booster dose) for individuals with weakened immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term adverse reactions (ADRs) of the 2 and the 3 doses of the Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

Elevated Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers are Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity.

High levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum have been reported in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is growing interest in recognizing the role of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva in diagnosing systemic diseases. This study assumed that estimating biomarkers in saliva samples from patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 would distinguish between mild and severe cases.

Biochemical and Histological Study of the Impact of Combined Lepidium sativum and Citric Acid on Liver and Kidney Functions in Rats.

The study aimed to determine the interaction of using LS and CA in combination on liver, kidney, and heart functions in rats and to evaluate the role of antioxidant effects of LS against CA-induced hepato-renal toxicity. This study was conducted on 36 male rats divided into four groups (n = 9). The groups were; the control, LS-treated (10 g/100 g of food), CA-treated (5 g/100 g of food), and combined LS plus CA-treated groups for 6 weeks.

Novel Pomegranate-Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Improves Cisplatin Anti-Cancer Efficacy in Ehrlich Carcinoma Mice Model.

Cisplatin (CISP) is one of the most widely used anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents with remarkable efficacy against various types of cancers. However, it has been associated with nephrotoxicity amongst other undesirable side effects. Pomegranate (PE) is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent effective against cancer, with a superior benefit of not being associated with the common toxicities related to the use of conventional chemotherapeutic agents.

Nanoparticles of Ameliorate Diabetes-Induced Structural Changes in Rat Prostate through Mediating the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines IL 6, IL1β and TNF-α.

Diabetes mellitus is a common global health problem. Among the complications that are frequently associated with DM are the alternation of sexual function and fertility, especially in young men. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of nanoparticles of () in preserving the prostatic structure of diabetic rats and to explore the mechanism behind this effect.

Elevated hippocampal mGlut2 receptors in rats with metabolic syndrome-induced-memory impairment, possible protection by vitamin D.

Background: Metabolic syndrome patients are commonly prone to major health problems as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cancer and neuropsychological complications including dementia.

Objectives: This research investigates mechanisms linking metabolic syndrome to cognitive impairment and possible impact of vitamin D supplementation.

Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups.

Hepatoprotective Effects of (-) Epicatechin in CCl-Induced Toxicity Model Are Mediated via Modulation of Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats.

Objective: (-) Epicatechin (EP) is a naturally occurring antioxidant flavonoid found in some green plants. The current study was designed to evaluate the potential role of antioxidant mechanisms in the hepatoprotective properties of EP using the carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced acute liver injury model.

Materials And Methods: Rats ( = 7 per group) were divided into five groups including control group, (-) epicatechin group (20 mg·kg body weight), CCl group (1 mL body weight), CCl-EP treatment group, and CCl-silymarin (SILY) group.

Can fig and olive ameliorate the toxicity induced by 2-nitropropane in some organs of mice? Role of inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory gene.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Fig fruit powder and olive on hepatic, renal and splenic injury induced by 2-nitropropane (2-NP) in mice, especially if they were used in combination.

Methods: A total of 40 adult BALB/c male mice weighting 25-30 g/each. Mice were categorized into five groups (8 each).

An Ethanolic Extract of L. Seeds Modifies Neuroendocrine Disruption in Chronic Stressed Rats and Adrenal Expression of Inflammatory Markers and HSP70.

Pumpkins ( L.) were described to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and antidepressant-like effect. The adrenal gland is an important stress-responsive organ that maintains homeostasis during stress.

The Possible Effects of Vitamin D3 on AlCl-Induced Histological and Morphometric Alterations of Adult Male Albino Rat Hippocampus.

Context: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a challenging neurodegenerative disease, and Vitamin D was proved to have neuroprotective effects.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of Vitamin D3 supplementation on AlCl-induced AD rat model in different hippocampal subregions (CA1, CA2, and CA3). It also aimed to compare the protective effects of protective versus therapeutic effects of Vitamin D3 regiments on the number of degenerated neurons and the neuronal layer thickness.

Thymoquinone Preserves Pancreatic Islets Structure Through Upregulation of Pancreatic β-Catenin in Hypothyroid Rats.

Background: Altered status of thyroid hormones, which have a key role in regulating metabolism, was reported to affect glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.

Objective: This study was designed to assess the impact of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism on the pancreatic islet cells and the efficacy of thymoquinone (TQ) in alleviating this impact and explore the mechanism behind it alleviating oxidative stress and affecting β-catenin expression.

Materials And Methods: PTU (6 mg/kg/body weight) was used to induce hypothyroidism in Wistar rats.

Minor to Moderate Side Effects of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Among Saudi Residents: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine has recently received emergency approval from the US FDA. The mRNA technology was used to manufacture the Pfizer vaccine; however, as a pioneering technology that has never been used in the manufacture of vaccines, many people have concerns about the vaccine's side effects. Thus, the current study aimed to track the short-term side effects of the vaccine.

Effect of prolonged whole-body hyperthermia on adult male rat testes and the protective role of vitamin C and E: A histological and biochemical study.

Hyperthermia (HT) is a significant risk factor for male infertility. Most researchers investigated the effect of localized and short-term HT on male fertility. This study aimed to assess the harmful impacts of prolonged and generalized HT on testicular histology and ultrastructure in rats.

Vitamin E and 5-amino salicylic acid ameliorates acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy by inhibiting caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoexpression.

Acrylamide is a fundamental cause of accidental toxicity in humans. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of vitamin E (Vit. E), 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA), and their combination against acrylamide-induced sciatic nerve toxicity.

The Impact of ABO Blood Grouping on COVID-19 Vulnerability and Seriousness: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Controlled Study among the Arab Community.

Studies have noted that some ABO blood types are more susceptible to COVID-19 virus infection. This study aimed to further confirm the relationship between different blood groups on the vulnerability, symptoms, cure period, and severity among COVID-19 recovered patients. This cross-sectional study approached the participants from the Arab community via social media (mainly Facebook and WhatsApp).

Protective Effects of Low Dose Vorinostat on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Background And Aim: Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum [II]; CDDP) is the most widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy. The nephrotoxicity of CDDP is one of its major side effects. Vorinostat (VST) has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in bothin-vitro and in vivo models.

Zingiber officinale preserves testicular structure and the expression of androgen receptors and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in diabetic rats.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Zingiber officinale, commonly referred to as ginger, in preserving the structural integrity of testis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats compared to the efficacy of metformin, the traditional effective antidiabetic drug. STZ was utilised for the induction of diabetes mellitus in male Sprague Dawley rats. The study included five groups (n = 6 each), namely the normal control, ginger-treated normal, nontreated diabetic, metformin-treated diabetic and ginger-treated diabetic groups.

Both and Metformin Extract Improved the Function and Histological Structure of Thyroid Gland in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats through Antioxidant Mechanism.

There is increasing proof that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with the increased frequency of thyroid disturbances. Chamomile ( L.) herb and metformin showed therapeutic efficacy against polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Colon-Targeted Therapy of Tacrolimus (FK506) in the Treatment of Experimentally Induced Colitis.

Background/aims: Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic or remitting/relapsing intestinal inflammation, which comprises Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Severe UC is a life-threatening condition that requires corticosteroids (CS) as a first-line rescue therapy. Some patients are refractory to CS and may require alternative immunosuppressive therapy.

Biochemical and histological evidence of thyroid gland dysfunction in estradiol valerate model of the polycystic ovary in Wistar rats.

Thyroid defects and polycystic ovary (PSO) disease are prevalent endocrine problems among humans. While various studies investigated the ovarian function and histological alterations during estradiol valerate model of PCO, yet, there were no available studies examining thyroid gland function and histology. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate linkage between estradiol valerate-induced PCO and the development of thyroid dysfunction in rats.

The protective role of musk on salivary glands of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress.

This study assessed the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the structure of mouse salivary glands and the role of musk in alleviating this impact. Forty male albino mice were distributed equally into four groups; control (untreated), CUMS (exposed to CUMS for 4 weeks), CUMS+fluoxetine (FLU) (exposed to CUMS then treated with FLU, CUMS+musk (exposed to CUMS then treated with musk). Behavioral changes and serum corticosterone levels were assessed at the end of the experiment.

Impact of thymoquinone on cyclosporine A pharmacokinetics and toxicity in rodents.

Objectives: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosupprsant drug used to prevent graft rejection and in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Thyomquinone (TQ), a bioactive component of Nigella sativa, has strong antioxidant properties and has been used in prevention of many toxicities, hence its protective effect and pharmacokinetic interactions with CsA was investigated in this study.

Methods: For bioavailability study, the rats were divided into four groups: TQ (PO, 10 mg/kg) was given alone for 7 days, then TQ plus CsA for another 5 days, CsA was given by two routes (po) and (IP) in a dose of 10 mg/kg 1 h after administration of TQ.