Microwave-Assisted Palladium-Catalyzed Crossover-Annulation: Access to Fused Polycyclic Benzofuran Scaffolds.

This study demonstrates quick access to heteroatom-embodied complex fused polycyclic frameworks through a palladium-catalyzed domino process facilitated by microwave-assisted crossover annulation of -alkynylarylhalides and dihydrobenzofurans derivatives. The overall success of this process lies in the careful design of dihydrobenzofuran precursors that direct the initial palladium-mediated annulation step to proceed in a highly regioselective manner to furnish a single regioisomeric product. Notably, this one-pot method has witnessed good substrate scope and has furnished products with excellent yields.

A rapid pathway to molecular complexity: a palladium-catalyzed six-fold domino process to access polycyclic frameworks.

Herein, we present a hitherto unexplored efficient strategy for rapidly constructing structurally constrained and intriguing polycyclic frameworks with two adjacent quaternary centers. Remarkably, this becomes possible through palladium-catalyzed six-fold domino crossover annulations of simple 1,2-bis(2-bromoaryl)ethynes and 1,2-diarylethynes. Notably, this approach demonstrates the synthesis of both C-symmetric and unsymmetric polycyclic products.

Computational and binding studies of the redesigned pentoxifylline analogue against phosphodiesterases function in sperm.

Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a widely used pharmacological agent for the selection of motile sperm in both normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic ejaculates prior to their use in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), e.g. intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Toxicological evaluation of Salmonella phage NINP13076 in BALB/c mice: Histopathological studies.

Salmonella spp. represent a significant etiological agent of foodborne illnesses and constitute a notable public health challenge on a global scale. Effectively managing Salmonella contamination within the food supply chain is imperative, as it represents a significant threat to public health, potentially leading to severe illnesses with fatal consequences.

Exploring the use of COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests among displaced populations in Iraq: findings from a pilot project in four IDP camps.

Background: IOM piloted the use of Ag RDTs for COVID-19 in Iraq, in collaboration with FIND, the Global Alliance for Diagnostics, to facilitate access to testing and understand barriers and opportunities for testing in a displacement context. The purpose was to (i) evaluate the performance metrics of the Sure Status COVID-19 Antigen Card Test in this population; (ii) compare Ag RDT results across high- and low-probability cases, vaccination status, and symptom severity; and (iii) report participant perspectives on Ag RDT use for COVID-19 and other diseases.

Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted using de-identified cross-sectional data collected from November 2022-March 2023 in four IDP camps in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Evaluation of machine learning and deep learning models for daily air quality index prediction in Delhi city, India.

The air quality index (AQI), based on criteria for air contaminants, is defined to provide a shared vision of air quality. As air pollution continues to rise in global cities due to urbanization and climate change, air pollution monitoring and forecasting models for effective air quality monitoring that gather and forecast information about air pollution concentration are essential in every city. Air quality predictions have evolved to be more helpful for management.

Predicting poor functional outcomes for patients with large computed tomography perfusion core infarctions treated with endovascular thrombectomy.

Objective: Stroke patients with large core infarctions benefit from endovascular intervention, though only approximately 20% are functionally independent at 90 days. We studied prognostic factors for patients presenting with a large computed tomography perfusion (CTP) core.

Methods: Retrospective analysis from a health system stroke registry, including consecutive thrombectomy patients treated within 24 hours from August 2020-December 2022 with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and CTP core infarct ≥50 milliliters.

Digital Flexible Ureteroscope: Evaluating Factors Responsible for Damage and Implementing a Mandatory Certification Program for Usage.

Digital flexible ureteroscopes (DFUs) play a crucial role in endourological procedures, and scope breakages are often avoidable with proper measures in place. We aimed to evaluate the effect of mandatory training on DFU durability and to assess the influence of various factors on instrument damage. Mandatory training involving instructional videos on DFU care was introduced for all processing and operating room staff handling DFUs.

Aliphatic Nitrile Template Enabled -C-H Olefination of Indene Enoate Esters under Microwave Accelerating Conditions.

Site-selective activation of a particular remote C-H bond in molecules with multiple C-H bonds remains challenging in organic synthesis. In addition, evolving such transformations via the utilization of unconventional techniques is highly desirable. We demonstrated hitherto unexplored double bond geometry-guided and end-on nitrile-template-assisted -C-H functionalization of indene enoate esters under microwave-accelerated conditions.

Allergic potential & molecular mechanism of skin sensitization of cinnamaldehyde under environmental UVB exposure.

Fragrance, a key ingredient in cosmetics, often triggers skin allergy causes rashes, itching, dryness, and cracked or scaly skin. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), derived from the bark of the cinnamon tree, used as a fragrance and is a moderate skin sensitizer. CA exhibits strong UVB absorption, its allergic potential and the molecular mechanisms underlying skin sensitization under UVB exposure remain largely unexplored.

Electrochemical stereoselective borylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts to functionalized allylic boronates.

Herein, we disclose a highly efficient and facile electrochemical borylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts without using any metal catalyst. This methodology demonstrates excellent regio- and stereo-selectivity, leading to a wide range of functionalized -allylic boronates, including derivatives of ibuprofen and menthol. Under mild and straightforward conditions, this redox-neutral reaction, combined with the scalability and synthetic applications of the allylic boronate esters, underscores its potential for a wide range of applications in organic synthesis.

A scoping review of health systems resilience assessment frameworks.

Health system resilience is a prerequisite for effectively managing cataclysmic events adversely affecting health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic reasserted the importance of having resilient health systems and called for a relook at the existing framework that measures health system resilience. Mixed methods were used in this study.

Visible-Light-Mediated, Organophotocatalytic C-H Thiocyanation of Pyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines.

Herein, we report a metal-free, organophotoredox-catalyzed sustainable C-H thiocyanation of a biologically active class of N-heterocycles, pyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines, with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) using 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate as the photocatalyst (PC) and molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant under blue-light-emitting diode irradiation at room temperature. The developed catalytic protocol features mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, a high yield of products, and a straightforward scalability. Mechanistic studies revealed a radical pathway involving reductive quenching of the PC by KSCN.

Unaided Visual Inspection for Assessment of Penile Curvature in the Clinical Setting of Hypospadias Surgery: Survey of Members of Society of Pediatric Urology (India).

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of unaided visual inspection (UVI) to Software App measurement (SAM) of penile curvature (PC) during hypospadias surgery.

Methods: Seven clinical pictures of PC (15°-60°) taken during hypospadias repair were shared with 300 members of the Society of Pediatric Urology (India). The respondents were asked to assess the angles by UVI and indicate their preferred correction method of that PC.

Electrochemically driven regioselective construction of 4-sulfenyl-isochromenones from -alkynylbenzoates and diaryl disulfides.

Herein, we report a convenient and environmentally friendly electrochemical technique that enables the regioselective construction of 4-sulfenyl-1-isochromen-1-ones using readily available precursors such as -alkynyl benzoates and diaryl disulfides. This electrochemical process has been accomplished through constant current electrolysis in an undivided cell under external acid, catalyst, oxidant, or metal-free conditions. Owing to this protocol's mild reaction conditions, the products are obtained in good to very good yields, demonstrating a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance.

HFIP-Mediated, Highly Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Hydrofunctionalizations of Ynamides: Access to Stereodefined Alkenes Bearing Drugs and Natural Products.

We disclose a sustainable and versatile synthetic strategy for the highly chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective hydrofunctionalizations of ynamides, through its activation by a solvent, HFIP, to access a wide variety of stereodefined ketene ,, ,, ,, and , acetals in high yield at room temperature. The reaction proceeded through the formation of the reactive keteniminium ion intermediate, formed via protonation at the β-carbon of ynamide by HFIP, followed by an attack of a nucleophile (-addition) at the α-carbon. When ynamides are treated with only HFIP at room temperature, the HFIP addition products of ynamides are formed in a 100% atom-economic fashion; however, in the presence of a stronger -/-/-/-based nucleophile, the corresponding -hydroheterofunctionalized products are formed.

Solvent-Controlled, Atom-Economic, and Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Halo-Chalcogenations of Ynamides: Green Synthesis of Stereodefined Tetrasubstituted Alkenes Bearing Four Different Functional Groups.

The synthesis of stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkenes bearing four different functional groups is challenging. Herein, we disclose a 100% atom-economic and highly regio- and stereoselective halo-chalcogenations, in particular, chlorosulfenylation, bromosulfenylation, chloroselenation, and bromoselenation, of ynamides in toluene at room temperature under an aerobic atmosphere for the synthesis of a wide variety of stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkenes bearing four different functional groups in excellent yields. Notably, all the reactions are highly efficient and furnished the desired products in excellent yield (average yield >96%) and stereoselectivity (/ = 90:10 to >99:1) within a short time (15-30 min).

Biomimetic learning of hand gestures in a humanoid robot.

Hand gestures are a natural and intuitive form of communication, and integrating this communication method into robotic systems presents significant potential to improve human-robot collaboration. Recent advances in motor neuroscience have focused on replicating human hand movements from synergies also known as movement primitives. Synergies, fundamental building blocks of movement, serve as a potential strategy adapted by the central nervous system to generate and control movements.

Evaluation of the national AIDS program and HIV/AIDS surveillance system in Jordan.

Introduction: The National AIDS Program in Jordan has faced numerous challenges, including insufficient funding, limited resources, and complexities brought on by refugee influxes. The absence of a reliable HIV/AIDS surveillance system further complicates tracking and responding to the epidemic. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and functionality of the National AIDS Program and the HIV/AIDS surveillance system.

Examining the Longitudinal Effects of Insomnia on Depression and Medication Adherence in People Living with HIV.

Objective: The management of HIV has shifted from a focus solely on the disease to a broader perspective encompassing co-occurring medical conditions and quality of life. Mental health concerns such as depression and sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, are often overlooked in HIV care. The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal impact of insomnia on depression and medication adherence among (PLWH).