Transfer of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to a hyperosmotic environment is associated with sustained expression of prolactin receptor in intestine, gill, and kidney.

Expression of the tilapia prolactin receptor (tiPRL-R) has been characterized in the intestine of Oreochromis niloticus and the levels of both tiPRL-R transcripts and tiPRL binding sites have been further analyzed in this organ, as well as in gill and kidney, during adaptation of tilapia to a hyperosmotic environment. A single high-affinity binding site for tilapia PRL-I (tiPRL-I) was determined in full-length intestine by Scatchard analysis. A heterogeneous distribution of tiPRL-R was detected in this organ, with the posterior part always displaying a higher expression of both tiPRL-R transcript and tiPRL binding sites than the anterior and medial parts.

Stir bar sorptive extraction applied to the determination of dicarboximide fungicides in wine.

The dicarboximide fungicides vinclozolin, iprodione and procymidone were analyzed in white wines using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in combination with thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS analysis (TD-cGC-MS). The method was optimized using spiked water samples in a concentration range between 0.5 and 100 microg/l.

Capillary zone electrophoresis for the characterization of latex particles.

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was applied to the separation of acrylic styrene copolymer emulsion particles. Fast separations could be performed on samples containing chemically identical latex particles of different size, as well as on samples with particles of the same size but differing in chemical composition. The developed method was also used for the analysis of water soluble fractions of urethane dispersions.

Distribution of chimeric IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and IGFBP-4 in the rat heart: importance of C-terminal basic region.

IGF binding proteins-3 and -4, whether given in the perfused rat heart or given iv in the intact animal, cross the microvascular endothelium of the heart and distribute in subendothelial tissues. IGF binding protein-3, like IGF-I/II, localizes in cardiac muscle, with lesser concentrations in CT elements. In contrast, IGFBP-4 preferentially localizes in CT.

A point mutation in the IL-12R beta 2 gene underlies the IL-12 unresponsiveness of Lps-defective C57BL/10ScCr mice.

Lps-defective C57BL/10ScCr (Cr) mice are homozygous for a deletion encompassing Toll-like receptor 4 that makes them refractory to the biological activity of LPS. In addition, these mice exhibit an inherited IL-12 unresponsiveness resulting in impaired IFN-gamma responses to different microorganisms. By positional cloning methods, we show here that this second defect of Cr mice is due to a mutation in a single gene located on mouse chromosome 6, in close proximity to the Igkappa locus.

Practical evaluation of the influence of excessive sample concentration on the estimation of dissociation constants with affinity capillary electrophoresis.

A practical approach for the evaluation of binding constants with affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is presented using the different linear and nonlinear regression methods. The influence of the sample concentration on the different obtained curves is depicted and it is shown that the different representations should always be compared. The well-known strong molecular interaction between the macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin and a (D)-Ala-(D)-Ala terminating peptide is used as model in this study.

Two relatively distinct patterns of ameloblastoma: an anti-apoptotic proliferating site in the outer layer (periphery) and a pro-apoptotic differentiating site in the inner layer (centre).

Aims: This study was performed to determine the apoptotic behaviour of ameloblastomas by analysing the role of bcl-2 family proteins in ameloblastomas and the location of terminally apoptotic cells in the ameloblastoma epithelial tissues.

Methods And Results: For immunohistochemistry, tissue sections of 32 patients were treated with an antigen-retrieval

Method: Primary antibodies against the apoptosis-related proteins, bcl-2, bcl-X, bax, and bak were applied. Besides immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and TUNEL were also performed.

Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor differentially modulate early postnatal coronary angiogenesis.

The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF [FGF-2]) in early postnatal regulation of coronary angiogenesis were investigated by administering neutralizing antibodies to these growth factors between postnatal days 5 and 12. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting both revealed decreases in VEGF protein in the hearts of rats treated with either antibody. In contrast, bFGF mRNA increased in both treated groups, whereas VEGF mRNA was unchanged.

Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in human sperm.

Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was applied to the enrichment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from human sperm. The seven Ballschmiter PCBs were used as model compounds. The extracted PCBs were then thermally desorbed from the stir bar and analysed on-line by capillary gas chromatography (CGC) with mass spectrometric detection (MS).

Asymmetric induction in intramolecular meta photocycloaddition: cyclodextrin-mediated solid-phase photochemistry of various phenoxyalkenes.

[reaction: see text]. An approach to the asymmetric intramolecular meta photocycloaddition of phenoxyalkenes is described. The beta-cyclodextrin complexes of several phenoxyalkenes have been synthesized and irradiated in the solid phase.

Growth characteristics of ameloblastoma involving the inferior alveolar nerve: a clinical and histopathologic study.

Objective: Growth characteristics of ameloblastomas involving the inferior alveolar nerve were examined to determine the most appropriate surgical management of the nerve at the time of the surgical procedure.

Study Design: Clinical and histopathologic examinations were performed on 22 resected mandibles in which the inferior alveolar nerve was lying adjacent to, or contained within, the tumor.

Results: Patterns of tumor involvement of the nerve bundle were evaluated with respect to the presence of bone (11 patients) or connective tissue wall (7 patients) between the tumor and the nerve bundle, and tumor infiltration of perineural connective tissue (4 patients).

Stir bar sorptive extraction for the determination of ppq-level traces of organotin compounds in environmental samples with thermal desorption-capillary gas chromatography--ICP mass spectrometry.

The extraction and preconcentration capabilities of a new extraction technique, stir bar sorptive extraction, were combined with the separation power of capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and the low limits of detection (LODs) of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for the determination of the organotin compounds tributyltin (TBuT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) in aqueous standard solutions, harbor water, and mussels (after digestion with tetramethylammonium hydroxide). Throughout, tripropyltin for TBuT and tricyclohexyltin for TPhT were used as internal standards to correct for variations in the derivatization and extraction efficiency. Calibration was accomplished by means of single standard addition.

Monitoring of isothiocyanates emanating from Arabidopsis thaliana upon paraquat spraying.

Arabidopsis thaliana plants were sprayed with the superoxide-generating herbicide paraquat. The headspace of sprayed plants was characterized by a number of compounds, which were absent in the headspace of untreated plants. They were identified as isothiocyanates (ITCs) with 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate as main compound.

Pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polyvinyl chloride traces in solid environmental samples.

A novel method based on pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CGC-MS) was developed for the quantitative analysis of polyvinylchloride (PVC) in solid environmental samples like sludge and dust. The samples are extracted and the extract is fractionated by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Possibly interfering biological and frequently occuring synthetic polymers are removed by this clean-up.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of PCNA and Ki-67 in ameloblastoma.

Thirty-two ameloblastoma tissues were immunohistochemically studied using monoclonal anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and anti-Ki-67 antibodies. Positive cells were evaluated and analyzed in relation to the WHO classification, cytological pattern of the outer layer cell, clinical appearance, tumor location, radiographic appearance and patient's age. In regard to the cytological pattern of the outer layer cells, the basal cell type had significantly higher PCNA and Ki-67 (P<0.

Evidence of rainbow trout prolactin interaction with its receptor through unstable homodimerisation.

This study aims to characterise Prolactin receptor (PRLR) in rainbow trout for which no information is available despite the availability of Salmonid PRL preparations. By screening a freshwater rainbow trout intestine cDNA library with a probe corresponding to the extracellular domain (ECD) of tilapia PRLR, we have cloned a 2.5 kb insert coding for the PRLR.

Molecular characterization of the prolactin receptor in two fish species, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: a comparative approach.

We present recent information on the molecular characterization of the prolactin receptor (PRL-R) in two teleost species, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), in the perspective of improved understanding of the physiological differences in the control of osmoregulatory function between these two fish species. Although our interest will mainly focus on osmoregulatory organs, we will also discuss evidence of the presence of PRL-R in other tissues such as gonads and hematopoietic organs. The first fish PRL-R was characterized in tilapia.

Interinstitutional study to compare the effectiveness of a radiology-anatomy module of instruction.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate the effectiveness of a proven radiology-anatomy instructional module during I st-year gross anatomy courses at Emory University College of Medicine and the University of Iowa College of Medicine.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study involved 108 Emory students and 177 Iowa students. The instructional content was the same at both institutions.

Expression of the prolactin receptor (tiPRL-R) gene in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: tissue distribution and cellular localization in osmoregulatory organs.

The expression of the prolactin receptor (PRL-R) gene has been investigated in various tissues of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in fresh or brackish water. Using a cDNA probe spanning the extracellular domain of the tilapia PRL-R and Northern blot analysis, the presence of tilapia PRL-R mRNA has been confirmed in the osmoregulatory organs and has been detected in other tissues, including the skin, the brain, the reproductive organs, and the two major hematopoietic organs (spleen and head kidney), as well as circulating lymphocytes. These findings suggest a conservation of the physiological processes regulated by prolactin throughout the vertebrates, including immunity and central nervous activity.

Quantitative determination of selected tricyclic biological active compounds by using capillary electrophoresis.

Five tricyclic antidepressants: imipramine hydrochloride, noxiptilin hydrochloride, hydroxyzine dihydrochloride, diethiazine hydrochloride and amitryptyline hydrochloride were determined by the capillary electrophoresis method. The determinations were performed by using a fused sillica capillary (60 cm x 50 microns i.d.

Automated capillary gas chromatographic system to monitor ethylene emitted from biological materials.

An automated capillary gas chromatographic system to measure ethylene emitted from biological materials is presented. The system consists of an on-line sampling device, a thermodesorption preconcentration apparatus and a capillary gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detection system. The limit of detection achievable on the GC system alone is 5 pg ethylene.

On the calculation of Gibbs energy corresponding to enantioselective interactions at a direct HRGC separation of enantiomers.

A novel procedure is proposed for the calculation of Gibbs energy corresponding to enantiospecific interactions of 2-(2, 4-dinitrophenoxy)-, 2-phenoxy-, and 2-halogen-n-pentane enantiomers with a beta-cyclodextrin (ChirasilDex) stationary phase under gas chromatographic conditions. This energy is calculated from retention data as a difference between the Gibbs energy of an enantiomer and its corresponding achiral congener. The procedure for the determination of 2-(2,4-dinitrophenoxy)-, 2-phenoxy- and 2-halogen- n-pentane achiral congener retention data is discussed in detail.

On the performance and inertness of different materials used for the enrichment of sulfur compounds from air and gaseous samples.

The performance of the sorbent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is compared to that of the adsorbents Carbotrap and Tenax for the enrichment of volatile and reactive sulfur compounds. These included: 1- and 2-propanethiol, tetrahydrothiophene, 2-thioethanol and 2-ethylthioethanol. Several artifact-forming reactions were identified on both Tenax and Carbotrap including: H2S elimination and dimerization of thiols.

Applications of capillary electrochromatography.

Applications performed by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) in all its modes, namely packed column CEC (packed-CEC), open tubular CEC (OT-CEC) and pressure-assisted CEC (pseudo-CEC), and published by June 1999 are reviewed. The review is divided into (i) separation of neutral, acidic and basic analytes with the main goal of evaluating column and system performance, (ii) separation according to field of application and/or chemical class, and (iii) separation of chiral analytes.