The Effect of Spinach () on the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of Warfarin in New Zealand White Rabbits.

Introductions: Spinach () is a green vegetable containing 380 μg/100 g of vitamin K, while warfarin serves as an antagonist in inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase subunit C1 (VKORC). In this context, the co-administration of warfarin and spinach is frequently encountered among Indonesian patients, potentially leading to drug-food interactions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of concomitant administration of spinach on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of warfarin in New Zealand White rabbits.

Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Warfarin Dosing Algorithm for Cardiovascular Patients in Indonesia: A Tailored Method to Anticoagulation Therapy.

Purpose: Warfarin is an anticoagulant drug widely used for treating thromboembolism-related conditions. The main challenge with this drug is the high variability in patients response, which is influenced by both clinical, non-clinical, and genetic factors, such as , and . Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the impact of clinical and genetic factors on warfarin dose adjustment and to develop a dosing algorithm for patients with cardiovascular disease.

Optimizing chemically stable chloramphenicol in-situ gel formulations using poloxamer 407 and HPMC through full-factorial design.

The primary goal was to enhance the stability and bioavailability of chloramphenicol for ophthalmic use without compromising patient comfort, such as causing blurry vision. This study employed a 2-level full factorial design to optimize the formulation, exploring different concentrations of poloxamer 407 and HPMC to achieve this objective.

Comparative effects of dietary zinc nanoparticle and conventional zinc supplementation on broiler chickens: A meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: Zinc (Zn) is important for various physiological processes in broiler chickens, including protein and carbohydrate metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The gastrointestinal absorption of Zn in broiler chickens was notably low. One approach that has been explored for enhancing the bioavailability of Zn is the development of Zn nanoparticles (NPs).

Gene polymorphism impact on opioid analgesic usage.

Acute pain, moderate-to-severe cancer pain, and persistent malignant pain are all frequently treated with opioids. It is regarded as one of the main tenets of analgesic treatment. The relationship between human opioid sensitivity and genetic polymorphism differences has received little attention up to this point in research.

Systematic review: genetic polymorphisms in the pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.

Variations in pharmacokinetic responses to high-dose methotrexate are essential for the prognosis and management of toxicity in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate genetic polymorphisms that are significantly associated with the pharmacokinetic parameters of methotrexate during the consolidation phase of pediatric ALL treatment. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed the literature from 2013 to 2023.

Validation of R/S-Warfarin Analysis Method in Human Blood Plasma Using HPLC with Fluorescence Detection and its Application to Patient Samples.

Context: Warfarin is extensively used for venous thromboembolism and other coagulopathies. In clinical settings, warfarin is administered as a mixture of S-warfarin and R-warfarin, and both enantiomers are metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes into many hydroxylation metabolites. Validation of analysis method and estimation of warfarin plasma levels are important, especially in narrow-index drugs such as warfarin.

Finding a Link between Obesity and Senescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cell aging is associated with changes in telomeres due to DNA damage arising from chronic inflammation in obese patients. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to find the relationship between obesity and aging or senescence.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted through PRISMA guideline, beginning with literature search within 2012-2022 in several databases (PubMed, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane) followed by screening process using predetermined PICO criteria.

Body weight prediction of Belgian Blue crossbred using random forest.

Objective: The aim of this study was to predict the body weight (BW) of a Belgian Blue X Friesian Holstein (BB X FH) crossbred in Indonesia based on morphometrics using random forest.

Materials And Methods: A total of 26 BB X FH crossbreds were observed for BW, chest weight (CW), body length (BL), hip height (HH), wither height (WH), and chest girth (CG) from 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 days of age. Stepwise regression and random forest were performed using R 3.

The anti-obesity properties of leaf extract in rats fed a high-fat diet through inhibition of adipogenesis.

Objective: Various disease complications are a risk of overweight or obesity, so losing weight can reduce the risk of diseases caused by obesity. Binahong leaf ethanol extract () is a weight-loss herbal preparation.

Aim: This study aims to analyze whether extract is effective in losing weight by affecting the mechanism of adipogenesis in an animal obesity model.

The potential of Andaliman ( DC) fruit as an ethanol extract for neuroprotection in aged model rat.

Objective: Dementia is a common aging-related neurodegenerative disease in the elderly worldwide. Alterations in neurogenesis and angiogenesis factors have been linked to cognitive impairment in neurological disorders. However, synthetic drugs to improve memory disorders have uncomfortable side effects.

Towards halal pharmaceutical: Exploring alternatives to animal-based ingredients.

Halal is a crucial concept for Muslim consumers regarding consumed products, including pharmaceutical ingredients, which are essential in modern medicine. To address the issue of using porcine-sourced ingredients in pharmaceuticals, it is essential to search for halal alternatives derived from poultry, animal by-products from meat processing, marine sources, and plants. However, the complexity of this problem is further compounded by the rapid advances in innovation and technology, which can lead to adulteration of ingredients derived from pigs.

Validation of bioanalytical method for quantification of Vitamin K2 (MK-4) in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet.

Vitamin K can reduce warfarin's anticoagulant action, causing a variance in response among individuals taking warfarin. Vitamin K comes in two forms, namely Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinones). Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is a kind of Vitamin K2 found in meat and dairy products.

Comparative Study of In Situ Gel Formulation Based on the Physico-Chemical Aspect: Systematic Review.

In recent years, in situ gel delivery systems have received a great deal of attention among pharmacists. The in situ gelation mechanism has several advantages over ointments, the most notable being the ability to provide regular and continuous drug delivery with no impact on visual clarity. Bioavailability, penetration, duration, and maximum medication efficacy are all improved by this mechanism.

A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia.

Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically.

Citizens' perception of and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination in Medan. Indonesia.

One of the efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic is through vaccination, which is targeted to build immunity and prevent severe disease and finally to control transmission. This study aimed to analyze the perception of and the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among citizens of Medan. This research is an analytic study with a cross-sectional research design.

What Contributes to Palliative Care Practice in Cancer Patients in Indonesia.

Background: Palliative care has an important role in cancer treatment. It has been established in Indonesia for years, however, palliative care does not give significant improvements which may due to the numerous components of palliative care.

Objective: This research aims to identify factors affecting palliative care in Indonesia.

Potential Benefits of and Gel for Prevention of Radiation-Induced Dermatitis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

Background: The main therapy for head and neck cancer is radiation, and one of the toxic effects of radiation is radiation dermatitis. is a species of succulent plant of the genus , widely used in cosmetic and skin care products, as well as daikon (), which is high in antioxidants.

Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of and daikon gel combination in head and neck cancer patients to prevent radiation-induced dermatitis.

Evaluation of adverse drug reaction in patients warfarin therapy.

This research aimed to understand the adverse drug reaction (ADR) in heart disease outpatients who were administered warfarin at a hospital in Bandung city. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional design with an observational approach. Subsequently, data were collected from 74 patients who met the inclusion criteria.

Risk of Cardiovascular Complication Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Medan, Indonesia. A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a disease associated with impaired heart and blood vessel function. The occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is due to an imbalance in blood glucose that could cause damage to large and small blood vessels and increase platelet aggregation, contributing to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. It could be attributed to high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of movement, obesity, high cholesterol, unbalanced diet.

Exploring the Potential of Poguntano Extract on Diabetes Management: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Poguntano () is a traditional herb commonly used as a blood glucose lowering agent in Indonesia. However, the effectiveness of the herb has not yet been established.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to review the hypoglycemic effect of Poguntano extract in lowering plasma glucose levels.

The Assessment Metabolic Markers and Cardio Risk Index Among Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Primary Health Clinics in Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder affecting people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus has been known to be associated with lipid metabolic disorders and macrovascular and microvascular complications.

Objective: This study assesses the correlation between cardio risk index and metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Curcumin: Boosting the immunity of COVID-19-vaccinated populations.

The ongoing, highly infectious COVID-19 pandemic has prompted various drugs, vaccines, and phytochemical research to control the disease. The accelerated development of vaccines showed the importance of immune boosters against the virus. This study aims to elucidate the role of curcumin, a phytochemical with an immunoediting profile potentially able to boost immunity after vaccination.

The Effect of Hypoxia Inducible Factor -1 Alpha and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level in Type 2 Diabetes Microvascular Complications and Development.

Background: Angiogenesis in diabetic patients is often caused by hyperglycemia induced by hypoxia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the serum level of Hypoxia Inducible Factor -1α (HIF-1α) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) between March until Desember 2020.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytic methods, 135 patients with Type 2 Diabetes 48 samples with Microvascular complication and 87 samples with non-microvascular complication were recruited from the various primary health care centers in Medan city and surrounding areas in North Sumatera.