Screening for retinopathy of prematurity in China: a five-year cohort study in seven screening centers.

Background: To analyze the demographic characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in China, attempting to propose optimized screening criteria and hopefully providing valuable information for future updates to the ROP guideline.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective-cohort study was conducted. The study included infants born between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2023, who underwent ROP screening and were diagnosed with ROP at seven screening centers in China.

A kidney protection nanoparticle based on Alpinia oxyphylla fructus polysaccharide by modulating macrophage polarization.

The use of natural polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine as carrier materials has great potentiality in drug delivery. Nootkatone (NKT) demonstrated good pharmacological activity in treating kidney injury, but its solubility and bioavailability are not very good which may affect the effectiveness of its therapeutic effect. Alpinia oxyphylla fructus polysaccharide (AOP), as a plant polysaccharide, has multiple pharmacological activities and may help to provide synergy for NKT.

Facilitating microglia M2 polarization alleviates p-Synephrine-induced depressive-like behaviours in CSDS mice via the 5-HT6R-FYN-ERK1/2 pathway.

In recent years, modulation of microglial phenotype transformation has emerged as a promising strategy for treating central nervous system disorders. Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), a traditional Chinese medicine with versatile applications, contains p-Synephrine (p-SYN) as its principal bioactive compound, recognized for its anti-inflammatory efficacy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear.

Comparative efficacy of multiple non-invasive brain stimulation to treat major depressive disorder in older patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis study based on randomized controlled trials.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent among older patients and is frequently associated with cognitive decline and a reduced quality of life. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques show promise for treating MDD, but their comparative efficacy and safety older populations remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and cognitive effects of various NIBS techniques in treating MDD in older patients.

[Explanation and interpretation of the compilation of neonatal blood transfusion in the national health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion"].

In order to guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has released the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Considering the physiological particularities of the neonatal period, blood transfusion practices for neonates are more complex than those for other children, the guidelines include a separate chapter dedicated to neonatal blood transfusion. This paper interprets the background and evidence for the compilation of the neonatal blood transfusion provisions, hoping to aid in the understanding and implementation of the neonatal blood transfusion section of the guidelines.

Curcumin-Modified Selenium Nanoparticles Improve S180 Tumour Therapy in Mice by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Chemotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to synthesize curcumin-modified selenium (Cur/Se) nanoparticles via a simple and green method for tumour treatment and explore their effects on the gut microbiota.

Methods: Curcumin was applied as a reducing and capping agent for the construction of Cur/Se nanoparticles with Tween 80 as a stabilizer. The drug release behaviour and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the Cur/Se nanoparticles were detected.

A meta-analytic study of complex exercise interventions for cognitive performance in older adults.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of complex exercise on cognitive ability of the elderly.

Study Design: By means of literature screening and quality assessment, high-quality studies were extracted to comprehensively analyze the effects of complex exercise on cognitive ability of the elderly.

Method: By searching databases such as Web of Science and CNKI, we integrated experimental studies on the effects of complex exercise on cognitive ability in the elderly, conducted literature quality assessment according to Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and conducted meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.

Modeling ncRNA-Mediated Circuits in Cell Fate Decision: From Systems Biology to Synthetic Biology.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play critical roles in essential cell fate decisions. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying ncRNA-mediated bistable switches remain elusive and controversial. In recent years, systematic mathematical and quantitative experimental analyses have made significant contributions to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of controlling ncRNA-mediated cell fate decision processes.

Evaluation of the buffer-blocking capacity of acrocarpous moss Campylopus schmidii as candidate for copper and cadmium migration.

This study evaluates the ability of Campylopus schmidii to inhibit the horizontal migration of copper and cadmium under simulated acid rain conditions. Experiments at varying pH levels (3.6, 4.

Active cytomegalovirus infection in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis.

Background: Active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with poor prognosis in septic patients with critical illness. Patients of septic category are highly likely to benefit from prophylactic antiviral therapy. Nevertheless, the clinical characteristics for CMV reactivation are lacking among septic patients requiring mechanical ventilation.

Implications of prenatal exposure to hyperandrogen for hippocampal neurodevelopment and autism-like behavior in offspring.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that significantly jeopardizes the physical and mental well-being of children. Autism spectrum disorder results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Hyperandrogenic exposure during pregnancy increases their risk of developing autism.

Reticulophagy promotes EMT-induced fibrosis in offspring's lung tissue after maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticles during gestation by a mC-dependent manner.

Accumulating evidence indicates that maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) during gestation can induce multiple system abnormalities in offspring, whereas its potential mechanism in respiratory disease is still largely unknown. In order to explore the effect of maternal exposure to CBNPs on offspring's lung and latent pathogenesis, we respectively established in vivo model of pregnant rats exposed to CBNPs and ex vivo model of lung epithelial cells treated with pups' serum of pregnant rats exposed to CBNPs. After maternal exposure to CBNPs, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis levels increased as a result of DDRGK1-mediated reticulophagy upregulated in offspring's lung.

A Simulation and Training Platform for Remote-Sighted Assistance.

Remote-sighted assistance (RSA) is a technology designed to provide assistance for visually impaired people (VIPs). In this scene, a remote-sighted agent communicates and sends commands to navigate and assist VIPs via real-time video sent back. However, the latency in real-time video and the deviation in the execution of instructions by VIPs are two important factors that affect the performance of agents to guide them.

Integration and Differentiation of Transplanted Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cell Precursors in Murine Retinas.

Optic neuropathy such as glaucoma, stemming from retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, is a leading cause of visual impairment. Given the substantial loss of RGCs preceding clinical detection of visual impairment, cell replacement therapy emerges as a compelling treatment strategy. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) serve as invaluable tools for exploring the developmental processes and pathological mechanisms associated with human RGCs.

Pancreatic β cell interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha 1 deficiency impairs β cell function in type 2 diabetes via cytochrome b5 reductase 3.

Impaired β cell function is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying cellular signaling machineries that regulate β cell function remain unknown. Here, we identify that the interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha 1 (IL-22RA1), known as a co-receptor for IL-22, is downregulated in human and mouse T2D β cells. Mice with β cell Il22ra1 knockout (Il22ra1βKO) exhibit defective insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance after being fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD/low dose of streptozotocin (STZ).

Screening of an Antibacterial and Coagulation Multifunctional Peptide and Its Application in Wound Healing.

As a new type of drug developed in the era of antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have great potential in antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor aspects. Different from the principle of action of antibiotics, AMPs have a better effect on resisting drug-resistant bacteria. We synthesized a peptide library using solid-phase synthesis and successfully screened the antimicrobial peptide RKGAK.

Efficacy and safety of combined low-dose rituximab regimen for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of combined low-dose rituximab with conventional therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) treatment.

Methods: Total 73 patients with CIDP were enrolled for the retrospective cohort study, and divided into conventional first-line therapy cohort (n = 40) and combined low-dose rituximab (100 mg per infusion) cohort (n = 33). The outcome measures include scores of I-RODS, mRS, INCAT, ONLS, TSS, and COMPASS 31 scale at baseline and regular four visits (4, 16, 28, and 52 weeks), as well as proportion of favorable response and outcome, corticosteroids dosage, and deterioration occurrence during follow-up.

S100A4 exerts neuroprotective effects by attenuating blood-brain barrier disruption and oxidative stress via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 axis in ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, with oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury playing crucial roles in its pathogenesis. Our RNA sequencing results revealed that S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) is highly expressed in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. We analyzed S100A4 expression in ischemic stroke patients and in mice subjected to the MCAO model.

Cardiac cement embolism and asymptomatic pulmonary embolism caused by percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fracture: a case report.

Background: As society ages, the incidence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures steadily rises. Procedures like percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) have proven effective in significantly relieving pain in patients with these fractures. While PKP and PVP are minimally invasive, complications can still occur.

Mitigating Winner-Take-All Resource Competition through Antithetic Control Mechanism.

Competition among genes for limited transcriptional and translational resources impairs the functionality and modularity of synthetic gene circuits. Traditional control mechanisms, such as feedforward and negative feedback loops, have been proposed to alleviate these challenges, but they often focus on individual modules or inadvertently increase the burden on the system. In this study, we introduce three novel multimodule control strategies─local regulation, global regulation, and negatively competitive regulation (NCR)─that employ an antithetic regulatory mechanism to mitigate resource competition.

A comparative study of GPT-4o and human ophthalmologists in glaucoma diagnosis.

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models like GPT-4o, holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in healthcare. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of GPT-4o compared to human ophthalmologists in glaucoma cases. A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care ophthalmology center.