The concentration of androgen receptor and protein kinase A in male chicken following the administration of a combination of the epididymis and testicular extracts.

Background And Aim: Testis (T) and epididymis (E) are waste from the abattoir that is rarely used. In fact, both organs contain important chemicals needed for spermatogenesis (e.g.

Chemical Compounds of Malacca Leaf () after Triple Extraction with N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Ethanol.

Malacca () is one of the plants that is often by the community in the Aceh Besar district of Indonesia as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungals, antivirals, antimutagenic, antimalaria, and antiallergic. This research was conducted to analyze the content of chemical compounds in the ethanol extract of the Malacca leaf (EEDM) using a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). Malacca leaves were extracted by the maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol.

Toxicity and Organ Distribution of Mercury in Freshwater Fish () after Exposure to Water Contaminated Mercury (HgII).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity and the distribution of mercury (Hg) in the main tissues of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after being exposed to water containing Hg(II). A sample group of 10 fish, of mean weight 80-100 g wet weight, were exposed to different concentrations of Hg (0.0012; 0.

The concentration of testosterone, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, and protamine 1 in the serum of male chicken following administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination.

Bakcground And Aim: Testis and epididymis are male reproductive organs that play an important role in spermatogenesis These two organs are rich in the content of hormones and other molecules needed in the process of spermatogenesis which affect the quality of the spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination on testosterone, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and protamine 1 (PRM1) concentrations in the serum of male chicken.

Materials And Methods: Twenty male chickens (broiler strain Cp707), aged 3 weeks and weighing 800-1000 g, were randomly divided into four different groups including a control group (T0) = injected with 1 ml normal saline and treatment groups: T1 = injected with 1 ml epididymis extract, T2 = injected with 1 ml testicular extract, and T3 = injected with a combination of 1 ml epididymis + 1 ml testicular extract.

Cuticular surface damage of adult worms treated with betel nuts extract .

Aim: The objective of this research was to evaluate the cuticular surface damage of adult worms treated with ethanolic extract of betel nuts .

Materials And Methods: Phytochemical screening was done using FeCl, Wagner and Dragendorff reagents, NaOH, MgHCl, and Liebermann-Burchard reaction test. Amount of 16 worms were segregated into four groups with three replicates.