Cell Proliferation and Cell Death Levels in the Dentate Gyrus Correlate with Home Range Size Among Adult Male Meadow Voles.

Neurogenesis occurs throughout adulthood within the dentate gyrus, and evidence indicates that these new neurons play a critical role in both spatial and social memory. However, a vast majority of past research on adult neurogenesis has involved experiments with captive mice and rats, making the generalizability of results to natural settings questionable. We assessed the connection between adult neurogenesis and memory by measuring the home range size of wild-caught, free-ranging meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).

Illuminating the Use of Trauma Whole-Body CT Scan During the Global Contrast Shortage.

Background: Use of whole-body CT scan (WBCT) is widespread in the evaluation of traumatically injured patients and may be associated with improved survival. WBCT protocols include the use of IV contrast unless there is a contraindication. This study tests the hypothesis that using plain WBCT scan during the global contrast shortage would result in greater need for repeat contrast-enhanced CT, but would not impact mortality, missed injuries, or rates of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Dose-dependent effects of testosterone on spatial learning strategies and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in male rats.

Studies suggest that males outperform females on some spatial tasks. This may be due to the effects of sex steroids on spatial strategy preferences. Past experiments with male rats have demonstrated that low doses of testosterone bias them toward a response strategy, whereas high doses of testosterone bias them toward a place strategy.

Testosterone replacement causes dose-dependent improvements in spatial memory among aged male rats.

Testosterone has been shown to have dose-dependent effects on spatial memory in males, but the effects of aging upon this relationship remain unclear. Additionally, the mechanism by which testosterone regulates memory is unknown, but may involve changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) within specific brain regions. We tested the effects of age and testosterone on spatial memory among male rats using two spatial memory tasks: an object-location memory task (OLMT) and the radial-arm maze (RAM).

Persistent Incontinence Following Surgery for Ureteric Triplication With Contralateral Duplication-A Management Dilemma.

Ureteral triplication is a rare congenital anomaly of urinary tract with wide spectrum of presentation. The presentation with incontinence has usually been taken as a sign of ureteral ectopia in these cases. However, ectopia cannot explain all cases with incontinence.

Evaluation of Effect of Zirconia Surface Treatment, Using Plasma of Argon and Silane, on the Shear Bond Strength of Two Composite Resin Cements.

Introduction: Yttria stabilised tetragonal zirconia opens new vistas for all ceramic restoration by the mechanism of transformation toughening, making it much stronger compared to all other ceramic materials. Currently, it is the most recent core material for all ceramic fixed partial dentures due to its ability to withstand high simulated masticatory loads. Problems which have been reported with zirconia restorations involve the core cement interface leading to loss of retention of the prosthesis.

Epididymo-testicular malacoplakia--a case report.

Malacoplakia is one of the rare, chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the epididymis and testis. Diagnosis of the same is important as the treatment differs from the other granulomatous lesions in this area. We present a case of malacoplakia involving both the epididymis and testis with a brief review of literature.

Endoscopic laser excision in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis.

Sixteen cases of Chronic laryngotracheal stensis were included in the study. They underwent endoscopic CO(2) laser excision of the stenotic segment. Three patients were decannulated.

Radiological evaluation of chronic laryngotracheal stenosis.

Sixteen cases of chronic laryngotracheal stenosis were assessed. They underwent complete ENT evaluation including indirect laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy and tracheoscopy. Preoperatively plain X-ray of soft tissue neck and computed tomography (CT) was done.

Squamous metaplasia in a multinodular goiter: a case report.

Squamous epithelium in thyroid is an unusual finding. It is seen in a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. It's presence has been attributed to metaplastic change of follicular epithelium by some authors and to the persistence of ultimobranchial body by others.

Management of laryngotracheal stenosis using dilatation and stenting.

14 patients of chronic lai yngotracheal stenosis were studied They underwent dilatation land stenting follonmg GO laser excision of the stenotic segment 70% patients had improvement in airway and voice was improved in 64% of the patients.

A decade experience with infrainguinal revascularization in a dialysis-dependent patient population.

Objective: Although previous series have reported outcomes of lower extremity (LE) revascularization in patients with end-stage renal disease, the issue of LE bypass for limb salvage in this group has not been resolved. We herein present the largest series to date of a 10-year single-institution experience with LE bypass in patients with dialysis dependence.

Methods: With prospectively entered data from a university teaching hospital's vascular registry, we reviewed the records of all patients with dialysis dependence who underwent LE arterial bypass between January 1, 1990, and May 31, 1999.

Simultaneous angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition moderates ventricular dysfunction caused by doxorubicin.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine that the administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril would confer protection against doxorubicin-induced experimental heart failure, and attenuate the development of left ventricular dysfunction.

Methods: Seventeen dogs were chronically instrumented with an intracoronary catheter and received doxorubicin weekly for 4 weeks. Animals were assigned to two groups: group 1: untreated heart failure; and group 2: simultaneous enalapril administration (5 mg twice a week).

Endovascular stent-graft treatment of a ruptured thoracic aortic ulcer.

Purpose: To describe a ruptured ulcer of the descending thoracic aorta treated with an endovascular stent-graft deployed under transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) guidance.

Case Report: An 82-year-old man with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure presented with sharp pain in the back radiating to the left flank. Computed tomography (CT) and angiography demonstrated a penetrating ulcer of the descending thoracic aorta associated with aortic dissection commencing 6 cm from the origin of the left subclavian artery with extravasation of contrast outside the aortic wall.

Anxiety disorders comorbidity in mood disorder subgroups: data from a mood disorders clinic.

Background: Previous research has identified a high rate of anxiety disorders comorbidity in patients with a primary mood disorder diagnosis. Discrepancies between studies in the comorbidity prevalence of specific anxiety disorders in mood disorders, and of anxiety disorders comorbidity between unipolar depression and bipolar mood disorder are in part due to differences in sampling and diagnostic assessment methodology.

Method: The authors reviewed the charts of 138 patients who received the SCID-P for DSM-III on enrollment in a Mood Disorders Clinic during the period 1982 through 1988.

Prothrombotic Consequences of the Oxidation of Fibrinogen and their Inhibition by Aspirin.

Oxidant stress leads to covalent oxidative modification of several plasma proteins, chief among which is fibrinogen. Aspirin can nonenzymatically acetylate fibrinogen's lysine residues, the functional groups most susceptible to oxidative modification. Because oxidation of fibrinogen may occur in the atheromatous environment, we studied the effects of oxidative modification on fibrinogen function and the consequences of acetylation by aspirin on fibrinogen's susceptibility to oxidation and functional properties.

Experimental cardiomyopathy as a model of chronic heart failure.

End-stage heart disease is a major health care issue and it represents one of the most costly diseases. Several experimental heart failure models have been developed; however, a single model is not widely accepted as representative of clinical heart failure. The doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy model was used in the current study to address two issues: 1) to define a standardized dose regimen of intracoronary doxorubicin infusion; and 2) to establish a method of determining the onset and time course of heart failure.

Cardiac binding in experimental heart failure.

Background: Cardiomyoplasty is a potential therapy for heart failure. Its benefits are attributed to systolic augmentation (dynamic cardiomyoplasty) and prevention of cardiac dilatation (static cardiomyoplasty). To evaluate the static component, we used an artificial membrane for cardiac binding in a canine model of heart failure.

Detection of S-nitrosothiols and other nitric oxide derivatives by photolysis-chemiluminescence spectrometry.

We have developed a method for the detection of biologically relevant derivatives of NO. that couples photolysis to chemiluminescence. S-Nitrosothiols, N-nitroso-L-tryptophan, and iron-nitrosyl derivatives can all be detected by this methodology, and these derivatives can be distinguished from free NO.

Endogenous nitrogen oxides and bronchodilator S-nitrosothiols in human airways.

Recent discoveries suggesting essential bioactivities of nitric oxide (NO.) in the lung are difficult to reconcile with the established pulmonary cytotoxicity of this common air pollutant. These conflicting observations suggest that metabolic intermediaries may exist in the lung to modulate the bioactivity and toxicity of NO.