[Generating pancreatic islets organoids: Langerhanoids].

The extension of islet transplantation to a wider number of Type 1 diabetic patients is compromised by the scarcity of donors, the reduced ex vivo survival of pancreatic islets and the use of immunosuppressive treatments. Islets of Langerhans isolated from brain-dead donors are currently the only cell source for transplantation. Thus, it is crucial to find an alternative and an abundant source of functional insulin secreting cells not only for clinical use but also for the development of research dedicated to the screening of drugs and to the development of new therapeutic targets.

Determinants of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes African patients monitored by physicians from 1991 to 2004 in Cote d'Ivoire.

The aim of this study was to propose determinants of glycaemic control which are useful to adequately manage the healthcare of type 2 diabetes patients attending an out-patient clinic. A retrospective, descriptive research design was implemented at the Centre AntiDiabétique d'Abidjan in 2399 African patients. Glycaemic control was calculated from the average of at least 12 fasting plasma glucose levels measured during at least three years.

High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in La Réunion island and its association with the metabolic syndrome in the non-diabetic population: La Réunion Diabetes (REDIA) Study.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in La Réunion island and to investigate the link with the metabolic syndrome in the non-diabetic population.

Methods: The Réunion Diabetes (REDIA) Study included a random sample of 3600 adults aged 30-69 years. Clinical proteinuria (>200 mg/g creatinine), albuminuria (>or=30 mg/g) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were studied in 920 subjects, 411 of whom had diabetes and 509 who did not.

Trends and sociocultural factors for childhood overweight in La Reunion Island.

Objective: To examine time trends (study 1) and sociocultural factors associated with childhood overweight (study 2) in La Reunion Island.

Design: Study 1: a longitudinal analysis of anthropometric data available from health services in the town of Saint-Pierre. Study 2: a case - control study.

Health perceptions of diabetic patients in the REDIA study.

Aim: To explore the beliefs and perceptions of type 2 diabetic patients in La Réunion where the disease is highly prevalent (17.5% among 30-69 yr old subjects) with a strong link to the metabolic syndrome and nutritional habits.

Methods: Two sets of data were analysed.

Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and central adiposity in La Reunion Island, the REDIA Study.

La Reunion Island, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean provides an example of rapid urbanisation and drastic changes in the way of life--from traditional to "westernized" lifestyle--over a few decades. To study the impact of this epidemiologic transition, a diabetes prevalence study was performed in 1999-2001. Fasting capillary blood glucose (cBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were systematically measured in a random sample of 3600 subjects aged 30-69 years.

Body weight change since menopause and percentage body fat mass are predictors of subsequent bone mineral density change of the proximal femur in women aged 75 years and older: results of a 5 year prospective study.

Few studies have evaluated risk factors for bone loss in elderly women. We examined risk factors associated with a 5-year longitudinal change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip in healthy women aged 75 years and older. The BMD of 276 women from the French EPIDOS (Epidémiologie des Osteoporoses) study was assessed in Montpellier from 1992 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 1998.

Relationships between hormonal status and cataract in french postmenopausal women: the POLA study.

Purpose: Prevalence rate of cataract is higher in women than in men. Sex hormones have been hypothesized to be linked with this gender difference. Our aim is to study the relationships between hormonal status and cataract in postmenopausal women.

Associations of cataract with antioxidant enzymes and other risk factors: the French Age-Related Eye Diseases (POLA) Prospective Study.

Purpose: To determine the association of potential risk factors, including antioxidant enzymes, with the incidence of cataract.

Design: Cohort study.

Participants: At baseline, the Age-Related Eye Diseases (Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age, POLA) Study included 2584 residents of Sète (southern France) aged 60 years or older.

Outcome of patients consulting in an outpatient nutrition clinic for excessive body weight.

Objective: Few data are available concerning long-term outcome of patients after individually consulting a nutrition specialist, without entering a structured program. The objective of the present study was to evaluate outcome and predictors of body weight loss (BWL) after consulting in an outpatient nutrition clinic.

Methods: Phone interview of 95 patients (age 46.

[Is HbA1c appropriate for the screening of diabetes in general pratice?].

The measurement of glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) is a practical and more sensitive tool than fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in screening type 2 diabetes in current practice. Its use has been limited so far by the variability of the analytical methods. The standardization process is going on, and many laboratories are currently using valid methods.

[Insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes: epidemiological data].

After several years of disease duration, blood glucose control is difficult without using insulin in type 2 diabetic patients. However, large differences are observed regarding the use of insulin from the south to the north of Europe. A positive effect of insulin therapy on metabolic control compared to oral antidiabetic agents is shown only in clinical trials performed on selected patients.

Convective and diffusive losses of vitamin C during haemodiafiltration session: a contributive factor to oxidative stress in haemodialysis patients.

Background: Enhanced oxidative stress in haemodialysis (HD) patients may be considered as a risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis. Reduced antioxidant defences include impairment in enzyme activities and decreased plasma levels of hydrophilic vitamin C (vit C), and cellular levels of lipophilic vitamin E (vit E).

Methods: We investigated plasma levels of vit C in 19 patients undergoing regular haemodiafiltration (HDF) (mean age 62+/-7 years) and in 1846 healthy elderly subjects (HS) (mean age 69+/-5 years).

Light exposure and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: the Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) study.

Background: The role of light exposure in the development of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) has been questioned. We present the relationship between lifetime light exposure and ARMD as examined in the Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) study.

Methods: The POLA study is a population-based study on cataract and ARMD and their risk factors.

Relationships between physical activity, obesity and diabetes mellitus in a French elderly population: the POLA study. Pathologies Oculaires lieés á l' Age.

Objective: To analyse the relationships between body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a French elderly population.

Design And Subjects: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 1113 men and 1419 women aged 60 y or more, participating in the POLA Study.

Results: The prevalence of diabetes was two-fold higher in men than in women (19.

Associations of age, smoking habits and diabetes with plasma vitamin C of elderly of the POLA study.

The objective of this study was to determine the associations of age and sex with plasma vitamin C (vit C) concentration taking into account smoking habits and the presence of age-related pathologies, such as diabetes. The POLA study is a population-based study on age-related eye diseases and their risk factors, and plasma Vitamin C evaluation is part of the biological parameters measured in the 1987 volunteer subjects living in Sète (South of France) and aged more than 60 years. Men had lower average plasma vit C levels than women (31.

Feasibility and reliability of ankle/arm blood pressure index in preventive medicine.

Despite its potential usefulness for assessing preclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk, the ankle/arm blood pressure index (AAI) has not yet been the matter of study evaluating its feasibility and reliability by nonspecialist doctors in a general population. This study was planned for two steps. In step 1, the measurement of AAI, (ratio between Doppler systolic pressure at the ankle for each lower limb and the highest value of Doppler systolic pressure of the two upper limbs), should be performed by 50 general practitioners (GPs), 50 social security center physicians, and 50 occupational health physicians in 3,000 male smokers, 40 to 59 years, without clinical cardiovascular disease.

Genetic markers of immunoglobulins and diabetes mellitus in the multiracial population of New Caledonia. The CALDIA Study Group.

GM and KM immunoglobulin allotypes, which are the markers, respectively, of the constant parts of the heavy and the light chains of the IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 subclasses, have been analysed in diabetic mellitus patients and controls living in New Caledonia. We tested 40 Europeans, 256 Melanesians and 44 Polynesians, as well as their 340 matched controls, in order to search for a genetic susceptibility at those polymorphic loci. All the subjects were tested for G1M (1, 2, 3, 17), G2M (23), G3M (5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24, 28) and KM (1) by the classical hemagglutination method.

Light exposure and the risk of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts: the Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) study.

Background: Exposure to light may be an important risk factor for the development of cataracts.

Objective: To present the relation of ambient solar radiation and professional and leisure exposures to light with the different types of cataracts.

Methods: Pathologies Oculaires Liées a l'Age (POLA) is a population-based study on cataract and age-related macular degeneration and their risk factors in 2584 residents of Sète (southern France).

Risk factors for cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts: the POLA study. Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age.

The POLA (Pathologies Oculaires Liées à L'Age) Study is a population-based study of cataract and age-related macular degeneration and their risk factors being carried out among 2,584 residents of Sète, southern France, aged 60-95 years. Recruitment took place between June 1995 and July 1997. Cataract classification was based on a standardized lens examination by slit lamp, according to Lens Opacities Classification System III.