Caregivers' Experiences of Aggressive Persons with Schizophrenia.

Background: Understanding the caregivers' experiences of aggressive persons with mental disorders is very important from the public health point of view. Only a few Indian studies have focused on this. No Indian studies could be found that explored the caregivers' experiences of aggressive persons with schizophrenia.

Family Focused Therapy for Family Members of Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Case Reports of Its Impact on Expressed Emotions.

Caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) undergo a considerable amount of burden. In India, family caregivers are the primary source of support and care for their ill relatives. The burden faced by family members of patients with BD often results in physical and mental health consequences.

Synthesis and structure determination of the adducts formed by electrochemical oxidation of the potent carcinogen dibenzo[a,I]pyrene in the presence of nucleosides.

Because dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) is the most potent known carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbon, reference adducts formed by reaction of deoxyribonucleosides with electrophilic intermediates of DBP are essential for identifying the structures of adducts formed in biological systems. Electrochemical oxidation of DBP in the presence of nucleosides leads to adducts from DBP.+.

Identification and quantitation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-DNA adducts formed in mouse skin.

Identification and quantitation of the depurination and stable DNA adducts of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) formed by cytochrome P450 in rat liver microsomes previously established one-electron oxidation as the predominant mechanism of activation of DMBA to bind to DNA. In this paper we report the identification and quantitation of the depurination and stable DMBA-DNA adducts formed in mouse skin. The depurination adducts, which constitute 99% of all the adducts detected, are DMBA bound at the 12-methyl group to the N-7 of adenine or guanine, namely, 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (MBA)-12-CH2-N7Ade and 7-MBA-12-CH2-N7Gua.

Identification and quantitation of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts formed in mouse skin.

The DNA adducts of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) formed in vitro were previously identified and quantitated. In this paper, we report the identification and quantitation of the depurination adducts of BP, 8-(benzo[a]pyren-6-yl)guanine (BP-6-C8Gua), BP-6-N7Gua, and BP-6-N7Ade, formed in mouse skin by one-electron oxidation, as well as the major stable adduct formed via the diolepoxide pathway, BP diolepoxide bound at C-10 to the 2-amino of dG (BPDE-10-N2dG). Identification of the depurination adducts was achieved by HPLC and fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy.

Model adducts of benzo[a]pyrene and nucleosides formed from its radical cation and diol epoxide.

Reference adducts formed by reaction of deoxyribonucleosides with the ultimate carcinogenic forms of benzo[a]pyrene (BP), BP radical cation and BP diol epoxide, are essential for identifying the structures of adducts formed in biological systems. Electrochemical oxidation of BP in the presence of dG or dA produces adducts from BP radical cation. When 8 equiv of charge are consumed, four adducts are formed with dG: 7-(BP-6-yl)Gua, 8-(BP-6-yl)Gua, N2-(BP-6-yl)dG and 3-(BP-6-yl)dG.