Tetraparesis following thoracic spine surgery in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome and ABCB4 mutation: a case report.

Background: Klippel-Feil syndrome is a rare condition described in 1912 by Maurice Klippel and André Feil. It is defined as a congenital cervical fusion of at least two vertebrae, associated with a classical triad of clinical signs: short neck, low posterior hairline, and limited range of movement. However, Klippel-Feil syndrome manifests with a vast spectrum of phenotypes, ranging from no symptoms to complete triad, with or without other associated malformations.

Combined sclerotherapy followed by surgical resection of a large extracranial venous malformation in a 14-month-old child: preoperative workup and technical note.

Introduction: Venous malformations affect around 2 per 10,000 newborn and are the most common type of congenital vascular malformation. They are always present at birth and are often misdiagnosed with hemangiomas. Accurate diagnosis and adequate targeted therapy through a multidisciplinary approach is advocated for a successful treatment, considering a combination of modalities in complex cases.

Supratentorial Pediatric Midline Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions: Clinical Spectrum, Natural History and Treatment Options.

Childhood Central Nervous System tumors account for 25% of all pediatric tumors. Large availability and broadening of indications to imaging has made incidental findings more common. Among these, midline lesions have different clinical relevance depending on their intrinsic pattern of behaviour and on their specific location.

Natural history and treatment options of radiation-induced brain cavernomas: a systematic review.

Radiation-induced cavernous malformations (RICMs) are delayed complications of brain irradiation during childhood. Its natural history is largely unknown and its incidence may be underestimated as RCIMS tend to develop several years following radiation. No clear consensus exists regarding the long-term follow-up or treatment.

Meningiomas and Cognitive Impairment after Treatment: A Systematic and Narrative Review.

Clinical outcomes after surgery for intracranial meningiomas might be overvalued as cognitive dimensions and quality of life are probably underreported. This review aims to summarize the current state of cognitive screening and treatment-related outcomes after meningioma surgery. We present a systematic review (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-P) 2015-based) of cognitive outcomes after intracranial meningioma surgery.

The role of EC-IC bypass in ICA blood blister aneurysms-a systematic review.

To perform a systematic review of extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery with parent vessel trapping for blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) according to PRISMA guidelines. Search of PubMed using "bypass" [all fields] and "ICA" [all fields] or "internal carotid artery" [all fields] and ("blood blister-like aneurysm" [MeSH terms]. Thirty-four original articles were identified, of which 21 were excluded (treatment not including bypass or insufficient details on complications or clinical outcomes).

Clip-wrapping of ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.

To evaluate the safety and validity of microsurgical Gore-Tex clip-wrapping for ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Single-surgeon series. Retrospective study.

What is the best therapeutic approach to a pediatric patient with a deep-seated brain AVM?

Although brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) account for a very small proportion of cerebral pathologies in the pediatric population, they are the cause of roughly 50% of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages. Pediatric bAVMs tend to rupture more frequently and seem to have higher recurrence rates than bAVMs in adults. Thus, the management of pediatric bAVMs is particularly challenging.

Efficacy of the SEPARPROCATH® radiation drape to reduce radiation exposure during cardiac catheterization: A pilot comparative study.

Background: Interventional cardiologists are exposed to radiation-induced diseases, partly due to patient's scatter radiation.

Objectives: We sought to compare the radiation exposure (RE) of the cardiac catheterization room staff using SEPARPROCATH®, a novel radio-protective drape versus standard shielding equipment.

Methods: This was a two-step prospective, randomized pilot trial: first, in experimental conditions using a phantom model, and second, during cardiac catheterization.

Hypertonic Lactate to Improve Cerebral Perfusion and Glucose Availability After Acute Brain Injury.

Objectives: Lactate promotes cerebral blood flow and is an efficient substrate for the brain, particularly at times of glucose shortage. Hypertonic lactate is neuroprotective after experimental brain injury; however, human data are limited.

Design: Prospective study (clinicaltrials.

Non-Ischemic Cerebral Energy Dysfunction at the Early Brain Injury Phase following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: The pathophysiology of early brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still not completely understood.

Objective: Using brain perfusion CT (PCT) and cerebral microdialysis (CMD), we examined whether non-ischemic cerebral energy dysfunction may be a pathogenic determinant of EBI.

Methods: A total of 21 PCTs were performed (a median of 41 h from ictus onset) among a cohort of 18 comatose mechanically ventilated SAH patients (mean age 58 years, median admission WFNS score 4) who underwent CMD and brain tissue PO (PbtO) monitoring.

Bedside cerebral microdialysis monitoring of delayed cerebral hypoperfusion in comatose patients with poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Background: Delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is frequent after poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Owing to the limited accuracy of clinical examination, DCI diagnosis is often based on multimodal monitoring. We examined the value of cerebral microdialysis (CMD) in this setting.

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.].

Adsorption in zeolites using mechanically embedded ONIOM clusters.

We have explored mechanically embedded three-layer QM/QM/MM ONIOM models for computational studies of binding in Al-substituted zeolites. In all the models considered, the high-level-theory layer consists of the adsorbate molecule and of the framework atoms within the first two coordination spheres of the Al atom and is treated at the M06-2X/6-311G(2df,p) level. For simplicity, flexibility and routine applicability, the outer, low-level-theory layer is treated with the UFF.

Cerebral Lactate Metabolism After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Cerebral energy dysfunction has emerged as an important determinant of prognosis following traumatic brain injury (TBI). A number of studies using cerebral microdialysis, positron emission tomography, and jugular bulb oximetry to explore cerebral metabolism in patients with TBI have demonstrated a critical decrease in the availability of the main energy substrate of brain cells (i.e.

Improvement of Neuroenergetics by Hypertonic Lactate Therapy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Is Dependent on Baseline Cerebral Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio.

Energy dysfunction is associated with worse prognosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent data suggest that hypertonic sodium lactate infusion (HL) improves energy metabolism after TBI. Here, we specifically examined whether the efficacy of HL (3h infusion, 30-40 μmol/kg/min) in improving brain energetics (using cerebral microdialysis [CMD] glucose as a main therapeutic end-point) was dependent on baseline cerebral metabolic state (assessed by CMD lactate/pyruvate ratio [LPR]) and cerebral blood flow (CBF, measured with perfusion computed tomography [PCT]).

Monitoring of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in adults undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia: a prospective cohort study of two age groups.

Autoregulation of blood flow is a key feature of the human cerebral vascular system to assure adequate oxygenation and metabolism of the brain under changing physiological conditions. The impact of advanced age and anesthesia on cerebral autoregulation remains unclear. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on cerebral autoregulation in two different age groups.

Neuroenergetic Response to Prolonged Cerebral Glucose Depletion after Severe Brain Injury and the Role of Lactate.

Lactate may represent a supplemental fuel for the brain. We examined cerebral lactate metabolism during prolonged brain glucose depletion (GD) in acute brain injury (ABI) patients monitored with cerebral microdialysis (CMD). Sixty episodes of GD (defined as spontaneous decreases of CMD glucose from normal to low [<1.

Normobaric hyperoxia is associated with increased cerebral excitotoxicity after severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Normobaric oxygen therapy is frequently applied in neurocritical care, however, whether supplemental FiO2 has beneficial cerebral effects is still controversial. We examined in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) the effect of incremental FiO2 on cerebral excitotoxicity, quantified by cerebral microdialysis (CMD) glutamate.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a database of severe TBI patients monitored with CMD and brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2).

Presence of a unique parainfluenza virus 3 strain identified by RT-PCR in visna-maedi virus infected sheep.

The presence in farm sheep of a paramyxovirus closely related to parainfluenza virus type 3 (Pi3) from humans or cattle was confirmed using RT-PCR on RNA samples from lung cells from slaughtered animals. Sequencing and restriction enzyme patterns of the amplified fragment of the F gene confirms the distinctness of the isolate, and suitable PCR primers allow specific detection of the ovine virus. A study of the incidence of ovine Pi3 in samples from sheep with or without distinctive histopathological signs of maedi shows that it is uncommon in aged sheep with overt lentiviral disease, but it occurs at moderate frequency in lambs and may, in the presence of visna-maedi virus, contribute to early lesion formation.

[Reconstruction of the orbital floor using skull grafts obtained during the treatment of craniostenoses and irradiated by gamma rays].

The authors use skull grafts obtained during the treatment of craniostenoses and sterilized by gamma radiation to reconstruct the orbital walls. They describe the practical modalities of this technique and report a series of 26 cases in which no incidents of complications were observed.