The Association among Hypothalamic Subnits, Gonadotropic and Sex Hormone Plasmas Levels in Alzheimer's Disease.

This study investigates the sex-specific role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis in Alzheimer's disease progression, utilizing ADNI1 data for 493 individuals, analyzing plasma levels of gonadotropic and sex hormones, and examining neurodegeneration-related brain structures. We assessed plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T), along with volumetric measures of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and hypothalamic subunits, to explore their correlation with Alzheimer's disease markers across different cognitive statuses and sexes. Significant cognitive status effects were observed for all volumetric measures, with a distinct sex-by-cognitive status interaction for hypothalamic volume, indicating a decrease in males but not in females across cognitive impairment stages.

Associations between Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are associated with faster decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to investigate the association between NPS severity and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, i.e.

Interaction between -VS Heterozygosity and ε4 Allele Predicts Rate of Cognitive Decline in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

-VS heterozygosity (-VS) promotes longevity and protects against cognitive decline in aging. To determine whether -VS mitigates Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, we used longitudinal linear-mixed models to compare the rate of change in multiple cognitive measures in AD patients stratified by carrier status. We aggregated data on 665 participants (208 -VS/, 307 -VS/, 66 -VS/, and 84 -VS/) from two prospective cohorts, the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Radiomics-Based Artificial Intelligence Differentiation of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Reference to the Volumetry.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to build automated detection models-one by brain regional volume (V-model), and the other by radiomics features of the whole brain (R-model)-to differentiate mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitive normal (CN), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The objectives are to compare the models and identify whether radiomics or volumetry can provide a better prediction for differentiating different types of dementia.

Method: 582 MRI T1-weighted images were retrieved from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, which is a multicenter operating open source database for AD.

Levels of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Apolipoproteins Are Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE1) and apolipoproteins (APOs) may play important roles in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to examine the associations of AD, CVD, and endocrine-metabolic diseases (EMDs) with the levels of ACE1 and 9 APO proteins (ApoAI, ApoAII, ApoAIV, ApoB, ApoCI, ApoCIII, ApoD, ApoE, and ApoH). Non-Hispanic white individuals including 109 patients with AD, 356 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 373 CVD, 198 EMD and controls were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset.

Multimodal Early Alzheimer's Detection, a Genetic Algorithm Approach with Support Vector Machines.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects older adults. Currently, AD is associated with certain hypometabolic biomarkers, beta-amyloid peptides, hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and changes in brain morphology. Accurate diagnosis of AD, as well as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (prodromal stage of AD), is essential for early care of the disease.

Sex influences the effects of APOE genotype and Alzheimer's diagnosis on neuropathology and memory.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by severe cognitive decline and pathological changes in the brain (brain atrophy, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and deposition of amyloid-beta protein). Females have greater neuropathology (AD biomarkers and brain atrophy rates) and cognitive decline than males, however these effects can depend on diagnosis (amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD) and APOE genotype (presence of ε4 alleles). Using the ADNI database (N = 630 females, N = 830 males), we analyzed the effect of sex, APOE genotype (non-carriers or carriers of APOEε4 alleles), and diagnosis (cognitively normal (CN), early aMCI (EMCI), late aMCI (LMCI), probable AD) on cognition (memory and executive function), hippocampal volume, and AD biomarkers (CSF levels of amyloid beta, tau, and ptau).