Hydroalkylation of Vinylarenes by Transition-Metal-Free In Situ Generation of Benzylic Nucleophiles Using Tetramethyldisiloxane and Potassium tert-Butoxide.

Hydrosilanes and Lewis bases are known to promote various reductive defunctionalizations, rearrangements, and silylation reactions, facilitated by enigmatic silicon/Lewis base-derived reactive intermediates. Despite the wide variety of transformations enabled by this reagent combination, no examples of intermolecular C(sp3)-C(sp3) forming reactions have been reported. In this work, we've identified 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) and KOtBu as a unique reagent combination capable of generating benzylic nucleophiles in-situ from styrene derivatives, which can subsequently react with alkyl halides to give a new C(sp3)-C(sp3) linkage via formal hydroalkylation.

Using Real-World Evidence for Health Technology Assessment in Asia: Suggested Typology and Scoping Review.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide the typology of real-world evidence (RWE) and challenges associated with improving the use of RWE in Asian countries.

Methods: This article is divided into 2 subsections. First, a narrative review was conducted to classify RWE based on available real-world data.

Lonidamine, a Novel Modulator for the BvgAS System of Bordetella Species.

The Gram-negative bacteria Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica cause respiratory diseases in various mammals.

Impact of Surgical Upper Lumbar Changes on Unfused Lower Lumbar Segments in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: To determine the impact of upper lumbar lordosis changes in the fused segment on compensatory kyphotic or lordotic changes in the unfused lower lumbar spine in patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS).

Summary Of Background Data: While the distribution of lordosis and interplay between fused/unfused segments has been studied in adults, less is known about this in AIS.

Thiol Carbazole Self-Assembled Monolayers as Tunable Carrier Injecting Interlayers for Organic Transistors and Complementary Circuits.

The significant contact resistance at the metal-semiconductor interface is a well-documented issue for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) that hinders device and circuit performance. Here, this issue is tackled by developing three new thiol carbazole-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules, namely tBu-2SCz, 2SCz, and Br-2SCz, and utilizing them as carrier-selective injection interlayers. The SAMs alter the work function of gold electrodes by more than 1 eV, making them suitable for use in hole and electron-transporting OTFTs.

Enhanced magnetoresistance properties of K-site deficient LaK□MnO manganites synthesized sol-gel, wet-mixing, and solid-state reaction methods.

The effect of synthesis methods on the structural, magnetic, electrical transport, and magnetoresistance (MR) properties of K-deficient LaK□MnO (LKMO) materials has been investigated. The compounds were synthesized sol-gel (SG), wet-mixing (WM), and solid-state (SS) reaction. The resulting ceramics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and four point probe (FPP) techniques to evaluate their crystal structure, morphologies, elemental composition, electrical transport properties, and magnetoresistance (MR) behavior.

Investigating the mechanical properties and crashworthiness of hybrid PLA/GFRP composites fabricated using FDM-filament winding.

The failure and crashworthiness performance of hybrid Polylactide (PLA)/Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite tubes subjected to axial and radial quasistatic compression loads were investigated in the present study. The composite tubes are fabricated using hand lay-up and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)-filament winding processes. The crashworthiness performance was studied using parameters such as the peak load, energy absorption, crush load, crushing load efficiency, and specific energy absorption.

Correlation between Waist Circumference and IGF-1 Levels in an Elderly Population in Bali, Indonesia.

Background: Hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance is hypothesized to act as a promotor of cancer growth. In addition to the direct effects of hyperinsulinemia on cancer cells, the stimulation of tumor cell growth can also be indirectly mediated through growth factors and receptors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Increased cancer risk is also associated with increased adipose tissue, such as in abdominal obesity, due to the higher risk of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

Fish diversity assessment through conventional morphological identification and recent advances in Saudi Arabia: A review.

Fish identification in the Red Sea, particularly in Saudi Arabia, has a long history. Because of the vast fish diversity in Saudi Arabia, proper species identification is required. Indeed, identifying fish species is critical for biodiversity conservation, food and drug safety, and sustainable fishery management.

Sperm acrosome-associated 1 (SPACA1) mRNA and protein molecules deficiency indicate low fertility and semen quality of Bali bulls (Bos sondaicus).

Molecular-based biomarkers are believed to be more accurate in determining bulls' fertility and sperm's various fertility characteristics. The sperm acrosome-associated 1 (SPACA1) molecule, located in the anterior acrosomal and equatorial segments of the sperm head, is thought to be related to the function of binding and fusion between sperm and oocyte. This study aims to analyze the association of SPACA1 mRNA and protein with the fertility rate and semen quality of Bali bulls (Bos sondaicus) and assess its potential as a potential molecular biomarker determining bull fertility and sperm quality.

Diagnosis and Management of Orthopaedic Conditions Associated With Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies.

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) encompass a diverse group of inherited neuropathies characterized by notable sensory and autonomic involvement that affects musculoskeletal structures and systemic function. There are 8 recognized types of HSAN. The orthopaedic manifestations of HSAN are complex and diverse, including spinal deformity, Charcot arthropathy, osteomyelitis, fractures, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, and skeletal deformities.

A case of choledochal cyst type IV.

A choledochal cyst (CC) or biliary cyst is a congenital or acquired anomaly affecting the biliary tree. It involves the dilation of the biliary tree that could affect the extrahepatic and/or the intrahepatic segments. A choledochal cyst (CC) has traditionally been considered as a cystic dilation of the extrahepatic bile duct.

Diagnostic challenges of hiatal hernia Type IV: An imaging perspective.

Type IV hiatal hernia is a mixed type of hiatal hernia characterized by the herniation of visceral organs other than the stomach into the mediastinum. It is the least common type of hiatal hernia. We report a case of a 4-month-old male infant who presented with shortness of breath and persistent vomiting.

A framework for improved collaboration on HTA in the Asia-Pacific region: a role for HTAsiaLink.

Countries frequently use health technology assessment (HTA) to set priorities for introducing new interventions or evaluating existing interventions; however, applying the tool effectively is heavily dependent on a country's resources and capacity. Infrastructure and data, technical expertise, broad stakeholder involvement, and financial support are required to improve HTA processes. In the Asia-Pacific, HTAsiaLink was established to facilitate this practice, but strengthening and legitimizing this organization are needed to maximize its potential to support HTA institutionalization in the region.

Physical Activity to Reduce Pain Scale in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: This study aims to identify physical activity that can reduce pain scales in diabetic neuropathy patients.

Patients And Methods: The scoping review method was used in this research using three databases and one search engine, namely PubMed, CINAHL, Sage Journal, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria include full-text articles and publications in English and Indonesian between 2012-2022 with a minimal quasi-experimental design.

Associations of KRAS Mutations and Clinical Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer Patients in Indonesia.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major burden worldwide, ranking third and second in incidence and mortality respectively. Detection of biomarkers including KRAS mutations can help predict prognosis and response to therapy in CRC, thus this study evaluated the frequency of KRAS mutations among Indonesian patients and their associations with clinicopathologic characteristics.

Methods: Fifty-three CRC samples were collected from January to September 2022 in the Department of Surgery, Dr.

Increasing the Knee Arc of Motion in Patients With Arthrogryposis: Minimum 2-year Follow-up.

Background: Surgery for knee flexion contractures in patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital (AMC) have achieved extension to redirect the arc of motion and improve ambulation but has not demonstrated maintained increases in total range of motion (ROM). This study aimed to review the clinical outcomes of combined posterior knee release, proximal femoral shortening, and nerve decompression in patients with arthrogryposis.

Methods: A retrospective chart and radiographic review were performed on patients with AMC who underwent treatment for knee flexion deformities ≥30 degrees.

Academic Health System Framework for Health Services Transformation: A Perspective View from West Java, Indonesia.

Although the field of medicine has made significant progress in recent decades, low and middle-income countries continue to face significant difficulties in addressing the unprecedented obstacles to improving health. Medical schools should play a critical role in driving health services reform and take on a new leadership role in strengthening the health system. This paper discusses a conceptual framework and outlines the Academic Health Systems (AHS) agenda in Indonesia.

Radiological imaging of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a young child: A rare case report.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal disorder of the monocyte-macrophage system. There are 3 distinct types of LCH: multisystem type (MS), single-system multi-site (SS-m), and single-system single-site (SS-s). The disease is most common in young children, especially males.

Understanding stakeholders' perception on developing seagrass-associated tourism: Evidence from marine protected areas of Bintan Island, Indonesia.

Seagrass ecosystems provide vital services but face increasing threats from human activities. Marine protected areas (MPAs) aim to mitigate these threats, but inadequate funding and management hinder effective conservation. Seagrass-associated tourism presents an opportunity to fund conservation efforts, enhance MPA implementation, and improve local livelihoods.

Do Not Forget the Spine MRI in Children With Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: High Prevalence of Tethered Spinal Cord and Preliminary Clinical Findings Following Detethering.

Background: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) encompasses congenital conditions with joint contractures in 2 or more joints. Patients with AMC may have scoliosis and neural axis malformations. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of tethered spinal cord (TSC), characterized by a low-lying conus medullaris, and secondarily, present preliminary findings following surgical untethering in children with AMC.