iPhone-Based Cartilage Topography Scanning Yields Similar Results to Computed Tomography Scanning.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D) iPhone scans using commercially available applications compared with computed tomography (CT) for mapping chondral surface topography of the knee.

Methods: Ten cadaveric dysplastic trochleae, 16 patellae, and 24 distal femoral condyles (DFCs) underwent CT scans and 3D scans using 3 separate optical scanning applications on an iPhone X. The 3D surface models were compared by measuring surface-to-surface least distance distribution of overlapped models using a validated 3D-3D registration volume merge method.

Patient-Specific Distal Femoral Guides Optimize Cartilage Topography Matching in Osteochondral Allograft Transplantations.

Background: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is an important surgical technique for full-thickness chondral defects in the knee. For patients undergoing this procedure, topography matching between the donor and recipient sites is essential to limit premature wear of the OCA. Currently, there is no standardized process of donor and recipient graft matching.

Effect of the Sauvé-Kapandji method on the wrist contact surface for distal radial ulnar joint disorders.

Background: The Sauvé-Kapandji (S-K) method is a surgical procedure performed for chronic deformities of the distal radial ulnar joint (DRUJ). Changes to the joint contact surface from pre- to postoperatively under physiological in vivo conditions have not yet been determined for this useful treatment. The aim of the present study was therefore to compare the articular contact area of the wrist joint between before and after the S-K method for DRUJ disorders.

3.0T magnetic resonance imaging-based hip bone models for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome are equivalent to computed tomography-based models.

This study aimed to compare three-dimensional (3D) proximal femoral and acetabular surface models generated from 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the clinical gold standard of computed tomography (CT). Ten intact fresh-frozen cadaveric hips underwent CT and 3.

Effect of Lumbar Fusion and Pelvic Fixation Rigidity on Hip Joint Stress: A Finite Element Analysis.

Study Design: This study compared hip stress among different types of lumbopelvic fusion based on finite element (FE) analysis.

Objective: We believe that the number and placement of S2 alar iliac (AI) screws and whether the screws loosen likely influence hip joint stress in the FE model.

Summary Of Background Data: Spinopelvic fixation has been shown to increase the risk of progression for hip joint osteoarthritis.

Clinical three-dimensional anatomy of the femur considering navigation-aided surgery of total knee arthroplasty in Japanese patients.

Purpose: Few studies exist regarding sagittal alignment describing femur morphology in navigation-aided surgery. This study investigated the three-dimensional (3D) sagittal femoral alignment of the whole femur.

Methods: Seventy-three consecutive patients (59 females, 14 males, mean age: 76.

Anatomic Factors Associated With Osteochondral Allograft Matching for Trochlear Cartilage Defects: A Computer-Simulation Study.

Background: Articular step-off between the donor and recipient in osteochondral allograft transplant has been shown to alter contact pressures. Currently, commercial allograft donor selection is primarily based on simple anatomic parameters such as trochlear length, trochlear width, and tibial width.

Purpose: To identify anatomic factors associated with optimal graft matching by using a 3-dimensional simulation model.

Cardiopulmonary arrest caused by nafamostat mesylate during hemodialysis.

Dialysis-related adverse reactions can be serious and difficult to predict. In our case, nafamostat mesylate (NM) was thought to be the cause of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) due to NM-induced anaphylaxis but was not reflected in the allergy tests. Rare but life-threatening drawbacks occur immediately after hemodialysis initiation.

Lateral Harvest of an Osseous-Based Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Results in Thinner Remaining Patellar Bone.

Background: Patellar fracture after quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been reported in up to 8.8% of patients.

Purpose: To determine the thickness of the remaining patellar bone across the QT graft harvest location while providing clinical guidance for safely harvesting a patellar bone block when using a QT graft in ACLR.

Changes in wrist joint contact area following radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck's disease.

We hypothesized that the contact area of the articular surface of the wrist joint could be evaluated using a custom-designed analytical program. The aim of the study was to compare the articular contact area of the wrist joint before and after radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck's disease. Nine wrists of 9 patients underwent radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck's disease.

Four-dimensional computed tomography evaluation of shoulder joint motion in collegiate baseball pitchers.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the glenohumeral contact area, center of glenohumeral contact area, and center of humeral head during simulated pitching motion in collegiate baseball pitchers using four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT). We obtained 4D CT data from the dominant and non-dominant shoulders of eight collegiate baseball pitchers during the cocking motion. CT image data of each joint were reconstructed using a 3D reconstruction software package.

Three-Dimensional Measures of Bony Resection During Femoral Osteochondroplasty Are Related to Alpha Angle Measures: A Cadaveric Study.

Purpose: To determine whether 3-dimensional (3D)-reconstructed proximal femoral bone models can be used to quantify femoral osteochondroplasty and to determine whether the 3D-based metrics are related to clinical alpha angle measures.

Methods: Six cadaveric specimens with cam-type morphology underwent open femoral osteochondroplasty. Alpha angles were measured on the oblique axial computed tomography slice before and after femoral osteochondroplasty.

Intradiscal injection of monosodium iodoacetate induces intervertebral disc degeneration in an experimental rabbit model.

Background: Establishing an optimal animal model for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is essential for developing new IVD therapies. The intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), which is commonly used in animal models of osteoarthritis, induces cartilage degeneration and progressive arthritis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of MIA injections into rabbit IVDs on the progression of IVD degeneration evaluated by radiographic, micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histological analyses.

Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Evaluation of Cervical Endplate Subchondral Bone Mineral Density.

Study Design: Basic Science.

Objective: Poor subchondral bone mineral density (sBMD) has been linked with subsidence of cervical interbody devices or grafts, which are traditionally placed centrally on the endplates. Considering that sBMD reflects long-term stress distributions, we hypothesize that the cervical uncovertebral joints are denser than the central endplate region.

Regional distribution of computed tomography attenuation across the lumbar endplate.

The vertebral endplate forms a structural boundary between intervertebral disc and the trabecular bone of the vertebral body. As a mechanical interface between the stiff bone and resilient disc, the endplate is the weakest portion of the vertebral-disc complex and is predisposed to mechanical failure. However, the literature concerning the bone mineral density (BMD) distribution within the spinal endplate is comparatively sparse.

Changes in elbow joint contact area in symptomatic valgus instability of the elbow in baseball players.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the joint contact area of the dominant side and that of the non-dominant side without valgus instability in symptomatic pitchers. Ten symptomatic elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) deficient baseball pitchers participated in this study. Computed tomography (CT) data from the dominant and non-dominant elbows were obtained with and without elbow valgus stress.

CT Osteoabsorptiometry Assessment of Subchondral Bone Density Predicts Intervertebral Implant Subsidence in a Human ACDF Cadaver Model.

Study Design: Cadaveric biomechanics study.

Objective: Subchondral bone mineral density (sBMD) reflects the long-term mineralization and distribution of stress on joints. The use of 3-dimensional (3-D) methods to evaluate sBMD, including computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM), enables the assessment of density distribution with emphasis on subchondral bone.

Cervical endplate bone density distribution measured by CT osteoabsorptiometry and direct comparison with mechanical properties of the endplate.

Purpose: Intervertebral device subsidence is one of the complications of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The biomechanical properties of vertebral bony endplate may be related to device subsidence. The aim of this study is to measure the cervical endplate bone density distribution using a novel 3D measurement method.

Micro-computed tomography analysis of the lumbar pedicle wall.

Background: Although the pedicle is routinely used as a surgical fixation site, the pedicle wall bone area fraction (bone area per unit area) and its distribution at the isthmus of the pedicle remain unknown. The bone area fraction at the pedicle isthmus is an important factor contributing to the strength of pedicle screw constructs. This study investigates the lumbar pedicle wall microstructure based on micro-computed tomography.

MRI-- and CT--based metrics for the quantification of arthroscopic bone resections in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantify the bone resected from the proximal femur during hip arthroscopy using metrics generated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) bone models. Seven cadaveric hemi-pelvises underwent both a 1.5 T MRI and CT scan before and following an arthroscopic proximal femoral osteochondroplasty.

Overlapping Allografts Provide Superior and More Reliable Surface Topography Matching Than Oblong Allografts: A Computer-Simulated Model Study.

Background: Osteochondral allograft transplantation is 1 treatment option for focal articular cartilage defects of the knee. Large irregular defects, which can be treated using an oblong allograft or multiple overlapping allografts, increase the procedure's technical complexity and may provide suboptimal cartilage and subchondral surface matching between donor grafts and recipient sites.

Purpose: To quantify and compare cartilage and subchondral surface topography mismatch and cartilage step-off for oblong and overlapping allografts using a 3-dimensional simulation model.

Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of lateral lumbar interbody fusion: morphometric change of intervertebral structure.

Purpose: Two-dimensional (2D) analyses of intervertebral disc (IVD) height and foramen measurements following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) have been reported. However, three-dimensional (3D) morphometric analysis of intervertebral structure using 3D computed tomography (3D CT) provides increased precision for measuring morphological changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 3D changes of lumbar IVD height and foramen diameter in degenerative lumbar disease patients following LLIF.

Isolated tricuspid valve infective endocarditis with multiple septic pulmonary emboli in a patient with atopic dermatitis.

Multiple lung nodules in atopic dermatitis patients may reflect infective endocarditis. Our case underlines the importance of potentially severe infections due to staphylococci associated with atopic dermatitis.