Anorectal Melanoma-Brownish Black Mass Not Always a Hemorrhoid.

The non-specific clinical symptoms of anorectal brownish-black mass do not help to differentiate colorectal cancer, hemorrhoids, rectal ulcers which result in a delayed diagnosis or lead to inadequate management of lethal anorectal melanoma. Primary malignant melanoma of the anorectal region is an uncommon tumor, constituting approximately 1% of anal canal tumors which may be misdiagnosed clinically as hemorrhoids. Because of aggressive behavior and poor prognosis, efficient and prompt diagnosis is required in these cases.

Association of Ki-67 With Clinicopathological Factors in Breast Cancer.

Background Carcinoma of the breast is one of the most common cancer in females, with preponderance among urban females. The patient's age, tumor size, lymph node status, histological type, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, hormonal receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2neu) expression, and Ki-67 labeling index for proliferation rate can help determine the appropriate management strategy in these patients. The authors conducted this descriptive retrospective study to assess the association of Ki-67 with clinicopathological parameters in a newly established institute.

Correlation between Sex Chromatin and Female Breast Tumour in Paraffin Sections, Buccal Smears and Peripheral Blood Films.

Introduction: Sex chromatin is a plano-convex to triangular DNA mass measuring approximately 1μm in size and lying adjacent to the inner side of nuclear membrane in the somatic cells of the females. There is consistent loss in the sex chromatin percentage in the carcinoma cases in comparison to benign lesions and normal individuals.

Aim: To know the correlation between the sex chromatin status in female breast tumors on paraffin sections, buccal smears and peripheral blood films.