Psychometric Properties of the Neural Response to Rewards and Errors Across Mid- to Late-Adolescence.

Event-related potential (ERP) measures of reward- and error-related brain activity have been used to elucidate neural mechanisms contributing to the development of psychopathology. Adolescence is a critical developmental period that is associated with changes in ERP reward- and error-related brain activity. However, there is a paucity of within-subject research examining whether the reliability of ERP measures is the same or changes across adolescence.

Snake words in Estonia: Language, nature and extinction in Andrus Kivirähk's .

This article discusses Estonian author Andrus Kivirähk's novel in the context of language extinction and biocultural diversity. The novel is set in Medieval Estonia, but the viewpoint of the protagonist as a speaker of a vanishing language from a vanishing culture resonates with the lived experience of millions of people who have lost lifeways and livelihoods to colonisation and cultural assimilation. The fictitious language of Snakish allows its speakers to integrate fully into the natural world and to form complex interdependent relationships with non-human animals.

Erratum: Snake words in Estonia: Language, nature and extinction in Andrus Kivirähk's The Man Who Spoke Snakish - ERRATUM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.

Acute complications after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of cuff arthropathy versus fracture.

Background: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has become increasingly popular in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue. However, differences in outcomes of RTSA for fractures compared with other indications are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the compare the incidences of adverse events during RTSA to treat cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) versus RTSA to treat fractures, as well as identify risk factors for any adverse event.

Improving Simulation Model Accuracy for Friction Stir Welding of AA 2219.

Modeling of friction stir welding (FSW) is challenging, as there are large gradients in both strain rate and temperature (typically between 450 and 500 °C in aluminum alloys) that must be accounted for in the constitutive law of the material being joined. Constitutive laws are most often calibrated using flow stresses from hot compression or hot torsion testing, where strain rates are much lower than those seen in the stir zone of the FSW process. As such, the current work employed a recently developed method to measure flow stresses at high strain rates and temperatures in AA 2219-T67, and these data were used in the development of a finite element (FE) simulation of FSW.

Structure-Function Analysis of the Self-Sufficient CYP102 Family Provides New Insights into Their Biochemistry.

Cytochromes P450 are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases involved in a variety of oxidative metabolic reactions, primarily catalyzing the insertion of an oxygen atom into a C-H bond. CYP102 represents the first example of a bacterial P450 that can be classified as a type II (eukaryotic-like) P450 and functions as a catalytically self-sufficient enzyme. These unique features have made CYP102 an attractive system for studying P450 structure and function.

Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel GATA5/6 Variants in Right-Sided Congenital Heart Defects.

One out of every hundred live births present with congenital heart abnormalities caused by the aberrant development of the embryonic cardiovascular system. The conserved zinc finger transcription factor proteins, which include GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) and GATA binding protein (GATA6) play important roles in embryonic development and their inactivation may result in congenital heart defects (CHDs). In this study, we performed genotypic-phenotypic analyses in two families affected by right-sided CHD diagnosed by echocardiography imaging.

Deciphering Colorectal Cancer-Hepatocyte Interactions: A Multiomics Platform for Interrogation of Metabolic Crosstalk in the Liver-Tumor Microenvironment.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumor cells to adapt to and exploit their microenvironment for sustained growth. The liver is a common site of metastasis, but the interactions between tumor cells and hepatocytes remain poorly understood. In the context of liver metastasis, these interactions play a crucial role in promoting tumor survival and progression.

Prevalence of Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Lateral Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Leaks.

Objective: Evaluate postoperative opening pressures (OP) on lumbar puncture (LP) and polysomnogram (PSG) findings in patients who underwent middle cranial fossa (MCF) repair with lateral spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Development of handedness and other lateralized functions during infancy and early childhood.

Using a historical or "development from" approach to study the development of hand-use preferences in infants and children, we show how various sensorimotor experiential events shape the cascade from initial to subsequent hand-use preferences. That cascade represents, creates, and shapes the lateralized asymmetry of neural circuits in the cerebral hemispheres. The control of the preferred hand requires neural circuits in the contralateral hemisphere that are capable of processing the organization of finely timed, sequentially organized movements and detecting haptic information derived from high-frequency transitions in the stimulus.

Protocol for simultaneous detection of PRRS virus infection and dying cell populations by a flow cytometry double-staining approach.

When investigating cellular responses to viral infections, there is a need to quantitatively distinguish between dying cells, infected cells, and cells that are both infected and dying. Here, we present a protocol to simultaneously detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and cell death using a flow cytometry double-staining approach. We describe steps for cell seeding, infection, and collection; staining dead cells; sample fixation; and cell permeabilization.

Exercise and Psychosexual Education to Improve Sexual Function in Men With Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sexual dysfunction is a common adverse effect of prostate cancer treatment, and current management strategies do not adequately address physical and psychological causes. Exercise is a potential therapy in the management of sexual dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the effects of supervised, clinic-based, resistance and aerobic exercise with and without a brief psychosexual education and self-management intervention (PESM) on sexual function in men with prostate cancer compared with usual care.

Association between vitamin D level and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of Mendelian Randomization studies.

This study aims to review the evidence from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on the causal role of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes (T2D). A systematic search (registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024551731)) was performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for publications up to June 2024. MR studies including vitamin D as the exposure and T2D as the outcome were included.

"Rigorous and Systematic Qualitative Data Analysis in Biological Anthropology".

Biological anthropologists have long engaged in qualitative data analysis (QDA), though such work is not always foregrounded. In this article, we discuss the role of rigorous and systematic QDA in biological anthropology and consider how it can be understood and advanced. We first establish what kinds of qualitative data and analysis are used in biological anthropology.

AAPM Medical Physics Practice Guideline MPPG 17.a: Quality management for mammography review workstation displays.

The Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) sets quality standards for displays used to interpret mammography images. With the shift to digital mammography and the widespread use of remote reading workstations (RWS), updated quality management (QM) programs are needed to ensure consistent image presentation and accurate interpretation. This document recommends a QM framework for mammography RWS displays, addressing challenges such as remote environments, regulatory compliance, and evolving technology.

Characterising symptomatic substates in individuals on the psychosis continuum: a hidden Markov modelling approach.

Background: To improve early intervention and personalise treatment for individuals early on the psychosis continuum, a greater understanding of symptom dynamics is required. We address this by identifying and evaluating the movement between empirically derived attenuated psychotic symptomatic substates-clusters of symptoms that occur within individuals over time.

Methods: Data came from a 90-day daily diary study evaluating attenuated psychotic and affective symptoms.

Case Report: Prepubertal-type testicular teratoma with local metastasis in a postpubertal patient.

Introduction: We report for the first time a case of a postpubertal patient presenting with a metastatic prepubertal-type testicular teratoma.

Case Discussion: A 29-year-old male with a history of corrected unilateral cryptorchidism presented with progressive bilateral lower extremity edema. Imaging revealed an inferior vena cava thrombus associated with a complex mass.

Lessons from the National institutes of health innovation corps program: defining barriers to developing and commercializing novel solutions for persons with opioid use disorder.

Background: Translating innovative research advancements into commercially viable medical interventions presents well-known challenges. However, there is limited understanding of how specific patient, clinical, social, and legal complexities have further complicated and delayed the development of new and effective interventions for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). We present the following case studies to provide introductory clinical, social, and business insights for researchers, medical professionals, and entrepreneurs who are considering or are currently developing medical.

Improved linear growth after routine zinc supplementation in preterm very low birth weight infants.

Background: This study was designed (1) to compare growth, morbidity and mortality in < 33-week gestational age (GA) (very preterm, VPT) or very low birth weight (BW < 1500 grams, VLBW) infants before (Epoch-1) and after implementing routine enteral zinc (Zn) supplementation (Epoch-2) to meet recommendations, and (2) to assess serum Zn levels and associated variables.

Methods: Single-center prospective cohort of 826 infants. The primary outcome was the change (Δ) in Z-scores of accurate length (Δlength), weight and head circumference from birth to discharge home.

Physicians' Perspectives Regarding Informal Health Practitioners in Bangladesh.

Rural Bangladesh faces challenges of limited health care resources and a shortage of health care professionals. Informal providers, particularly village doctors, fill this void by being a first point of care and a bridge to the formal health care system. This study explores formally trained physicians' perspectives on village doctors' role in the health care system.

Prehospital Trauma Compendium: Prehospital Management of Adults with Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Circulatory Arrest - A Joint Position Statement and Resource Document of NAEMSP, ACS-COT, and ACEP.

The National Association of Emergency Medical Services Physicians (NAEMSP), American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), and American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) believe that evidence-based, pragmatic, and collaborative protocols addressing the care of patients with traumatic out-of-hospital circulatory arrest (TOHCA) are needed to optimize patient outcomes and clinician safety. When the etiology of arrest is unclear, particularly without clear signs of life-threatening trauma, standard basic and advanced cardiac life support (BCLS/ACLS) treatments for medical cardiac arrest is appropriate. Traumatic circulatory arrest may result from massive hemorrhage, airway obstruction, obstructive shock, respiratory disturbances, cardiogenic causes or massive head trauma.

The when, what, and where of naturally-acquired microchimerism.

Naturally acquired microchimerism (Mc) is increasingly recognized as an aspect of normal biology. Maternal-fetal bi-directional exchange during pregnancy creates a Mc legacy for the long-term in both individuals. Maternal Mc in her offspring and Mc of fetal origin in women with previous births are best studied.

SPHENISCID ALPHAHERPESVIRUS 1 IN AFRICAN PENGUINS () WITHIN THE SPECIES SURVIVAL PLAN MANAGED POPULATION IN THE US: INCIDENCE AND POPULATION IMPACT.

Spheniscid alphaherpesvirus-1 (SpAHV-1) is associated with respiratory disease in juvenile African penguins (). In 2020, this virus was detected in adult birds with clinical signs of respiratory disease in a previously asymptomatic colony of 21 birds following a recommended introduction of three new birds, including two with a history of herpesvirus as juveniles. Mild to moderate respiratory signs were noted in 33% (8/24) of the colony.

Pain-Related and Psychosocial Functioning in Gender-Diverse Youth with Chronic Pain Prior to and Following the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The health disparities experienced by gender-diverse youth have not yet been adequately examined within specific pediatric populations, such as chronic pain. Furthermore, such disparities need to be examined within the context of the COVID-19 global pandemic, a time when clinicians observed an increase in gender-diverse patients seeking care for pediatric chronic pain. The goal of this study is to better understand the clinical pain-related and psychosocial presentation of gender-diverse youth who sought treatment for chronic pain prior to and following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.