A Cross-talk between Nanomedicines and Cardiac Complications: Comprehensive View.

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, necessitating innovative approaches for both therapeutics and diagnostics. Nanoscience has emerged as a promising frontier in addressing the complexities of CVDs.

Objective: This study aims to explorethe interaction of CVDs and Nanomedicine (NMs), focusing on applications in therapeutics and diagnostics.

Anti-glycating and anti-cytotoxic effect of silibinin on albumin at early glycation: A physiochemical study.

During persistent hyperglycaemia, albumin, one of the major blood proteins, can undergo fast glycation. It can be expected that timely inhibition of protein glycation might be add quality years to diabetic patients' life. Therefore, this study was designed to analyse the role of silibinin to reduced or delay amadori adduct formation at early glycation and its beneficial effect to improve the glycated albumin structure and conformation.

Targeting COVID-19 in Parkinson's Patients: Drugs Repurposed.

The last couple of months have witnessed the world in a state of virtual standstill. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has overtaken the globe to economic and social lockdown. Many patients with COVID-19 have compromised immunity, especially in an aged population suffering from Parkinson 's disease (PD).

A comparative analysis of fructosamine with other risk factors for kidney dysfunction in diabetic patients with or without chronic kidney disease.

Background: Hyperglycemia is the driving force for the development of diabetic nephropathy leading to the end stage renal disease. It is well known that in hyperglycaemic condition, serum proteins become glycated through non-enzymatic glycation. With the other risk factors, serum fructosamine may be an important risk factor for kidney impairment.

Inhibitory effect of silibinin on Amadori-albumin in diabetes mellitus: A multi-spectroscopic and biochemical approach.

Due to increased understanding of the damaging effects of glycation process, it is highly desirable to manage this process effectively either by prevention or by managing the consequences of glycation preferentially at early stage. The use of potential naturally occurring compounds as anti-glycating agents may provide an effective approach to control the development and progression of diabetic associated complications. In the present study, human serum albumin (albumin) was co-incubated with glucose and different concentrations of silibinin.

A study on correlation between oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients with kidney dysfunction in north Indian population.

Background: Research reports support the statement that oxidative stress and inflammation are well-known risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes. This study was designed to ascertain the associated role of oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers in diabetes and related CKD among the north Indian population.

Methods: The study was divided into three groups as healthy subjects (group 1), patients with diabetes without complication (group 2), and with CKD (group 3).

Biophysical and immunological characterization of 2-dRib modified HSA and its implications in diabetes mellitus.

Glycoxidation of protein may lead to develop diabetes. In the present study, different concentrations of 2-deoxy d-ribose (2-dRib) were used to modify human serum albumin (HSA). Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) assay results showed that yield of the fructosamine content was directly proportional to the concentration of 2-dRib.

Hyperglycemia induced reactive species trigger structural changes in human serum albumin of type 1 diabetic subjects.

Chronic oxidative stress fuels pathogenesis of a large set of diseases. Oxidative stress is the cause and consequence of numerous diseases including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), in which there is selective destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells. Studies have documented that hyperglycemia produces profound stress.

SLE autoantibodies are well recognized by peroxynitrite-modified-HSA: Its implications in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder where the role of inflammatory processes in the etiopathogenesis is well documented. Despite extensive research, the trigger for initiation of the disease has not been identified. Peroxynitrite, a strong nitrating/oxidizing agent has been reported in SLE and other autoimmune diseases.

Deciphering the enhanced inhibitory, disaggregating and cytoprotective potential of promethazine towards amyloid fibrillation.

Increasing evidence proposed that amyloid deposition by proteins play a crucial role in an array of neurotoxic and degenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, systemic amyloidosis etc, that could be controlled by anti-aggregation methodologies which either inhibit or disaggregate such toxic aggregates. The present work targets the amyloid inhibiting and disaggregating potential of promethazine (PRM) against human insulin (HI) and human lysozyme (HL) fibrillogenesis. Biophysical techniques like Rayleigh scattering measurements (RLS), Thioflavin T (ThT) and 8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence measurement, circular dichroism (CD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements illustrated the inhibitory action of PRM.

An overview of in vitro and in vivo glycation of albumin: a potential disease marker in diabetes mellitus.

Non-enzymatic glycation of macromolecules, especially proteins leading to their oxidation is increased in diabetes mellitus due to hyperglycaemia and play an important role in associated complications of the disease. Protein glycation mostly occurs in intra chain lysine residues resulting in the formation of early stage Amadori products which are finally converted to advance glycation end products (AGEs). This review deals with the structural studies of in vitro and in vivo glycated human serum albumin (HSA).

Non-enzymatic glucosylation induced neo-epitopes on human serum albumin: A concentration based study.

Hyperglycaemia induced non enzymatic glycation is accelerated in diabetic patients and aggressively involved in diabetes progression. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in blood circulation. In hyperglycaemia, it undergoes fast glycation and results in the impairment of structure.

Study of IL4-590C/T and IL6-174G/C Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in North Indian Population.

To explore the associations between potential functional promoter polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory (IL-4(-590C/T) and IL-6(-174G/C) cytokine genes, and kidney dysfunction in North Indian type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic kidney disease. A total of 150 subjects aged 25-75 year were included in this study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum creatinine were estimated.

Elucidating the impact of glucosylation on human serum albumin: A multi-technique approach.

Early glycation products as well as advance glycation end products are involved in pathogenesis of diabetes. Most of studies carried out on AGEs and their possible role in assessing diabetes complications, whereas only a few were focused to highlight the role of Amadori products. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate a structural and immunological characterizations of Amadori-albumin upon early glucosylation because albumin undergoes fast glycation under hyperglycaemic condition.

Effect of peroxynitrite on human serum albumin: a multi technique approach.

In this study, human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein of blood plasma, was modified with varying concentrations of peroxynitrite. The peroxynitrite-induced changes in HSA was monitored by spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS), thermal denaturation studies, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/inonization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Aggregate formation was studied by thioflavin T binding and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Hyperglycemia induced structural and functional changes in human serum albumin of diabetic patients: a physico-chemical study.

Structural and functional changes in albumin are of particular interest as numerous studies in vivo have reported a strong involvement of glycated-HSA in the development and progression of chronic diabetic complications. Non-enzymatic addition of glucose molecules to a protein induces structural changes in it. These changes depend on the degree of glycation.

Amadori albumin in diabetic nephropathy.

Nonenzymatic glycation of macromolecules in diabetes mellitus (DM) is accelerated due to persistent hyperglycemia. Reducing sugar such as glucose reacts non enzymatically with free €-amino groups of proteins through series of reactions forming Schiff bases. These bases are converted into Amadori product and further into AGEs.

Antifungal activity of α-methyl trans cinnamaldehyde, its ligand and metal complexes: promising growth and ergosterol inhibitors.

Antifungal effectivity and utility of cinnamaldehyde is limited because of its high MIC and skin sensitivity. In this study, α-methyl trans cinnamaldehyde, a less irritating derivative, have been self coupled and complexed with Co(II) and Ni(II) to generate N, N'-Bis (α-methyl trans cinnamadehyde) ethylenediimine [C(22)H(24)N(2)], [Co(C(44)H(48)N(4))Cl(2)] and [Ni(C(44)H(48)N(4))Cl(2)]. Ligand and complexes were characterized on the basis of FTIR, ESI-MS, IR and (1)HNMR techniques.

Curcumin as a promising anticandidal of clinical interest.

Curcumin, an important Asian spice, is part of many Indian food preparations. This work evaluates the antifungal activity of curcumin against 14 strains of Candida (10 clinical and 4 standard). Curcumin displayed antifungal properties against all tested Candida strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) varying from 250 to 2000 µg·mL⁻¹.

Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in a noncardiac surgical centre.

Background: Surgery for Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is usually performed in specialized cardiac centres with either open surgery or percutaneous embolisation using different materials and devices. This involves high cost of treatment especially for those poor patients who have grown up to several years of age without seeking any treatment for their disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of surgery for PDA in a non cardiac paediatric surgical setup.

Urbach-Wiethe disease: experience at a tertiary care hospital in Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Background: Urbache-Wiethe disease (Lipoid Proteinosis) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the deposition of an eosinophilic hyaline-like material in the skin, larynx, mucous membranes, brain, and other internal organs.

Methods: A survey of one year duration was carried out prospectively at the Department of Dermatology, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad to document cases of lipoid proteinosis. Cases were selected from the outpatients department on the basis of clinical presentation and were subjected to detailed examination and investigations after admission.

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.

A 9 year old male presented with keratotic plaques over the skin of his palms and soles extending onto the dorsal surface and swollen gums since the age of 4 with subsequent loss of most of his permanent dentition. These findings are consistent with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.