Principles of optimal multidisciplinary management of prostate cancer in clinical practice.

Advances in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer have significantly changed the disease landscape. While benefiting from better oncological outcomes, patients are now experiencing higher rates of non-cancer comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease. The increasing impact of cardiovascular disease in those with prostate cancer led to the expanding role of cardio-oncology professionals in enhancing the multidisciplinary care of these patients.

Protective effect of histatin 5 and amphotericin B conjugated nanostructures in C. albicans challenged Swiss albino mice.

This study explores the development of silica-gold nanostructures conjugated with histatin 5 (H5) and amphotericin B (AB) for the management of Candida albicans-induced candidiasis. H5 and AB were covalently attached to the silica-gold nanostructures (ASi-GN) using EDC-NHS chemistry, with fluorescent FITC labeling employed in a parallel experiment to study nanostructure localization. Characterization techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and drug release studies, confirmed the successful conjugation and stability of the nanostructures.

Making vancomycin a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent using polyaziridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle.

The rise of antimicrobial drug resistance among microorganisms presents a global challenge to clinicians. Therefore, it is essential to investigate drug delivery systems to combat resistant bacteria and fungi. This study examined the potential and mode of action of vancomycin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEI-AuNP@Van) to enhance vancomycin's biocidal activity against , and .

FKBP51 in glutamatergic forebrain neurons promotes early life stress inoculation in female mice.

Early life stress (ELS) can increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, but also trigger resilience. FKBP51 has been associated with an increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders, specifically in interaction with ELS exposure. Here, the contribution of FKBP51 in glutamatergic forebrain neurons to the long-term consequences of ELS was investigated in both sexes.

Ixazomib in addition to chemotherapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in older adults.

Outcome for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients aged >60 years is poor. Targeting the proteasome in AML is attractive, since leukemia stem cells demonstrate sensitivity to proteasome inhibition in preclinical models. Adults >60 years of age with newly diagnosed AML were enrolled.

Metagenomic insights of microbial functions under conventional and conservation agriculture.

Agricultural practices such as conventional (CN) and conservation agriculture (CA) influence the composition and structure of soil microorganisms. We used short reads and genome-resolved metagenomic-based dual sequencing approaches to create a profile of bacterial and archaeal communities in hyperthermic Typic Haplustepts soil after seven years of CA and CN. The most differences in the physico-chemical and biological properties of soil were higher pH, organics carbon, available nitrogen and microbial biomass contents, activities of dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, and arylsulfatase, found in CA soil.

SARS-CoV-2 Alchemy: Understanding the dynamics of age, vaccination, and geography in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in India.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic had unprecedented global impact on health and society, highlighting the need for a detailed understanding of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in response to host and environmental factors. This study investigates the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 via mutation dynamics, focusing on distinct age cohorts, geographical location, and vaccination status within the Indian population, one of the nations most affected by COVID-19.

Methodology: Comprehensive dataset, across diverse time points during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variant waves, captured essential phases of the pandemic's footprint in India.

Chemically Engineered Peptide Efficiently Blocks Malaria Parasite Entry into Red Blood Cells.

Chemical peptide engineering, enabled by residue insertion, backbone cyclization, and incorporation of an additional disulfide bond, led to a unique cyclic peptide that efficiently inhibits the invasion of red blood cells by malaria parasites. The engineered peptide exhibits a 20-fold enhanced affinity toward its receptor (AMA1) compared to the native peptide ligand (RON2), as determined by surface plasmon resonance. In-vitro parasite growth inhibition assay revealed augmented potency of the engineered peptide.

Exploration of novel phytochemicals as α-synuclein aggregation inhibitors in the context of Parkinson's disease therapy: an in-silico approach.

The misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to neuronal dysfunction, the formation of Lewy bodies, and the manifestation of motor symptoms characteristic of PD. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is imperative for advancing therapeutic strategies for this neurodegenerative disorder. Current treatment modalities primarily involve dopamine replacement drugs, which fail to halt or slow disease progression.

Addressing contemporary threats in anonymised healthcare data using privacy engineering.

Cyber-attacks on healthcare entities and leaks of personal identifiable information (PII) are a growing threat. However, it is now possible to learn sensitive characteristics of an individual without PII, by combining advances in artificial intelligence, analytics, and online repositories. We discuss privacy threats and privacy engineering solutions, emphasizing the selection of privacy enhancing technologies for various healthcare cases.

Effect of La and Si additives in Zr-doped HfO capacitors for pseudo-linear high-κ dielectric applications.

This study investigates the impact of dopants on HfZrO-based capacitors for high-performance, hysteresis-free dielectric applications. Control of the crystalline structure of HfZrO films is crucial for achieving superior dielectric properties. The tetragonal (t) phase of HfZrO exhibits anti-ferroelectric (AFE) characteristics and shows promise due to its high dielectric constant (κ).

Cardiac Effects of Modern Breast Radiation Therapy in Patients Receiving Systemic Cancer Therapy.

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) improves breast cancer outcomes, but cardiac morbidity remains a concern.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate changes in cardiac function after RT and the relationship between cardiac dose metrics and echocardiography-derived measures of function.

Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of women with breast cancer, radiation cardiac dose metrics and core lab quantitated echocardiographic measures of cardiac function were evaluated.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Screening Mammography During COVID-19 in the Upper Midwest.

Objective: Studies conducted prior to COVID-19 suggested that racial and ethnic disparities in mammographic screening have reduced over time. COVID-19 has had devastating effects on racial and ethnic minority populations, resulting in delays in preventive screening. Our purpose was to determine if racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to receive mammographic screening during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in early stage ovarian cancer: A prospective observational study.

Objective: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a technique to assess lymph node status in various cancers to avoid systematic lymphadenectomy and limit morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the role of SLNB in epithelial ovarian cancer using a combination of radioactive tracer and blue dye.

Methodology: This prospective observational study included 29 patients with suspected stage I and II epithelial ovarian cancer.

A Correlation Among the Most Classic Axis Injuries Classification and the New AO Upper Cervical Spine Classification System.

Study Design: Narrative review.

Objective: To establish a correlation among the classic C2 classification systems and the new AO upper cervical spine trauma classification system (UCST).

Summary Of Background Data: A multitude of classifications were historically proposed for C2 injuries, none of them with universal acceptation.

Can Generative AI Learn Physiological Waveform Morphologies? A Study on Denoising Intracardiac Signals in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Reducing electrophysiological (EP) signal noise is essential for diagnosis, mapping, and ablation, yet traditional approaches are suboptimal. This study tests the hypothesis that generative artificial intelligence (AI), specifically Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), can effectively denoise these signals by forming robust internal representations of 'clean' signals. Utilizing a dataset of 5706 time series from 42 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy at risk of cardiac sudden death, we set out to apply a β-VAE model to denoise and reconstruct intra-ventricular monophasic action potential (MAP) signals, which have verifiable morphology.

Design and Development of 8-DoF Forearm Rehabilitation Device.

Robotic systems for rehabilitating forearm have been an active area of research. A majority of the daily living activities require the use of the forearm significantly, and hence affecting the quality of life of the patient if not rehabilitated promptly. Rehabilitation devices for the forearm are particularly complex to design because of the requirement to accommodate multiple degrees of freedom.

Synchronous Lymphoma: Diagnostic Challenges in a Case of Coexisting Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Synchronous lymphoma (SL) is the simultaneous occurrence of two or more unique kinds of lymphomas in the same individual at the initial diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis requires histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular studies. We found only a handful of reported cases of SLs involving different anatomical sites in medical literature, and no large-scale studies have specifically addressed the frequency of this combination.

Healthcare providers perspectives and perceptions of dementia diagnosis and management at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

Background: The rising number of older people, including those living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) highlights the need for an improved clinical diagnosis and management of the diseases.

Objective: To understand and describe healthcare providers' perceptions and practices regarding AD/ADRD diagnosis and care in Kenya, not previously reported.

Methods: This was an ethnographic study involving observations and semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers working at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUHN) Kenya.

A call for transparency, improved reporting, and interpretation of trials using surrogate end points in cardiac electrophysiology.

In this call for transparency, we aim to disseminate knowledge about recent CONSORT-Surrogate and SPIRIT-Surrogate checklists. SPIRIT-Surrogate is an extension of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) checklist, developed as a consensus document and designed as a reporting guideline for randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocols using surrogate end points as the primary end points. CONSORT-Surrogate is an extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist, a consensus-driven reporting guideline for RCTs using surrogate end points as the primary end points.

Neoadjuvant cabozantinib for locally advanced nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a phase 2 trial.

Cabozantinib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted a phase 2, nonrandomized, single-arm clinical trial (NCT04022343) of cabozantinib treatment for 12 weeks in 17 patients with locally advanced, biopsy-proven, nonmetastatic clear cell RCC before surgical resection. The primary end point was the objective response rate (complete and partial responses) at week 12 and secondary end points included safety, tolerability, clinical and surgical outcomes, and quality of life.

Integrative cytogenetic and molecular studies unmask "chromosomal mimicry" in hematologic malignancies.

The detection of structural variants (SVs) represents a critical component in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of many hematologic malignancies. Although clinical SV testing mainly consists of traditional cytogenetic methodologies, technological innovations have led to alternative approaches with improved resolution. In this study, we sought to characterize the clinical impact of targeted RNA sequencing on the diagnosis of myeloid and immature lymphoid malignancies.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of 1,2,3-Triazole-Incorporated Indole-Pyrazolone against Drug-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens: Design and Synthesis.

In the current study, we report the synthesis of novel 4-((1-((1-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)methyl)-1-indol-3-yl)methylene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3-pyrazole-3-one derivatives -. The compounds were prepared through a Knoevenagel condensation reaction and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) Click chemistry approach. The synthesized compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.