AI-Driven insights in pancreatic cancer imaging: from pre-diagnostic detection to prognostication.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, largely due to its poor five-year survival rate and frequent late-stage diagnosis. A significant barrier to early detection even in high-risk cohorts is that the pancreas often appears morphologically normal during the pre-diagnostic phase. Yet, the disease can progress rapidly from subclinical stages to widespread metastasis, undermining the effectiveness of screening.

Outcomes and Complications of Mitral and Tricuspid Transcatheter Edge-to-edge Repair.

In the realm of innovative medical procedures, TEER (transcatheter edge-to-edge repair) has emerged as a promising field, showcasing significant growth and advancements. Mitral TEER has been performed for the last two decades; in contrast, tricuspid TEER is newer, with long-term outcomes pending. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature, with a primary focus on outcomes and potential complications associated with both procedures.

Revealing the nature of cardiovascular disease using DERGA, a novel data ensemble refinement greedy algorithm.

Background: The study aimed to determine the most crucial parameters associated with CVD and employ a novel data ensemble refinement procedure to uncover the optimal pattern of these parameters that can result in a high prediction accuracy.

Methods And Results: Data were collected from 369 patients in total, 281 patients with CVD or at risk of developing it, compared to 88 otherwise healthy individuals. Within the group of 281 CVD or at-risk patients, 53 were diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD), 16 with end-stage renal disease, 47 newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus 2 and 92 with chronic inflammatory disorders (21 rheumatoid arthritis, 41 psoriasis, 30 angiitis).

Isolation of circulating tumor cells to diagnose melanoma and evaluate the efficacy of surgical resection using melanoma-specific microsystem.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers due to its potential to metastasize widely in the body. The risk of metastasis is increased with later detection and increased thickness of the primary lesion, thus early identification and surgical removal is critical for higher survival rates for patients. However, even with appropriate treatment, some patients will develop recurrence which may be difficult to identify until advanced or causing symptoms.

Gastric Perforation With Peritonitis Secondary to a Trichobezoar: A Literature Review and Report of a Rare Presentation.

Trichobezoar, a rare disorder commonly seen in psychiatric patients having a habit of plucking and eating their own hair, is a ball of hair admixed with gastro-intestinal secretions that leads to the blocking of the passage of food particles. Presentation of the disease is variable, ranging from asymptomatic to severe complications including obstruction and perforation. We report a case of a 27-year-old female patient who presented with an acute abdomen and on laparotomy, gastric perforation secondary to large gastric trichobezoar was found.

Comparison Between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for Incidence of Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are taken as the first treatment option for hypertensive patients. The various global trials have suggested that ACEIs and ARBs may increase risk of lung cancer; however, the results are contradictory and there is no local study available. This study is conducted to compare the incidence of lung cancers in patients on ACEIs and ARBs.

Prevalence of Falls and Fractures in Alzheimer's Patients Compared to General Population.

Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), found in the aging elderly population, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to worsening memory loss and cognitive impairment. Falls and fractures are common in the overall elderly population. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of falls and fractures in Alzheimer's patients compared to the general population.

Dual-Isolation and Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Exosomes from Blood Samples with Melanoma Using Immunoaffinity-Based Microfluidic Interfaces.

Melanoma is among the most aggressive cancers, and its rate of incidence continues to grow. Early detection of melanoma has been hampered due to the lack of promising markers for testing. Recent advances in liquid biopsy have proposed noninvasive alternatives for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.

Poor Prognosis Indicated by Venous Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters in Early-Stage Lung Cancers.

Early detection of metastasis can be aided by circulating tumor cells (CTC), which also show potential to predict early relapse. Because of the limited CTC numbers in peripheral blood in early stages, we investigated CTCs in pulmonary vein blood accessed during surgical resection of tumors. Pulmonary vein (PV) and peripheral vein (Pe) blood specimens from patients with lung cancer were drawn during the perioperative period and assessed for CTC burden using a microfluidic device.

Gas-containing Liver Abscess Mimicking Pneumoperitoneum.

Gas under the diaphragm or pneumoperitoneum, is often a sign of grave intra-abdominal pathology. It can be due to either of surgical or non-surgical etiology. Here we present a case of gas under right dome of diaphragm caused by a non-surgical cause i.

Affinity Versus Label-Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells: Who Wins?

The study of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been made possible by many technological advances in their isolation. Their isolation has seen many fronts, but each technology brings forth a new set of challenges to overcome. Microfluidics has been a key player in the capture of CTCs and their downstream analysis, with the aim of shedding light into their clinical application in cancer and metastasis.

Optimizing the Detection of Circulating Markers to Aid in Early Lung Cancer Detection.

Improving early detection of lung cancer is critical to improving lung cancer survival. Studies have shown that computerized tomography (CT) screening can reduce mortality from lung cancer, but this involves risks of radiation exposure and can identify non-cancer lung nodules that lead to unnecessary interventions for some. There is a critical need to develop alternative, less invasive methods to identify patients who have early-stage lung cancer.

Usefulness of fetal autopsy in the diagnosis of blomstrand chondrodysplasia: a report of three cases.

Blomstrand osteochondrodysplasia (BOCD) is a rare autosomal recessive sclerosing skeletal dysplasia characterized by accelerated chondrocyte differentiation. In this article, we discuss three cases where lethal skeletal dysplasia was suspected and Blomstrand dysplasia was diagnosed by autopsy. Antenatal ultrasound findings include increased nuchal translucency, tetramicromelia and polyhydramnios.

Pulmonary venous blood sampling significantly increases the yield of circulating tumor cells in early-stage lung cancer.

Objective: To identify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of patients with early-stage lung cancer and to show that sampling pulmonary vein (PV) blood using microfluidic chip technology will yield significantly more CTCs. Improving early detection of lung cancer is critical to improving lung cancer survival. Reproducible detection of CTCs is limited currently in early stage tumors.

An 11-year-old boy with silico-tuberculosis attributable to secondary exposure to sandstone mining in central India.

Silicosis from secondary exposure is not often reported. This is the first such report of a child with possible silicosis attributable to secondary exposure to sandstone mining in India. Silicosis from secondary exposure has been reported in the gem polishing and slate pencil manufacturing industries in India; however, the stone-mining industry is severely under-researched.

A radial flow microfluidic device for ultra-high-throughput affinity-based isolation of circulating tumor cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are believed to play an important role in metastasis, a process responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. But their rarity in the bloodstream makes microfluidic isolation complex and time-consuming. Additionally the low processing speeds can be a hindrance to obtaining higher yields of CTCs, limiting their potential use as biomarkers for early diagnosis.

Where there are no emergency medical services-prehospital care for the injured in Mumbai, India.

Introduction: In a populous city like Mumbai, which lacks an organized prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) system, there exists an informal network through which victims arrive at the trauma center. This baseline study describes the prehospital care and transportation that currently is available in Mumbai.

Methods: A prospective trauma database was created by interviewing 170 randomly selected patients from a total of 454 admitted over a two-month period (July-August 2005) at a Level-I, urban, trauma center.

Asbestosis in an asbestos composite mill at Mumbai: a prevalence study.

Background: Of an estimated 100,000 workers exposed to asbestos in India, less than 30 have been compensated. The reasons for such a small number are: refusal by management sponsored studies to grant medical certifications to workers suffering from occupational diseases, lack of training for doctors in diagnosis of occupational lung diseases, deliberate misdiagnosis by doctors of asbestosis as either chronic bronchitis or tuberculosis and the inherent class bias of middle class doctors against workers. The aim of the study was to identify workers suffering from Asbestosis (parenchymal and pleural non-malignant disease) among the permanent workers of the Hindustan Composites Factory and assess their disability and medically certify them, whereupon they could avail of their basic rights to obtain compensation and proper treatment.

Measuring trauma outcomes in India: an analysis based on TRISS methodology in a Mumbai university hospital.

Background: In this prospective study, the TRISS methodology is used to compare trauma care at a university hospital (Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General (LTMG) Hospital) in Mumbai, India, with the standards reported in the Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS).

Methods: Between 1 August 2001 and 31 May 2002, 1074 severely injured patients were included in the study. Survival analysis was completed for 98.

Oropharyngeal carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in India.

The present investigation represents the first study of oropharyngeal carriage of Candida and other yeasts in HIV-infected patients in India. One hundred and fifty HIV-positive patients were investigated by culturing their swish samples on plates of CHROMagar Candida. Ninety-eight patients (65.

Isolation of drug-resistant tubercle bacilli in cutaneous tuberculosis.

Cutaneous tuberculosis in a teenage boy that did not respond to conventional antitubercular therapy is described. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was recovered on culture and found to be resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid. Gradual regression of the lesions was observed after the addition of streptomycin and ethambutol.