Nucleic acid amplification-lateral flow immunoassay (NAA-LFIA) for the rapid differentiation of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum.

Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum are very difficult to distinguish morphologically. However, molecular identification algorithms sequentially using Mini and Maxi primers can distinguish the two species. Duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) facilitates simultaneous amplification but is difficult to visualize with gel electrophoresis because it produces overlapping amplicons.

Ultrastructural morphology of second and third-stage larvae of inside paratenic host tissue.

Background: is a known cause of a zoonotic infectious illness called toxocariasis. Parathenic hosts are important as they can transmit larvae 2 (L) through direct transmission. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques are needed to provide a three-dimensional image of each stage of larvae.

Immunomodulatory effect of propolis spp. in mice infected with .

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by . Infection with virulent strains of induces excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases fatality. Propolis has potential as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator.

Molecular detection of spp. among wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Background: Humans and animals who have an acute case of diarrhea can be infected with spp. Within the category of water-borne disease, it is a zoonotic disease. The zoonotic disease is among the several pathogens carried by wild rats ( spp.

Molecular detection of toxoplasmosis in wild rats using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

Background And Aim: Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite . Cats are the only known hosts that excrete resistant oocysts. Wild rats serve as crucial reservoirs and intermediate hosts for survival and dissemination.

Molecular identification of new Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B isolates from buffaloes and cattle in Indonesia.

Trypanosoma evansi is reportedly divided into two genotypes: types A and B. The type B is uncommon and reportedly limited to Africa: Kenya Sudan, and Ethiopia. In contrast, type A has been widely reported in Africa, South America, and Asia.

Gastrointestinal helminths of captive proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Surabaya zoo, Indonesia.

Background: One of the constrain in proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) conservation is gastrointestinal helminth (GH) infection. Here, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of GHs in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia.

Methods: Twenty fecal samples were collected from three groups (i.

Molecular characterization of trypanocide-resistant strains derived from a single field isolate of Trypanosoma evansi.

Four strains (SB-PR, SB-RS, SB-RD, and SB-RM) of Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) were used in this study. SB-PR is known to be trypanocide-sensitive, while the others are trypanocide-resistant to suramin, diminazene diaceturate, and melarsomine hydrochloride, respectively.

Tissue cysts and serological detection toxoplasmosis among wild rats from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Background: The protozoan is the source of zoonosis toxoplasmosis and causes public health problems throughout the world. Environmental contamination by oocysts excreted by cats as definitive hosts affects the spread of this disease. Wild rats as rodents can be used as an indicator of environmental contamination by oocysts, considering that rats have a habit of living in dirty environments and can be infected by oocysts from the environment.

Designing one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus detection during the 2022 outbreak in East Java, Indonesia.

Background And Aim: Various methods can detect foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cows, but they necessitate resources, time, costs, laboratory facilities, and specific clinical specimen submission, often leading to FMD virus (FMDV) diagnosis delays. The 2022 FMD outbreak in East Java, Indonesia, highlighted the need for an easy, inexpensive, rapid, and accurate detection approach. This study aims to devise a one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) technique and phylogenetic analysis to detect the serotype O FMDV outbreak in East Java.

Serological survey of immunoglobulin G from infection in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia.

Background And Aim: infection is a significant issue of veterinary public health because it is potentially transmitted through goat milk. Therefore, the use of control measures and routine monitoring of toxoplasmosis in dairy goats is necessary. Serological analysis using antibodies can detect infection.

Zoonotic and other gastrointestinal parasites in cats in Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia.

Relationship between humans and cats has negative impact associates with zoonotic diseases. It is the reason why studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cats are important. Some of zoonotic GI parasites in cats are spp, sp, and .

Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review.

The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases increases annually, and Indonesia has become the country with the fastest HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic spread among the five Southeast Asian countries. Indonesia entered the critical phase of HIV/AIDS infections after 5 out of the 33 provinces, namely, Papua, Jakarta, Bali, West Java, and East Java, reported HIV/AIDS epidemic since 2004. In AIDS pathophysiology and immune-suppression are severe, thus, opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections that cause diarrhea in HIV infection may be fatal.

ADDITION OF ANTI- MEMBRANE IMMUNOGLOBULIN Y TO REDUCE NECROTIC INDEX IN MICE'S LIVER.

Background: The study aimes to determine the effect of administering anti- membrane IgY against liver damage (Necrotic index) and the effectiveness of the antibody's delivery time.

Materials And Methods: This research was a laboratory experiment with five treatments and five replicantions. Each treatment used female mice () as animal models.

INCREASED APOPTOSIS SKULL OF PUPS BORN TO -INFECTED MICE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF INTERFERON GAMMA, BUT NOT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALFA.

Bacground: is an intracellular obligate protozoan parasite that infects most warm-blooded animals including humans. It can cause congenital infection with clinical symptoms ranging from mild to severe including microcephaly. At the cellular level, infection causes apoptosis in some tissues and it is induced by proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α.