Dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis.

There is limited knowledge on diffusing capacity in scoliosis patients. It remains to be determined if impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity is mostly influenced by reduced alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity (D), reduced pulmonary capillary blood volume (V) or both. This study aims to report findings from dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (D) with quantification of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for haemoglobin with a five s breath-hold (D) and nitric oxide with a five s breath-hold (D), D and V.

Concurrent management of vitiligo and acquired disorders of hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive literature review and current practice gaps.

Few studies discuss the co-management of vitiligo and acquired hyperpigmentation disorders (AHD) such as melasma, erythema dyschromicum perstans, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, drug-induced hyperpigmentation, and lichen planus pigmentosus. This review discusses clinical studies examining co-management strategies and identifies current practice gaps. Dermatology Life Quality Index scores are higher in individuals with vitiligo or melasma.

Adipsin and Leptin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Sitagliptin and Metformin Versus Metformin Therapy.

Objectives: Adipsin and leptin are adipokines that link adipose tissue dysfunction and increased fat accumulation to obesity-related metabolic disorders. This study aimed to assess the effects of sitagliptin/metformin versus metformin monotherapy on the levels of adipsin, leptin, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: This comparative case-control study included 120 participants divided into four groups: healthy participants, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, metformin-treated patients, and sitagliptin/metformin-treated patients.

Migraine and its major subtypes - with and without aura are associated with polygenic scores for autism.

Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience a wide array of neurological, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, yet little attention has been given to the potential link between ASD and migraine, one of the most prevalent neurological disorders worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether a genetic predisposition for ASD is linked to migraine and its major subtypes, with and without aura. Additionally, potential moderator and mediators of the association between ASD and migraine were explored.

Discovering potential ERK1 inhibitors from natural products for therapeutic targeting of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) belongs to mitogen-activated protein kinases, which are essential for memory formation, cognitive function, and synaptic plasticity. During Alzheimer's disease (AD), ERK1 phosphorylates tau at 15 phosphorylation sites, leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The overactivation of ERK1 in microglia promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which results in neuroinflammation.

Isolated Third Cranial Nerve Palsy As the Initial Presentation of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Rare Case.

This is an unusual case of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) with isolated third cranial nerve palsy as the initial manifestation. Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare manifestation of PCNSL. While NL is a rare manifestation of PCNSL, primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) can be the presenting feature or a later-involved manifestation.

Quantitative prediction of toxicological points of departure using two-stage machine learning models: A new approach methodology (NAM) for chemical risk assessment.

Point of departure (POD) is a concept used in risk assessment to calculate the reference dose of exposure that is likely to have no appreciable risk on health. POD can be directly utilized from no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) which is the dose or exposure level at which there is little or no risk of adverse effects. However, NOAEL values are unavailable for most of the chemicals due to inconsistent animal toxicity data.

Effect of exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate on BDNF signalling, cognition, and amyloid precursor protein processing in humans with T2D and insulin resistant rodents.

People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a greater risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease, in later life. Exogenous ketone supplements containing the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) may be a strategy to protect the brain as β-OHB can support cerebral metabolism and promote neuronal plasticity via expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Parallel human (ClinicalTrials.

A leucine responsive small RNA AbcR200 regulates expression of the lactate utilization (lut) operon in Acinetobacter baumannii DS002.

Noncoding small RNAs are essential for modulating bacterial gene expression, especially under carbon and nutrient-limited conditions. In this study, by employing both in silico and molecular hybridization tools, we identified a carbon source responsive small RNA in A. baumannii DS002.

Nanomineralzyme as a novel sustainable class of nanozyme: Chalcopyrite-based nanozyme for the visual detection of total antioxidant capacity in citrus fruit.

Chemically-synthesized Nanozymes that are widely used as alternatives to enzymes face challenges such as high precursor costs, complex preparation processes, and limited catalytic efficiency. To overcome these drawbacks, we introduce naturally derived nanozymes, nanomineralzymes, as a promising alternative, offering benefits like affordability, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Chalcopyrite (CP, CuFeS) was sourced from a mineral deposit, and CP nanoparticles were produced by milling.

The RAGE Inhibitor TTP488 (Azeliragon) Demonstrates Anti-Tumor Activity and Enhances the Efficacy of Radiation Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines.

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, with rising incidence and mortality. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands significantly contribute to pancreatic cancer progression by enhancing cell proliferation, fostering treatment resistance, and promoting a pro-tumor microenvironment via activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. This study validated pathway activation in human pancreatic cancer and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of TTP488 (Azeliragon), a small-molecule RAGE inhibitor, alone and in combination with radiation therapy (RT) in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer.

Synthesis of Pyrazole-Based Inhibitors of the Bacterial Enzyme -Succinyl-l,l-2,6-Diaminopimelic Acid Desuccinylase (DapE) as Potential Antibiotics.

Based on the inhibitory potencies from earlier reported tetrazole thioether analogs, we now describe the synthesis and inhibition of pyrazole-based inhibitors of -succinyl-l,l-2,6-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) from (DapE). The most potent pyrazole analog bears an aminopyridine amide with an IC of 17.9 ± 8.

Assessing cropping system dynamics over three decades: remote sensing and GIS insights in Murshidabad-Jiaganj Block.

Agriculture is a significant contributor to the country's economic development. We used multiple Landsat images from 1990 to 2021 in the Murshidabad-Jiaganj Block to assess changes in the agricultural system and their underlying causes. The Rabi season saw a 10.

Shifting temporal trends and disparities in sarcoidosis mortality in the United States: A retrospective analysis from 1999 to 2020.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by granulomas, the etiology of which remains unclear. This study examines sarcoidosis-related mortality trends in the United States from 1999 to 2020, with a focus on disparities pertaining to patient sex, geographical location, and urbanization status.

Methods: We analyzed death certificate data from the CDC WONDER database, using ICD-10 code D86.

Phytochemicals Withanolide N and Dryobalanolide as Potential Bioactive Leads for Developing Anticancer Drugs Targeting Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Mer.

There is a growing interest in harnessing natural compounds and bioactive phytochemicals to accelerate drug discovery and development, including in the treatment of human cancers. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are critical regulators of many fundamental cellular processes and have been implicated in cancer pathogenesis as well as targets for anticancer drug development. The members of TAM, Tyro3, Axl, and MERTK subfamily RTKs, especially Mer, affect immune homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment.

The Effect of Thermocycling on the Shear Bond Strength of Flash-free Brackets and Healing Dynamics of Enamel Microcracks: An Study.

Aim: This study evaluates long-term shear bond strength (SBS) and enamel micro cracks (MCs) healing after using adhesive pre-coated brackets (APC).

Materials And Methods: A total of eighty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups ( = 20 per group): Control group: Teeth underwent indentation but no bracket bonding; group II : Teeth were subjected to indentation without exposure to thermocycling; group III: Teeth experienced both indentation and thermocycling; group IV: No indentation was applied to the teeth; groups III and IV were further divided into two subgroups to simulate different clinical timelines: Subgroup A (n = 10): Teeth underwent 5,000 thermocycles, equivalent to six months of clinical use. Subgroup B (n = 10): Teeth were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles, representing 12 months of use.

Beliefs and attitudes of Syrian refugee mothers in Lebanon regarding children vaccination: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Vaccines have contributed to the disappearance of various diseases, and almost eradicated others across the world. Studies have shown that in Lebanon a profoundly small percentage of Syrian refugee children were fully immunized by routine vaccination services. Exploring the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents towards vaccination is of crucial importance, given the role of parents in children's immunization.

Antifungal Potentials of Asian Plants: Ethnobotanical Insights and Phytochemical Investigations.

Introduction: Ethnomedicinal plants in Asia offer a promising, low-side-effect alternative to synthetic drugs for treating fungal infections, one of the most widespread communicable diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. Despite being underexplored, the region's rich plant diversity holds the potential for developing effective antifungal drugs. Research is increasingly focused on bioactive compounds from these plants, which show strong antifungal properties and may serve as leads for new drug development.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as a primary presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, management strategies, and clinical outcome.

Background: Causes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea could be divided into primary (spontaneous) and secondary (head trauma and iatrogenic). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has emerged as a cause for spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea but is still underestimated, may be overlooked and needs special consideration in management. The objective of this study is to demonstrate spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea as the primary presentation of IIH and explore the algorithm of management.

Formulation development and evaluation, in silico PBPK modeling and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies of clozapine matrix type transdermal patches.

Clozapine is a potent serotonin receptor antagonist and commonly used for the treatment of Schizophrenia. The study aimed to develop and optimize the transdermal matrix patch of clozapine. A 3-level, 3-factor Central Composite Design was applied to examine and validate the impact of various formulation variables, Eudragit, PEG, and oleic acid on in vitro drug release, flux, and tensile strength (TS).

Mobile health van as an intervention to provide clinical support and health promotion to street children and marginalised populations in the National Capital Region of Delhi: a mixed-methods evaluation.

Background: Urban health challenges, particularly for street and slum-dwelling children and families, have emerged as one of the most significant health concerns in India. While there is little published on effective healthcare delivery to these populations, mobile health vans (MHV) have been proposed as a proactive pathway to providing outreach healthcare. Our aims were to evaluate the impact of Bal Umang Drishya Sanstha (BUDS) MHV in providing health and support services to the urban slum populations in Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), focusing on benefits to children.

Targeting mTOR Kinase with Natural Compounds: Potent ATP-Competitive Inhibition Through Enhanced Binding Mechanisms.

: The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling contributes to many human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Therefore, inhibitors against mTOR's catalytic kinase domain (KD) have been developed and have shown significant antitumor activities, making it a promising therapeutic target.

Immunotherapy in the Battle Against Bone Metastases: Mechanisms and Emerging Treatments.

Bone metastases are a prevalent complication in advanced cancers, particularly in breast, prostate, and lung cancers, and are associated with severe skeletal-related events (SREs), including fractures, spinal cord compression, and debilitating pain. Conventional bone-targeted treatments like bisphosphonates and RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) reduce osteoclast-mediated bone resorption but do not directly impact tumor progression within the bone. This review focuses on examining the growing potential of immunotherapy in targeting the unique challenges posed by bone metastases.