Determination of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic cutoff values of oxytetracycline in calves and adult cattle using population pharmacokinetic modeling.

Introduction: A harmonized clinical breakpoint for interpreting antimicrobial susceptibility testing of oxytetracycline in cattle is currently lacking in Europe. This study aimed to establish a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) cutoff to propose clinical breakpoints, facilitating reliable interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility results in cattle.

Methods: A meta-analysis of oxytetracycline pharmacokinetic data from 69 cattle was conducted, including 1,730 plasma concentration samples from animals administered 20 mg/kg intramuscularly and/or 20 or 40 mg/kg intravenously.

Implementation of Diagnostics with Macrolide-Resistance Detection Improves Patient Treatment Outcomes in Bulgaria.

The increasing prevalence of infections with macrolide-resistance, causing high azithromycin failure rates, is a major concern internationally. In response to this challenge, diagnostics that simultaneously detect and genetic markers for macrolide-resistance enable the therapy to be individually tailored, i.e.

A randomized trial on transphyseal vs. physeal-sparing reconstruction in skeletally immature patients: functional outcomes and safety considerations.

Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in Skeletally Immature Patients (SIP) poses challenges due to anatomical and developmental factors. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the Functional Recovery (FR) of pediatric patients undergoing ACL Reconstruction (ACLR), comparing Transphyseal Reconstruction (TPR) and physeal-sparing reconstruction (PSR). Forty-three young athletes (mean age 14.

Enhancing Bias Assessment for Complex Term Groups in Language Embedding Models: Quantitative Comparison of Methods.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being adopted to build products and aid in the decision-making process across industries. However, AI systems have been shown to exhibit and even amplify biases, causing a growing concern among people worldwide. Thus, investigating methods of measuring and mitigating bias within these AI-powered tools is necessary.

Novel Eu-Doped Glasses in the MoO-WO-LaO-BO System: Preparation, Structure and Photoluminescent Properties.

Novel multicomponent glasses with nominal compositions of (50-x)MoO:xWO:25LaO:25BO, x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mol% doped with 3 mol % EuO were prepared using a conventional melt-quenching method. Their structure, thermal behavior and luminescent properties were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The optical properties of the glasses were investigated by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and a determination of the refractive index.

Radiation Signature in Plasma Metabolome of Total-Body Irradiated Nonhuman Primates and Clinical Patients.

In the last decade, geopolitical instability across the globe has increased the risk of a large-scale radiological event, when radiation biomarkers would be needed for an effective triage of an irradiated population. Ionizing radiation elicits a complex response in the proteome, genome, and metabolome and hence can be leveraged as rapid and sensitive indicators of irradiation-induced damage. We analyzed the plasma of total-body irradiated (TBI) leukemia patients (n = 24) and nonhuman primates (NHPs; n = 10) before and 24 h after irradiation, and we performed a global metabolomic study aiming to provide plasma metabolites as candidate radiation biomarkers for biological dosimetry.

Second-generation piperazine derivatives as promising radiation countermeasures.

The increasing threat of nuclear incidents and the widespread use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medical treatments underscore the urgent need for effective radiation countermeasures. Despite the availability of compounds such as amifostine, their clinical utility is significantly limited by adverse side effects and logistical challenges in administration. This study focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of novel piperazine derivatives as potential radioprotective agents, with the aim of overcoming the limitations associated with current countermeasures.

Investigation of the Sensing Properties of Lanthanoid Metal-Organic Frameworks (Ln-MOFs) with Terephthalic Acid.

The solvothermal synthesis of LnClnHO with terephthalic acid (benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, HBDC) produced metal-organic frameworks (LnBDC), [Ln(BDC)(HO)], where Ln = Sm, Eu, Tb, and Dy. The materials obtained were characterized by a number of physico-chemical techniques. The influence of the ionic radius of the lanthanides on the microstructural characteristics of the Ln-MOFs was evaluated by performing Rietveld refinement.

Glass-Ceramic Materials with Luminescent Properties in the System ZnO-BO-NbO-EuO.

In this paper, the crystallization behavior of 50ZnO:47BO:3NbO:0.5EuO (G-0 h) glass has been investigated in detail by DSC, XRD and TEM analysis. The luminescent properties of the resulting glass-ceramics were also investigated.

"Core/Shell" Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of the Water Pollutants Malachite Green and Rhodamine B.

"Core/shell" composites are based on a ferrite core coated by two layers with different properties, one of them is an isolator, SiO, and the other is a semiconductor, TiO. These composites are attracting interest because of their structure, photocatalytic activity, and magnetic properties. Nanocomposites of the "core/shell" МFeO/SiO/TiO (М = Zn(II), Co(II)) type are synthesized with a core of MFeO produced by two different methods, namely the sol-gel method (SG) using propylene oxide as a gelling agent and the hydrothermal method (HT).

Effect of the Addition of WO on the Structure and Luminescent Properties of ZnO-BO:Eu Glass.

Glasses with the compositions in mol % of 50ZnO:(50 - x)BO:0.5EuO:xWO, x = 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 were obtained by applying the melt-quenching method and investigated by Raman spectroscopy, DSC analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Raman spectra revealed that tungstate ions incorporate into the base zinc borate glass as tetrahedral [WO] groups, and octahedral [WØO] species with four bridging and two non-bridging oxygen atoms.

Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activity and Tubulin Dynamics Modulation of 1-Benzimidazol-2-yl Hydrazones in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231.

(1) Background: The aim of the work is the evaluation of in vitro antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of four benzimidazole derivatives containing colchicine-like and catechol-like moieties with methyl group substitution in the benzimidazole ring against highly invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and their related impairment of tubulin dynamics. (2) Methods: The antiproliferative activity was assessed with the MTT assay. Alterations in tubulin polymerization were evaluated with an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay and a docking analysis.

Pharmacokinetics of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in chickens.

N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) has been suggested as an antioxidant that can alleviate the negative effects of stress conditions in broilers. However, knowledge of its pharmacokinetics (PK) in this avian species is very limited. Therefore, the study aimed to shed more light on the PK properties of NAC in chickens.

Low Doses of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Alone or in Combination with a Mycotoxin Binder Affect ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA Expression in the Intestines of Pigs.

Mycotoxin binders, in combination with enzymes degrading some mycotoxins, contribute to feed detoxification. Their use reduces economic losses and the negative impacts of mycotoxins on animal health and productivity in farm animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mycotoxin detoxifier on the expression of the ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA, which transport xenobiotics and thus have a barrier function, in the tissues of pigs exposed to low doses of deoxynivalenol (DON, 1 mg/kg feed) and zearalenone (ZEN, 0.

Effects of Erythropoietin-Promoted Fracture Healing on Bone Turnover Markers in Cats.

In orthopaedics, erythropoietin (EPO) is applied in the preoperative management of anaemic patients, but also as a stimulating factor to assist bone regeneration due to its angiogenic and osteoinductive potential. Since orthopaedists mainly rely on their clinical experience to assess bone healing, additional and more objective methods such as studying the dynamics of bone markers are needed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the plasma activity of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) during the first 2 months of healing of comminuted fractures in cats, either non-stimulated or locally stimulated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO).

A narrative review of the phenomenon of predatory journals to create awareness among researchers in veterinary medicine.

In recent years, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of predatory journals has increased significantly. Predatory journals exploit the "open-access model" by engaging in deceptive practices such as charging high publication fees without providing the expected quality and performing insufficient or no peer review. Such behaviors undermine the integrity of scientific research and can result in researchers having trouble identifying reputable publication opportunities, particularly early-career researchers who struggle to understand and establish the correct criteria for publication in reputable journals.

Structure and Luminescent Properties of Niobium-Modified ZnO-BO:Eu Glass.

The effect of the addition of NbO (up to 5 mol%) on the structure and luminescent properties of ZnO-BO glass doped with 0.5 mol% (1.32 × 10) EuO was investigated by applying infrared (IR), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.

LC-MS/MS determination of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in chicken plasma.

N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) shows beneficial effects in cases of aflatoxicosis and heat stress in poultry but little is known about its pharmacokinetics in chickens. Therefore, the study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method for quantitative analysis of NAC in chicken plasma. A split calibration curve approach was used for determination of NAC in chicken plasma.

Network Structure and Luminescent Properties of ZnO-BO-BiO-WO:Eu Glasses.

In this study, we investigated the influence of BiO and WO on both structure and optical properties of 50ZnO:(49 - x)BO:1BiO:xWO; x = 1, 5, 10 glasses doped with 0.5 mol% EuO. IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of trigonal BØ units connecting superstructural groups, [BØO] metaborate groups, tetrahedral BØ units in superstructural groupings (Ø = bridging oxygen atom), borate triangles with nonbridging oxygen atoms, [WO] tetrahedral, and octahedral WO species.

Monitoring of monkeypox viral DNA in Prague wastewater.

Monkeypox virus (Mpxv) is a dsDNA virus that has become a global concern for human health in 2022. As both infected people and non-human hosts can shed the virus from their skin, faeces, urine and other body fluids, and the resulting sewage contains viral load representative of the whole population, it is highly promising to detect the spread of monkeypox virus in municipal wastewater. We established a methodology for sewage-based monitoring of Mpxv in Prague and analysed samples (n = 24) already early August-October of 2022 in a municipality with 1.

Effect of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine on Activity of Doxycycline against Biofilm-Forming Bacterial Strains.

Biofilm-forming bacteria are associated with difficult-to-cure bacterial infections in veterinary patients. According to previous studies, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) showed an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation when it was applied in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones. The lack of information about the effect of NAC on doxycycline activity against biofilm-forming strains was the reason for conducting this study.

RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: Inter-Assay Comparison of Eight Dosimetry Assays.

Tools for radiation exposure reconstruction are required to support the medical management of radiation victims in radiological or nuclear incidents. Different biological and physical dosimetry assays can be used for various exposure scenarios to estimate the dose of ionizing radiation a person has absorbed. Regular validation of the techniques through inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) is essential to guarantee high quality results.

Preclinical evaluation of sentinel node localization in the stomach via mannose-labelled magnetic nanoparticles and indocyanine green.

Background: Gastrectomy with extended (D2) lymphadenectomy is considered standard of care for gastric cancer to provide the best possible outcomes and pathologic staging. However, D2 gastrectomy is a technically demanding operation and reported to be associated with increased complications and mortality. Application of sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept in gastric cancer has the potential to reduce patient morbidity; however, SLN techniques are not established for gastrectomy, in part due to lack of practical tracers.

Case series: Cariprazine in early-onset schizophrenia.

Introduction: Negative symptoms are part of the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia and their presence is associated with a poorer prognosis, significantly limited vocational opportunities, impaired quality of life and social functioning. In the clinical practice, treatment of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, is a challenge. Cariprazine is a novel partial agonist of D3 and D2 receptors, and shows a high affinity for D3, with good tolerability, good response to schizophrenic symptoms and limited side effects.

RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay.

The goal of the RENEB inter-laboratory comparison 2021 exercise was to simulate a large-scale radiation accident involving a network of biodosimetry labs. Labs were required to perform their analyses using different biodosimetric assays in triage mode scoring and to rapidly report estimated radiation doses to the organizing institution. This article reports the results obtained with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay.