Pharmacokinetic and Exposure-Response Modeling Support Body Surface Area-Based Dosing of Farletuzumab Ecteribulin in Japanese Patients with Solid Tumors.

The first-in-human, Phase 1 Study 101 showed antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile of farletuzumab ecteribulin in Japanese patients with platinum-resistant ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer. A pharmacometric assessment evaluated farletuzumab ecteribulin pharmacokinetics and exposure-response (E-R) relationships for efficacy and safety to support dose optimization. Patients received 0.

Influence of Hospital Bed Count on the Positioning of Cardiovascular Interventional Radiology (IR) Nurses: Online Questionnaire Survey of Japanese IR-Specialized Radiological Technologists.

Background/objectives: Interventional radiology (IR) utilizing X-rays can lead to occupational radiation exposure, posing health risks for medical personnel in the field. We previously conducted a survey on the occupational radiation exposure of IR nurses in three designated emergency hospitals in Japan. Our findings indicated that a hospital with 214 beds showed a higher lens-equivalent dose than hospitals with 678 and 1182 beds because the distance between the X-ray irradiation field and the IR nurse's position of the hospital with 214 beds was shorter than those of 678 and 1182 beds.

Factors Related to Blood Loss During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Background: The safety and efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery have improved with the development of new equipment and improved surgical techniques. However, it is accompanied by the risk of complications. Intraoperative blood loss is an important factor in the safe conduct of surgery.

Introduction of acetyl-phosphate bypass and increased culture temperatures enhanced growth-coupled poly-hydroxybutyrate production in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002.

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is an attractive bio-degradable plastic alternative to petrochemical plastics. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria accumulate biomass by fixing atmospheric CO, making them promising hosts for sustainable PHA production. Conventional PHA production in cyanobacteria requires prolonged cultivation under nutrient limitation to accumulate cellular PHA.

Co-precipitating calcium phosphate as oral detoxification of cadmium.

Bone-eating (also known as osteophagia), found in wild animals, is primarily recognized as a means to supplement phosphorus and calcium intake. Herein, we describe a novel function of bone-eating in detoxifying heavy metal ions through the dissolution and co-precipitation of bone minerals as they travel through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal ion, served as a toxic model.

Evidence for successful gastric perfusion computed tomography with low-radiation dose.

Objective: To investigate how the blood flow analysis changes by varying the radiation dose of gastric perfusion CT (PCT) and to prove that a low-radiation dose of PCT is feasible.

Methods: 5 Beagle dogs were used in a crossover study with 6 groups of varying radiation doses. Iodixanol was IV administered at 3.

DECODE enables high-throughput mapping of antibody epitopes at single amino acid resolution.

Antibodies are extensively used in biomedical research, clinical fields, and disease treatment. However, to enhance the reproducibility and reliability of antibody-based experiments, it is crucial to have a detailed understanding of the antibody's target specificity and epitope. In this study, we developed a high-throughput and precise epitope analysis method, DECODE (Decoding Epitope Composition by Optimized-mRNA-display, Data analysis, and Expression sequencing).

Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation Promotes Bone Healing via Gap Junction-Mediated Cell-Cell Interaction.

Aims: Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) are a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells that have been widely used in experimental therapies for patients with various diseases, including fractures.Activation of angiogenesis is believed to be one of the major modes of action of BM-MNCs; however, the essential mechanism by which BM-MNCs activate angiogenesis remains elusive. This study aimed to demonstrate that BM-MNCs promote bone healing by enhancing angiogenesis through direct cell-to-cell interactions via gap junctions, in addition to a previously reported method.

Efficacy of switching to brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to faricimab.

Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of switching to intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) which did not achieve a dry macula even with 4- or 8-week intervals of intravitreal faricimab (IVF).

Study Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 33 eyes of 33 consecutive patients with nAMD who switched to IVBr from IVF, assessing best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal thickness (FT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), and exudative status at baseline and after the switch.

Combined Effects of Dietary Guidance and Prosthodontic Rehabilitation on Nutritional Biomarkers in Edentulous Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Previous studies have suggested that providing dietary guidance along with denture treatment may improve dietary diversity in edentulous patients; however, none have examined the effects on nutritional blood biomarkers. This study investigated the effects of individualized dietary guidance combined with complete denture treatment on nutritional blood biomarker levels, dietary intake, and masticatory function. Materials and methods This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled trial.

Clinical and genetic spectrum of patients with IRF2BPL syndrome.

Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein-like (IRF2BPL) is a single-exon gene that is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, including the brain. IRF2BPL encodes a transcription factor with two zinc-finger domains that potentially downregulate WNT signaling in the nervous system. Pathogenic IRF2BPL variants have been reported to cause developmental delay, seizures, myoclonus epilepsies, autistic spectrum disorder, and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Excited-State Proton Transfer Dynamics of Cyanonaphthol in Protic Ionic Liquids: Concerted Effects of Basicity of Anions and Alkyl Carbons in Cations.

Excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) reactions of 5-cyano-2-naphthol (5CN2) and 5,8-dicyano-2-naphthol (DCN2) were investigated in protic ionic liquids (PILs) composed of quaternary ammonium (NH) ( = 2, 4, or 8) and hexanoate (CHCOO) using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The effects of the number of alkyl carbons in the cation and the basicity of the anion on the reaction yield and dynamics were examined. In a series of [NH][CHCOO], fluorescence from the hydrogen-bonding complex (AHBX) of a proton-dissociated form (RO) with a solvent acid in the electronic excited state was observed between the fluorescence bands of an acidic form (ROH) and an anionic form (RO) as in the case of [NH][CFCOO] (Fujii et al.

ESCARGOT: An AI Agent Leveraging Large Language Models, Dynamic Graph of Thoughts, and Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Enhanced Reasoning.

Motivation: LLMs like GPT-4, despite their advancements, often produce hallucinations and struggle with integrating external knowledge effectively. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) attempts to address this by incorporating external information, it faces significant challenges such as context length limitations and imprecise vector similarity search. ESCARGOT aims to overcome these issues by combining LLMs with a dynamic Graph of Thoughts and biomedical knowledge graphs, improving output reliability and reducing hallucinations.

Long-term outcomes after a radioactive iodine treatment for a single autonomous functioning thyroid nodule in Japan.

We investigated the association between a 500 MBq dose of radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) and both thyroid nodule volume and thyroid function in patients with a single autonomous functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN). We retrospectively studied 201 patients with an AFTN who received RAIT at a dose of 500 MBq and were followed up for more than 2 years. Thyroid function at diagnosis, thyroid antibody positivity, treatment with antithyroid drugs before RAIT, cystic components of the nodule, and I uptake outside the nodule were assessed.

Viral Membrane-Targeting Amphipathic Helical Peptide-Based Fluorogenic Probes for the Analysis of Infectious Titers of Enveloped Viruses.

Enveloped viruses have caused the majority of epidemics and pandemics over the past decade. Direct sensing of virus particles (virions) holds great potential for the functional analysis of enveloped viruses. Here, we explore a series of viral membrane-targeting amphipathic helical (AH) peptide-based molecular probes for the assessment of infectious titers of the human coronavirus 229E virus (HCoV-229E).

WDR74-Mediated Ribosome Biogenesis and Proteome Dynamics During Mouse Preimplantation Development.

Preimplantation embryonic development is orchestrated by dynamic changes in the proteome and transcriptome, regulated by mechanisms such as maternal-to-zygotic transition. Here, we employed label-free quantitative proteomics to comprehensively analyze proteome dynamics from germinal vesicle oocytes to blastocysts in mouse embryos. We identified 3490 proteins, including 715 consistently detected across all stages, revealing stage-specific changes in proteins associated with translation, protein modification, and mitochondrial metabolism.

Elective Treatment Strategy for Knee Prosthetic Joint Infection.

Introduction: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a complication, rarely encountered in daily clinical practice, but its treatment is frequently unsuccessful. In this report, we describe the treatment strategy used at our hospital, which has provided stable therapeutic results.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of infections following knee arthroplasty at our hospital between April 2005 and December 2022.

Factors associated with physical activity in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer during outpatient chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the physical activity level of patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer during outpatient chemotherapy and the factors associated with decreased physical activity levels after drug administration.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, activity intensity and steps were measured using an accelerometer in 39 patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer for 1 week before and after drug administration. Furthermore, the participants responded to a questionnaire on their lifestyles.

Machine learning models for dementia screening to classify brain amyloid positivity on positron emission tomography using blood markers and demographic characteristics: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Intracerebral amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation is considered the initial observable event in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Efficient screening for amyloid pathology is critical for identifying patients for early treatment. This study developed machine learning models to classify positron emission tomography (PET) Aβ-positivity in participants with preclinical and prodromal AD using data accessible to primary care physicians.

Role of polyamines in intestinal mucosal barrier function.

The intestinal epithelium is a rapidly self-renewing tissue; the rapid turnover prevents the invasion of pathogens and harmful components from the intestinal lumen, preventing inflammation and infectious diseases. Intestinal epithelial barrier function depends on the epithelial cell proliferation and junctions, as well as the state of the immune system in the lamina propria. Polyamines, particularly putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are essential for many cell functions and play a crucial role in mammalian cellular homeostasis, such as that of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance, through multiple biological processes, including translation, transcription, and autophagy.

Gemcitabine-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Identifying the Appropriate Dose and Schedule.

Background In 2024, reimbursement for gemcitabine-docetaxel therapy (GEM-DOC; gemcitabine 900 mg/m on days 1 and 8 and docetaxel 70 mg/m on day 8 every 21 days, GEM 900-DOC 70) to treat recurrent/metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) was made in Japan. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of advanced/metastatic STS patients who underwent off-label gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy at the Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research between February 2007 and October 2019. Results Of 115 enrolled patients, 51 were treated with GEM-DOC (26 patients received the dose as previously stated) and the other 64 with gemcitabine monotherapy.

Relationship between growth differentiation factor 15 and functional prognosis and severity in traumatic brain injury.

Circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) increases in response to inflammation and tissue damage. Its association with functional prognosis in cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage is established; however, its role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its relationship with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, an indicator of systemic organ damage in TBI, remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the correlation between GDF-15 and functional outcomes at discharge in patients with TBI and stroke, including its association with SOFA scores in TBI.

Cesarean delivery on child health and development in Japanese nationwide birth cohort.

The long-term effects of cesarean delivery (CD) on child health and development remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate these effects using an outcome-wide approach in a Japanese context, where perinatal mortality rates are among the world's lowest. We analyzed data from 2,114 children in a nationwide Japanese birth cohort, linking the 21st Century Longitudinal Survey of Newborns with the Perinatal Research Network database.