Biotransformation of anthelmintics in nematodes in relation to drug resistance.

In all organisms, the biotransformation of xenobiotics to less toxic and more hydrophilic compounds represents an effective defense strategy. In pathogens, the biotransformation of drugs (used for their elimination from the host) may provide undesirable protective effects that could potentially compromise the drug's efficacy. Accordingly, increased drug deactivation via accelerated biotransformation is now considered as one of the mechanisms of drug resistance.

Accidental detection of malaria by the haematology analyser in a patient at the Adult Emergency Department of the Motol University Hospital.

In a febrile patient admitted to the Adult Emergency Department, the haematology analyser detected the presence of erythrocytes infected with plasmodia. The finding was confirmed by thin smear and thick drop microscopy. A 43-year-old male patient was admitted to the Emergency Department with fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and pain in the upper abdomen.

Kolařík L., Horáková D., Vlčková J., Matoušková I.: Epidemiological situation of Hodgkin's lymphoma with predictive modeling of global incidence and mortality in 2040.

The Aim Of The Work: The aim of our work was to describe the current epidemiological situation of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with a possible global prediction for the year 2040.

Methods: We obtained data on incidence and mortality of HL using the GLOBOCAN database. The rating was done specifically for men and women and together, with an age range of 0-85+ years.

Contrasting strategies in morphological and physiological response to drought stress among temperate forest understory forbs and graminoids.

Drought stress can profoundly affect plant growth and physiological vitality, yet there is a notable scarcity of controlled drought experiments focused on herbaceous species of the forest understorey. In this study, we collected seeds from five forb and four graminoid species common in European temperate forests. Seeds were germinated under controlled glasshouse conditions and subjected to moderate drought stress for 5 weeks.

Metrics for evaluation of automatic epileptogenic zone localization in intracranial electrophysiology.

Introduction: Precise localization of the epileptogenic zone is critical for successful epilepsy surgery. However, imbalanced datasets in terms of epileptic vs. normal electrode contacts and a lack of standardized evaluation guidelines hinder the consistent evaluation of automatic machine learning localization models.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Is Accompanied by Increased Activities of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Carbonyl Reductase 1 and Levels of miR-200b-3p in Mouse Models.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), one of the leading causes of chronic liver disorders, is characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. MASLD causes alterations in the antioxidant defense system, lipid, and drug metabolism, resulting in impaired antioxidant status, hepatic metabolic processes, and clearance of therapeutic drugs, respectively. In the MASLD pathogenesis, dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms (e.

Rapid adaptive evolution of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in response to biotechnologically induced host resistance.

Genetic editing of the germline using CRISPR/Cas9 technology has made it possible to alter livestock traits, including the creation of resistance to viral diseases. However, virus adaptability could present a major obstacle in this effort. Recently, chickens resistant to avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) were developed by deleting a single amino acid, W38, within the ALV-J receptor NHE1 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.

Phylogenetic and transcriptomic study of aldo-keto reductases in Haemonchus contortus and their inducibility by flubendazole.

Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), a superfamily of NADP(H)-dependent oxidoreductases, catalyze the oxidoreduction of a wide variety of eobiotic and xenobiotic aldehydes and ketones. In mammals, AKRs play essential roles in hormone and xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and drug resistance, but little is known about these enzymes in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. In the present study, 22 AKR genes existing in the H.

In silico prediction of polyketide biosynthetic gene clusters in the genomes of Hypericum-borne endophytic fungi.

Background: The search for new bioactive natural compounds with anticancer activity is still of great importance. Even though their potential for diagnostics and treatment of cancer has already been proved, the availability is still limited. Hypericin, a naphthodianthrone isolated essentially from plant source Hypericum perforatum L.

An Unusual Two-Domain Thyropin from Tick Saliva: NMR Solution Structure and Highly Selective Inhibition of Cysteine Cathepsins Modulated by Glycosaminoglycans.

The structure and biochemical properties of protease inhibitors from the thyropin family are poorly understood in parasites and pathogens. Here, we introduce a novel family member, Ir-thyropin (IrThy), which is secreted in the saliva of ticks, vectors of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. The IrThy molecule consists of two consecutive thyroglobulin type-1 (Tg1) domains with an unusual disulfide pattern.

Temperature-dependent elasticity of DNA, RNA, and hybrid double helices.

Nucleic acid double helices in their DNA, RNA, and DNA-RNA hybrid form play a fundamental role in biology and are main building blocks of artificial nanostructures, but how their properties depend on temperature remains poorly understood. Here, we report thermal dependence of dynamic bending persistence length, twist rigidity, stretch modulus, and twist-stretch coupling for DNA, RNA, and hybrid duplexes between 7°C and 47°C. The results are based on all-atom molecular dynamics simulations using different force field parameterizations.

Flubendazole carbonyl reduction in drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus: changes during the life cycle and possible inhibition.

Carbonyl-reducing enzymes (CREs) catalyse the reduction of carbonyl groups in many eobiotic and xenobiotic compounds in all organisms, including helminths. Previous studies have shown the important roles of CREs in the deactivation of several anthelmintic drugs (e.g.

Temperature-Dependent Twist of Double-Stranded RNA Probed by Magnetic Tweezer Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

RNA plays critical roles in the transmission and regulation of genetic information and is increasingly used in biomedical and biotechnological applications. Functional RNAs contain extended double-stranded regions, and the structure of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been revealed at high resolution. However, the dependence of the properties of the RNA double helix on environmental effects, notably temperature, is still poorly understood.

Comparative Analysis of miRNA and EMT Markers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignant condition in the world. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) as well as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC. We performed a comparative analysis of the expression of selected miRNA genes and EMT markers in bioptic samples from patients (n = 45) with primary CRC or metastatic (m)CRC to the regional lymph node using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and IHC staining.

Atmospheric mercury and its deposition during the phasing out of an amalgam electrolysis plant: temporal, seasonal, and spatial patterns.

Large amounts of mercury (Hg) were consumed and emitted into the atmosphere during the process of amalgam electrolysis used to produce chlorine and caustic soda since the nineteenth century. In Europe, amalgam electrolysis has been gradually replaced by advanced Hg-free technologies. In this work, we describe changes in atmospheric Hg and bulk Hg wet deposition during the phasing out of an amalgam electrolytic production line of a chlor-alkali plant in Neratovice, Czech Republic, central Europe.

Geochemical behavior of heavy metals and radionuclides in a pit lake affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) in the Muskau Arch (Poland).

Pit lakes in the 'anthropogenic lake district' in the Muskau Arch (western Poland; central Europe) are strongly affected by acid mine drainage (AMD). The studied acidic pit lake, ŁK-61 (pH <3), is also exposed to floods due to its location in the flood hazard area, which may significantly influence the geochemical behavior of elements. The elemental compositions of water and lake sediment samples were measured with ICP-OES and ICP-MS.

Anthelmintics in the environment: Their occurrence, fate, and toxicity to non-target organisms.

Anthelmintics are drugs used for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by parasitic worms (helminths). While the importance of anthelmintics in human as well as in veterinary medicine is evident, they represent emerging contaminants of the environment. Human anthelmintics are mainly used in tropical and sub-tropical regions, while veterinary anthelmintics have become frequently-occurring environmental pollutants worldwide due to intensive agri- and aquaculture production.

Responses of diatom composition and teratological forms to environmental pollution in a post-mining lake (SW Poland).

Various types of environmental stressors, such as heavy metals, lignite residues, or extremely low water pH, cause the formation of teratological forms of diatoms during the reproductive cycle. The damage mainly includes an abnormal diatom valve outline, changes in the striation pattern, anomalies in the raphe line/sternum, reduction in the cell size, metabolism alterations, or combined deformities. Diatom remains with such morphological deformities occur in the sediments of post-mining lake ŁK-46 (SW Poland).

Effects of butyl benzyl phthalate exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the post-involution mammary gland.

The mammary gland undergoes comprehensive reorganization during pregnancy, lactation, and subsequent involution. Following involution, the mammary gland has structural and functional differences compared to the gland of a nulliparous female. These parity-associated changes are regulated by hormones and may be vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).

Remarks on Geomatics Measurement Methods Focused on Forestry Inventory.

This contribution focuses on a comparison of modern geomatics technologies for the derivation of growth parameters in forest management. The present text summarizes the results of our measurements over the last five years. As a case project, a mountain spruce forest with planned forest logging was selected.

Out of balance: conflicts of interest persist in food chemicals determined to be generally recognized as safe.

Manufacturers of chemicals added to food are responsible for determining that the use of their products is safe. There are two major legal definitions of chemicals in food: (1) food additives which includes ingredients and chemicals indirectly entering food from packaging and processing equipment, and (2) generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substances mostly used as ingredients. The law requires food additives to undergo approval by the U.

Anthelmintic activity of European fern extracts against Haemonchus contortus.

Most drugs used in the treatment of helminthiasis in humans and animals have lost their efficacy due to the development of drug-resistance in helminths. Moreover, since anthelmintics, like many pharmaceuticals, are now recognized as hazardous contaminants of the environment, returning to medicinal plants and their products represents an environmentally friendly way to treat helminthiasis. The goal of the present study was to test the anthelminthic activity of methanol extracts of eight selected European ferns from the genera Dryopteris, Athyrium and Blechnum against the nematode Haemonchus contortus, a widespread parasite of small ruminants.

Pollinator visitation closely tracks diurnal patterns in pollen release.

Premise: Animal-pollinated plants face a high risk of pollen loss during its transfer. To limit the negative effect of pollen losses by pollen consumption and heterospecific transfer, plant species may adjust and stratify their pollen availability during the day (i.e.

Albendazole from ovine excrements in soil and plants under real agricultural conditions: Distribution, persistence, and effects.

Albendazole (ABZ), a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug frequently used in livestock against parasitic worms (helminths), enters the environment mainly via faeces of treated animals left in the pastures or used as dung for field fertilization. To obtain information about the subsequent fate of ABZ, the distribution of ABZ and its metabolites in the soil around faeces along with uptake and effects in plants were monitored under real agricultural conditions. Sheep were treated with a recommended dose of ABZ; faeces were collected and used to fertilize fields with fodder plants.

Short-chain dehydrogenases in Haemonchus contortus: changes during life cycle and in relation to drug-resistance.

Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) regulate the activities of many hormones and other signaling molecules and participate in the deactivation of various carbonyl-bearing xenobiotics. Nevertheless, knowledge about these important enzymes in helminths remains limited. The aim of our study was to characterize the SDR superfamily in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.