Glycolic acid and ultrasonic activation: Effects on smear layer removal, dentin penetration, dentin structure and bond strength of the root dentin filling material.

Background: Glycolic acid (GA) has been tested as enamel and dentin etchant, and final irrigant for smear layer removal. This study evaluated the effects of GA and ultrasonic activation (US) on smear layer removal, dentin penetration, dentin structure and bond strength of the root dentin filling material.

Material And Methods: The root canals of 210 teeth were distributed into four test groups: smear layer removal (N=50), dentin penetration (N=50), dentin structure (N=10) and bond strength (N=100).

Aspects of glass and hybridization protocols for bonding of fiber posts to root dentine.

This study evaluated bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin using push-out (PO) and diametral compression (DC), testing glycolic acid as a conditioner and varying dentin moisture. An additional aim was to test whether DC can be an alternative test to PO for bond strength assessment. Eighty bovine teeth were divided into eight groups (n = 10) defined by the use of either 37% glycolic acid or 37% phosphoric acid (PA) on moist or wet dentin before bonding with either Adapter SingleBond/RelyX ARC or One Step Plus/Duo-Link Bisco.

Antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity and erosive potential of hypochlorous acid obtained from an electrolytic device compared with sodium hypochlorite.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity, cleaning ability, and erosion of dentine of hypochlorous acid (HClO) obtained from an electrolytic device at two different concentrations (Dentaqua) and three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).

Methods: Microbiological test-The root canals of sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 6 groups (n = 10), according to decontamination protocol: DW (control); 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.

Antimicrobial action and cytotoxicity of hypochlorous acid obtained from an innovative electrolytic device - An in vitro study.

Objective: This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of hypochlorous acid(HClO) obtained from an innovative electrolytic device.

Design: The root canals of fifty extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): DW (control); 2% chlorhexidine gel(CHX); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl); 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO.

Does photobiomodulation on the root surface decrease the occurrence of root resorption in reimplanted teeth? A systematic review of animal studies.

Unlabelled: This review aimed to answer the following question "Does photobiomodulation treatment of the root surface decrease the occurrence of root resorption in reimplanted teeth?" Electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Grey Literature Report databases. Risk of bias was evaluated using SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) tool was used to assess the certainty of evidence.

Dentinal tubule penetration of sodium hypochlorite in root canals with and without mechanical preparation and different irrigant activation methods.

Objectives: This study evaluated the dentinal penetration depth of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canals with and without preparation and different irrigant activation protocols.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-three bovine mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to 6 groups ( = 10): G1, preparation + conventional needle irrigation (CNI); G2, preparation + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3, preparation + Odous Clean (OC); G4, no preparation + CNI; G5, no preparation + PUI; G6, no preparation + OC; and CG (negative control; = 3).

Effectiveness of ultrasonic activation over glycolic acid on microhardness, cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of the root dentin.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic activation (US) over glycolic acid on microhardness, cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of root dentin, comparing with conventional final irrigation protocols.

Methods: Samples were obtained from 140 extracted bovine teeth and distributed into four test groups: microhardness (50 teeth), cohesive strength (15 teeth), flexural strength (15 teeth), and fracture resistance (60 teeth). In all four tests, specimens were subdivided into five groups, according to final irrigation protocols: G1: distilled water (DW); G2: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); G3: 17% glycolic acid (GA); G4: 17% EDTA + US; and G5: 17% GA + US.

Influence of photodynamic therapy, different final irrigants, and ultrasonic activation on the bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT), different final irrigants, and ultrasonic activation (US) on the bond strength of glass fiber posts (GFP) to root dentin.

Methods: One hundred twenty bovine roots were divided into 12 groups according to PDT application, the type of final endodontic irrigant, and US. The samples were divided into 12 groups (n = 10): G1-DW(distilled water); G2-DW+US; G3-17% EDTA; G4-17% EDTA+US; G5-17% GA (glycolic acid); G6-17% GA+US; G7-PDT+DW; G8-PDT+DW+US; G9-PDT+17% EDTA; G10-PDT+17% EDTA+US; G11-PDT+17% GA; G12-PDT+17% GA+US.

Effect of bioceramic root canal sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with resin cements.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of calcium silicate-based sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts using conventional and self-adhesive resin cement. Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected. The canals were prepared with a reciprocating instrument 40.

Effect of glycolic acid and EDTA on dentin mechanical properties.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycolic acid (GA) and EDTA on dentin mechanical properties. For the cohesive strength, flexural strength and fracture strength tests, the hourglass of root dentin, dentin sticks and roots standardised to 1 mm thickness were used respectively. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis (P < 0.

Oral bacterial decontamination using an innovative prototype for photocatalytic disinfection.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype photocatalytic device for bacterial decontaminations of the oral cavity.

Methods: Sixty-four subjects (18-65) were selected and randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 8), according to oral disinfection protocol: (G1): distilled water (control); (G2): 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP); (G3): 3.

Influence of the apical limit of instrumentation and photodynamic therapy on the postoperative pain of lower molars with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

Introduction: The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of apical limit of instrumentation and PDT on the postoperative pain of lower molars with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

Methods: Forty patients were included in the present study and were divided into 4 groups (n=10), according to apical limit of instrumentation and use of PDT: instrumentation at 0.0 measurement; instrumentation at 0.

Influence of ultrasonic activation on antimicrobial activity of a new final irrigant containing glycolic acid: An in vitro study.

This study evaluated the influence of ultrasonic activation (US) on the antimicrobial activity of a new final irrigant containing glycolic acid (GA). Extracted teeth were used, being 70 to counting of colony-forming units (CFUs) and 35 to confocal laser scanning microscopy. Samples were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 7 groups: distilled water + US; 17% EDTA; Qmix; 17% GA; 17% EDTA + US; QMix + US; and 17% GA + US and kept in contact with test solution for 1 min in the groups with or no US.

Influence of a glycolic acid-based final irrigant for photosensitizer removal of photodynamic therapy on the microhardness and colour change of the dentin structure.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of glycolic acid-based final irrigant for photosensitizer removal of photodynamic therapy on the microhardness and colour change of the dentin structure.

Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted human incisors were used. Sample preparation and root split resulted in 160 samples, 80 samples being used for microhardness and 80 samples for colour change evaluation.

Effect of a new irrigant solution containing glycolic acid on smear layer removal and chemical/mechanical properties of dentin.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glycolic acid (GA) (with pH 1.2 and 5) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the chemical and mechanical properties of dentin to investigate the potential use of GA as final irrigant in the root canal therapy. Specifically, changes in microhardness, smear layer removal, erosion, mineral content distribution, apatite/collagen ratio and flexural strength of mineralized dentin treated with GA were assessed.

Antibacterial Efficacy of the Grape Seed Extract as an Irrigant for Root Canal Preparation.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare relative effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite 5.25% (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) and 6.5 % grape seed extract (GSE) against Enterococcus faecalis using instrument Reciproc R25 in root canal preparation.

Association of calcium hypochlorite, reciprocating instrumentation and photodynamic therapy: Antimicrobial analysis and effects on root dentin structure.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action of calcium hypochlorite(Ca[OCl]) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with reciprocating instrumentation and photodynamic therapy(PDT), and its influence on root dentin structure.

Methods: One hundred and ten human teeth were used to antimicrobial evaluation, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 11 groups (n = 10): G1 - distilled water(control); G2-1 % NaOCl; G3-5.25 % NaOCl; G4-1 % Ca(OCl); G5-5.

Antimicrobial activity of glycolic acid as a final irrigant solution for root canal preparation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of glycolic acid (GA) at different concentrations as a final irrigant during the preparation of root canals. The sample consisted of 77 extracted single-rooted human teeth with complete root formation, no previous endodontic treatment, and a root length of at least 14 mm. The root canals were prepared in a standardized manner with a rotary file system.

Glycolic acid: Characterization of a new final irrigant and effects on flexural strength and structural integrity of dentin.

The aim of this study was to characterize glycolic acid (GA) and examine its effects on powder and flexural strength of dentin. Particle size and energy-dispersive EDS in GA powder was performed for chemical analysis. Surface tension and pH levels of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and GA solutions were evaluated at different times and temperatures.

Influence of final irrigation protocols and type of resin cement on bond strength of glass fiber posts in root dentin previously treated with photodynamic therapy.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of final irrigation protocols and type of resin cement on the bond strength of glass fiber posts (GFPs) in root dentin previously treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods: One hundred root canals were prepared up to #4 Gates Glidden drill to receive the GFPs. All samples were subjected to PDT, and randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to final irrigation protocol: distilled water + ultrasonic activation [US]; 17% EDTA; QMix; 17% EDTA + US; and QMix + US.

Glycolic acid as the final irrigant in endodontics: Mechanical and cytotoxic effects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glycolic acid (GA) on the microhardness, roughness, dentin mineral content distribution; smear layer removal and cytotoxicity. One hundred human teeth were randomly divided into six groups: distilled water (control group), 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid (CA), 5% GA, 10% GA, and, 17% GA. Microhardness and roughness were measured in the canal lumen.

Influence of final irrigation protocols and endodontic sealer on bond strength of root filling material with root dentin previously treated with photodynamic therapy.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of final irrigation protocols and endodontic sealer on bond strength of root filling material on root dentin previously treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods: One hundred root canals were prepared up to #F3 file of Pro-Taper system to receive the root filling material. All samples were submitted to PDT and randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to final irrigation protocols: Group 1-distilled water + ultrasonic activation (US); Group 2-17% EDTA; Group 3-QMix; Group 4-17% EDTA + US; Group 5-QMix + US.

Fracture Strength and Stress Distribution in Premolars Restored with Cast Post-and-Cores or Glass-Fiber Posts Considering the Influence of Ferule.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ferule and the post type on the fracture strength and stress distribution in premolars.

Materials And Methods: Forty human mandibular premolars were decoronated, allocated in four groups, and restored as follows: CPC-NF: cast post-and-core and absence of ferule; CPC-F: cast post-and-core and presence of ferule; FPC-NF: glass-fiber posts and absence of ferule; FPC-F: glass-fiber posts and presence of ferule. The fracture strength (FS) and failure patterns were evaluated.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Synthetic and Natural-Derived Novel Endodontic Irrigant Solutions.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE), calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)2], and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigant solutions with rotary or reciprocating instrumentation for disinfection of root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. The mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days. The roots were then randomly divided into the following eight experimental groups (n=11) according to the instrumentation technique and disinfection protocol: ProTaper Next or Reciproc R25 with sodium chloride (control group), 6% NaOCl, 6% Ca(ClO)2, or 50% GSE used for irrigation during instrumentation.