Advance Glycation End Products Inhibition by Peel Extract; Characterization, LCMS-QTOF Analysis, and Biological Evaluation.

Advance glycation end products (AGEs) are the main reason for diabetic complications. Persistent hyperglycemia and non-enzymatic glycation increase the rate of AGEs formation. Natural functional food-based approaches are mainly under investigation these days to discover new treatment options.

Anatomical Measurements of the Malar Bone for Safe Zygomatic Implant Placement: A Study on Donated Bodies.

: The malar bone provides an anchorage point for zygomatic implants, avoiding invasive reconstructive surgeries in the fixed rehabilitation of fully edentulous and severely atrophic maxillae. The limited bone volume, however, requires precise implant placement to prevent complications related to nearby anatomical structures. This observational cross-sectional study aims to measure the malar and zygomatic arch bones and their distances from critical anatomical landmarks to guide surgeons in safe zygomatic implant placement.

Unusual Popping Sound as an Indicator of Missed Root Canal: A Case Report.

The patients with unusual symptoms present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and may lead to misdiagnoses and inappropriate or unnecessary treatments. Endodontic diseases can present with a variety of symptoms, and it is possible for odontogenic pain to resemble non-odontogenic pain, which can complicate treatment due to the distinct management plans of the two conditions. This report details the successful management of vague pain, and popping sensations in the left maxilla triggered by cold exposure.

Effect of Ventilator Mode on Ventilator-Free Days in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Trial.

Rationale: For critically ill adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, the ventilator mode determines how breaths are delivered. Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown. To compare the effects of three common ventilator modes (volume control, pressure control, and adaptive pressure control) on death and duration of mechanical ventilation.

Grating Bio-Microelectromechanical Platform Architecture for Multiple Biomarker Detection.

A label-free biosensor based on a tunable MEMS metamaterial structure is proposed in this paper. The adopted structure is a one-dimensional array of metamaterial gratings with movable and fixed fingers. The moving unit of the optical detection system is a component of the MEMS structure, driven by the surface stress effect.

Performance trend of the family physician referral system before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study in northern Iran.

Background: Considering the challenges of the referral system in the family physician program and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of the relevant ministry's programs, it is necessary to assess the performance of the referral system. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the performance of the family physician referral system before and during COVID-19 in Golestan province.

Methods: The present repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on secondary data Recorded of 786,603 cases referred and cared by family physicians (including information on physicians' and midwives' visits, percentage of prescriptions and other information) in Golestan province from 2017 to 2022 in a census and retrospective manner.

The involvement of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: An update.

Unlabelled: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common disabling pathologies, characterized by joint pain and reduced function, significantly worsening the quality of life. Even if important progresses have been made in OA research, little is yet known about the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying OA. Understanding dysregulated signaling networks and their crosstalk in OA may offer a strong opportunity for the development of combined targeted therapies.

Progressive Encephalopathy With New Pulmonary Opacities in an Immunocompromised Host.

A 48-year-old man with history of recent travel to central Mexico and immunosuppression sought treatment with a 1-month-long history of progressive headache, fatigue, word-finding difficulties, and night sweats. The patient had a history of end-stage renal disease; he had undergone a kidney transplantation 7 years prior with good graft function with immunosuppression with tacrolimus, everolimus, and low-dose prednisone. At an outside hospital, he recently had been treated with empiric antibiotics for meningitis, but these were discontinued given the low suspicion for a bacterial cause.

Signaling Role of Pericytes in Vascular Health and Tissue Homeostasis.

Pericytes are multipotent cells embedded within the vascular system, primarily surrounding capillaries and microvessels where they closely interact with endothelial cells. These cells are known for their intriguing properties due to their heterogeneity in tissue distribution, origin, and multifunctional capabilities. Specifically, pericytes are essential in regulating blood flow, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting tissue homeostasis and regeneration.

Prunella vulgaris-phytosynthesized platinum nanoparticles: Insights into nanozymatic activity for HO and glutamate detection and antioxidant capacity.

Artificial nanozymes (enzyme-mimics), specifically metallic nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention recently due to their reduced preparation cost and enhanced stability in a wide range of environments. The present investigation highlights, for the first time, a straightforward green synthesis of biogenic platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) from a natural resource, namely Prunella vulgaris (Pr). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the phytochemical extract as an effective reducing agent, the PtNPs were characterized by various techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), zeta-potential analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

Dissecting human anatomy learning process through anatomical education with augmented reality: AEducAR 2.0, an updated interdisciplinary study.

Anatomical education is pivotal for medical students, and innovative technologies like augmented reality (AR) are transforming the field. This study aimed to enhance the interactive features of the AEducAR prototype, an AR tool developed by the University of Bologna, and explore its impact on human anatomy learning process in 130 second-year medical students at the International School of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Bologna. An interdisciplinary team of anatomists, maxillofacial surgeons, biomedical engineers, and educational scientists collaborated to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the study's objectives.

Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis in the Preclinical Stage: Normal Aging or Dementia.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively impairs the memory and thinking skills of patients, resulting in a significant global economic and social burden each year. However, diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disorder can be challenging, particularly in the early stages of developing cognitive decline. Current clinical techniques are expensive, laborious, and invasive, which hinders comprehensive studies on Alzheimer's biomarkers and the development of efficient devices for Point-of-Care testing (POCT) applications.

Detection of Cancer Stem Cells in Normal and Dysplastic/Leukemic Human Blood.

The hierarchical organization of the leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is identical to that of healthy counterpart cells. It may be split into roughly three stages: a small number of pluripotent stem cells at the top, few lineage-restricted cells in the middle, and several terminally differentiated blood cells at the bottom. Although LSCs can differentiate into the hematopoietic lineage, they can also accumulate as immature progenitor cells, also known as blast cells.

MXene-Based Elastomer Mimetic Stretchable Sensors: Design, Properties, and Applications.

Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces. One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials. MXenes, a new family of 2D nanomaterials, have been drawing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conductivity, processability, mechanical robustness and chemical tunability.

Evaluation of the primary health care expansion program with public-private partnership in slum areas from the perspective of stakeholders: a qualitative study.

Background: Today, economic and social determinants of health in slum settlements are at the policymakers' center of attention. Iran has had an excellent experience in the Primary Health Care Program. This study aimed to evaluate the Primary Health Care Expansion Program with public-private partnerships in slum areas of Iran from the perspective of stakeholders in 2022.

Designing, validation and evaluation of the expert system of "Healthy Menopause" and assessing its effect on the management of menopause symptoms: an exploratory mixed method study protocol.

Background: Menopause is a period of women's life that has the especial physical, psychological and social challenges. So provision of an effective, practical and affordable way for meeting women's related needs is important. In addition, women should be able to incorporate such programs into their daily work.

Ultrasensitive detection of vital biomolecules based on a multi-purpose BioMEMS for Point of care testing: digoxin measurement as a case study.

Rapid and label-free detection of very low concentrations of biomarkers in disease diagnosis or therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to prevent disease progression in Point of Care Testing. For this purpose, we propose a multi-purpose optical Bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (BioMEMS) sensing platform which can precisely measure very small changes of biomolecules concentrations in plasma-like buffer samples. This is realized by the development of an interferometric detection method on highly sensitive MEMS transducers (cantilevers).

Anatomical Study of the Application of a Galeo-Pericranial Flap in Oral Cavity Defects Reconstruction.

Oral cavity defects occur after resection of lesions limited to the mucosa, alveolar gum, or minimally affecting the bone. Aiming at esthetical and functional improvements of intraoral reconstruction, the possibility of harvesting a new galeo-pericranial free flap was explored. The objective of this study was to assess the technical feasibility of flap harvesting through anatomical dissections and surgical procedure simulations.

Effects of self-healing training on perfectionism and frustration tolerance in mothers of single-parent students.

It is essential to focus on the variables that can empower mothers of single-parent students. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of self-healing training on perfectionism and frustration tolerance in mothers of single-parent students. The statistical population included all divorced mothers of elementary school students within the 2020-21 academic year.

Learning to Control a Three-Dimensional Ferrofluidic Robot.

In recent years, ferrofluids have found increased popularity as a material for medical applications, such as ocular surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, and cancer treatment, among others. Ferrofluidic robots are multifunctional and scalable, exhibit fluid properties, and can be controlled remotely; thus, they are particularly advantageous for such medical tasks. Previously, ferrofluidic robot control has been achieved via the manipulation of handheld permanent magnets or in current-controlled electromagnetic fields resulting in two-dimensional position and shape control and three-dimensional (3D) coupled position-shape or position-only control.

Cefepime vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Adults Hospitalized With Acute Infection: The ACORN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam are commonly administered to hospitalized adults for empirical treatment of infection. Although piperacillin-tazobactam has been hypothesized to cause acute kidney injury and cefepime has been hypothesized to cause neurological dysfunction, their comparative safety has not been evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To determine whether the choice between cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam affects the risks of acute kidney injury or neurological dysfunction.

Lamin B1 as a key modulator of the developing and aging brain.

Lamin B1 is an essential protein of the nuclear lamina that plays a crucial role in nuclear function and organization. It has been demonstrated that lamin B1 is essential for organogenesis and particularly brain development. The important role of lamin B1 in physiological brain development and aging has only recently been at the epicenter of attention and is yet to be fully elucidated.

Emerging Roles of Phospholipase C Beta Isozymes as Potential Biomarkers in Cardiac Disorders.

Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes represent crucial participants in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, including the cardiac sarcolemmal (SL) membrane of cardiomyocytes. They are responsible for the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P) into 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P), both essential lipid mediators. These second messengers regulate the intracellular calcium (Ca) concentration, which activates signal transduction cascades involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte activity.

Nuclear Phosphoinositides as Key Determinants of Nuclear Functions.

Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) are signalling messengers representing less than five per cent of the total phospholipid concentration within the cell. Despite their low concentration, these lipids are critical regulators of various cellular processes, including cell cycle, differentiation, gene transcription, apoptosis and motility. PPIns are generated by the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns).