Impact of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on Neurological Health: A Critical Review.

Background/objectives: The global shift towards vegan and vegetarian diets has garnered attention for their ethical, environmental, and potential health benefits. These diets are often rich in phytonutrients and antioxidants, which have been associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting a potential protective effect against systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. However, despite these benefits, concerns remain regarding their impact on neurological health due to the possible deficiencies of critical nutrients such as vitamin B12, DHA, EPA, and iron.

The Effect of Anxiety and Nutritional Habits on the Body Distortion of Athletes.

Anxiety disorders have been rising globally, particularly among adolescents and women. However, the relationship between diet, psychological traits, and anxiety levels in athletes remains underexplored. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional and psychological differences between athletes with varying anxiety levels, hypothesizing that higher anxiety correlates with unhealthier dietary habits, greater body distortion, and less adaptive psychological profiles.

Neuro-Nutrition and Exercise Synergy: Exploring the Bioengineering of Cognitive Enhancement and Mental Health Optimization.

The interplay between nutrition, physical activity, and mental health has emerged as a frontier in bioengineering research, offering innovative pathways for enhancing cognitive function and psychological resilience. This review explores the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of tailored nutritional strategies and exercise interventions on brain health and mental well-being. Key topics include the role of micronutrients and macronutrients in modulating neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, the impact of exercise-induced myokines and neurotrophins on cognitive enhancement, and the integration of wearable bioelectronics for personalized monitoring and optimization.

Prehospital critical care drug-therapy and 30-day mortality in patients with acute respiratory disease.

Background: Prehospital medication is a reality, and the role of these therapies must be explored to assess their validity, especially for acute respiratory diseases, which are usually associated with increased morbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the association of prehospital medication use with mortality in patients with acute respiratory disease.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter, emergency medical service (EMS) delivery cohort study was carried out in adults with unselected respiratory diseases managed by EMS who were transferred to the emergency department.

Emerging multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive enterotoxigenic (ETEC) clones circulating in aquatic environments and in patients.

Diarrheal disease pathogens often spread through water-borne routes. Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is a major bacterial agent causing diarrheal disease in children, adults, and travelers in endemic areas. In addition, ETEC is responsible for outbreaks of water and food-borne gasteroenteritis globally, ETEC isolates also show robust survival capacity in various environmental settings, including aquatic environments.

Imaging biomarkers of cortical neurodegeneration underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Purpose: Imaging biomarkers bear great promise for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). We compared the ability of three commonly used neuroimaging modalities to detect cortical changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD).

Methods: 53 cognitively normal PD patients (PD-CN), 32 PD-MCI, and 35 PDD underwent concurrent structural MRI (sMRI), diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI), and [F]FDG PET.

Adsorption of Eu and Gd on high-charge micas as inner-sphere complexes.

High-charge micas exhibit improved adsorption properties and are a promising alternative clay material for the engineered barrier in deep geological repositories. When combined with Eu cations, they serve as an in situ luminescent probe for tracking the physical-chemical changes occurring in this engineered barrier over the long term. Therefore, a better understanding of the local environment of the lanthanide is highly desirable to comprehend the specific behavior of these systems.

Novel prehospital lactate cut-off estimation for mortality: a multicentre observational study.

Objectives: Point-of-care testing available in prehospital settings requires the establishment of new medical decision points. The aim of the present work was to determine the cut-off of the lactate threshold that activates alert triggers for all-cause 2-day mortality.

Design: Multicentre, prospective, ambulance-based, observational study.

National early warning score 2 plus non-invasive capnography and perfusion index to estimate poor outcomes in emergency departments.

Background: The study of the inclusion of new variables in already existing early warning scores is a growing field. The aim of this work was to determine how capnometry measurements, in the form of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and the perfusion index (PI), could improve the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2).

Methods: A secondary, prospective, multicenter, cohort study was undertaken in adult patients with unselected acute diseases who needed continuous monitoring in the emergency department (ED), involving two tertiary hospitals in Spain from October 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023.

Effects of early, late and self-selected time-restricted eating on visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic health in participants with overweight or obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

The optimal eating window for time-restricted eating (TRE) remains unclear, particularly its impact on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which is associated with cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effects of three TRE schedules (8 h windows in the early day, late day and participant-chosen times) combined with usual care (UC, based on education about the Mediterranean diet) versus UC alone over 12 weeks in adults with overweight or obesity. The primary outcome was VAT changes measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

The Impact of an External Compared to an Internal Focus of Attention on Simple and Complex Motor Skills Acquisition in Novice Female Volleyball Players.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of external (EXT) versus internal (INT) focus of attention on acquiring and transferring simple and complex motor skills in novice female volleyball players.

Methods: Fifty-seven participants were assigned to one of the three groups: The external focus (EXT), the internal focus (INT), and the control group (CON). Over a 6-week intervention, participants practiced a simple skill (volleyball passing) and a complex skill (overhead tennis serve).

Impact of Physical Activity on Cellular Metabolism Across Both Neurodegenerative and General Neurological Conditions: A Narrative Review.

Background: Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in modulating cellular metabolism and mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: The objective of this review is to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which exercise influences cellular metabolism, with a focus on its potential as a therapeutic intervention for neurological disorders.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed scientific articles, with a focus on the period between 2015 and 2024, to analyze the effects of exercise on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and metabolic health.

The microbiota metabolite, phloroglucinol, confers long-term protection against inflammation.

Phloroglucinol is a key byproduct of gut microbial metabolism that has been widely used as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome. Here, we demonstrate that phloroglucinol tempers macrophage responses to pro-inflammatory pathogens and stimuli. , phloroglucinol administration decreases gut and extraintestinal inflammation in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease and systemic infection.

Cortical hypometabolism in Parkinson's disease is linked to cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy.

Cortical hypometabolism on FDG-PET is a well-established neuroimaging biomarker of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its pathophysiologic origins are incompletely understood. Cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) degeneration is a prominent pathological feature of PD-related cognitive impairment and may contribute to cortical hypometabolism through cholinergic denervation of cortical projection areas. Here, we investigated in-vivo associations between subregional cBF volumes on 3T-MRI, cortical hypometabolism on [F]FDG-PET, and cognitive deficits in a cohort of 95 PD participants with varying degrees of cognitive impairment.

Digital Device Usage and Childhood Cognitive Development: Exploring Effects on Cognitive Abilities.

Unlabelled: The increasing ubiquity of digital devices in childhood had outpaced the understanding of their effects on cognitive development, creating a significant research gap regarding their long-term impact.

Objective: The present narrative overview explored the complex relationship between digital device usage and cognitive development in childhood.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, to critically assess cognitive domains such as attention, memory, executive functions, problem-solving skills, and social cognition.

The effects of six sprint interval training sessions on muscle oxygenation and swimming performance in untrained swimmers.

The current study examined the changes in muscle oxygenation values and swimming performance after six sessions of sprint interval training during a three-week period in untrained swimmers. Twelve swimmers of both genders (age: 23.5 ± 5.

Molecular analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in La Rioja (Spain): five new variants.

Background: To study BRCA1/2 gene variants in La Rioja in the northcentral area of Spain.

Methods: We performed a molecular analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in 642 individuals from 427 different families from June 2008 to December 2019.

Results: We identified 71 families with pathogenic variants in these genes, 32 families with BRCA1 variants and 39 families with BRCA2 variants.

A newly developed, easy-to-use prehospital drug-derived score compared with three conventional scores: A prospective multicenter study.

Introduction: The use of medications by emergency medical services (EMS) is increasing. Conventional scores are time-consuming and therefore difficult to use in an emergency setting. For early decision-making, an easy-to-use score based on the medications administered by the EMS may have prognostic value.

Performance of the 4C and SEIMC scoring systems in predicting mortality from onset to current COVID-19 pandemic in emergency departments.

The evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with variations in clinical presentation and severity. Similarly, prediction scores may suffer changes in their diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to test the 30-day mortality predictive validity of the 4C and SEIMC scores during the sixth wave of the pandemic and to compare them with those of validation studies.

The role of temperature in the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of AgS-based nanocrystals.

Highly emissive AgS nanocrystals (NCs) passivated with a gradated shell incorporating Se and Zn were synthesized in air, and the temperature dependence of their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) was quantified in both organic and aqueous media at ∼1200 nm. The relevance of this parameter, measured at physiological temperatures, is highlighted for applications that rely on the near infrared (NIR) photoluminescence of NCs, such as deep NIR imaging or luminescence nanothermometry. Hyperspectral NIR imaging shows that AgS-based NCs with a PLQY in organic media of about 10% are inefficient for imaging at 40 °C through 20 mm thick tissue with low laser irradiation power densities.

Associations between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with BDNF and Behavioral Function among European Children from Five HBM4EU Aligned Studies.

Based on toxicological evidence, children's exposure to phthalates may contribute to altered neurodevelopment and abnormal regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We analyzed data from five aligned studies of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) project. Ten phthalate metabolites and protein BDNF levels were measured in the urine samples of 1148 children aged 6-12 years from Italy (NACII-IT cohort), Slovakia (PCB-SK cohort), Hungary (InAirQ-HU cohort) and Norway (NEBII-NO).

Transitions and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

: Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly disrupts vital renal functions and is a common and serious condition in intensive care units (ICUs). AKI leads to extended hospital stays, increases mortality rates, and often necessitates nephrology consultations. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) plays a central role in managing AKI, requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving nephrologists, intensivists, and anesthesiologists.

Cardiac events after allo-HCT in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

This multicenter study sponsored by the GETH-TC investigates the incidence and predictors of early (first 100 days) and late cardiac events (CEs; ECEs and LCEs, respectively) after allo-HCT in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with anthracyclines, focusing on exploring the impact of PTCY on cardiac complications and the impact of CEs on OS and NRM. A total of 1020 patients with AML were included. PTCY was given to 450 (44.

A hotspot of diversity: novel species isolated from Baltic Sea sediments delineate a sympatric species complex.

Two bacterial strains, SP1S1-4 and SP2S1-2, were isolated from sediment samples collected in the Stockholm archipelago in November 2021. Following whole-genome sequencing, these strains were identified as tentatively belonging to two novel genospecies, based on digital DNA-DNA hybridization, as implemented in the Type Strain Genome Server. , and were, in this order and within a narrow genomic relatedness range, their closest genotypic relatives.