Breeding species for resistance to disease in the Iberian Peninsula.

Alders are widely distributed riparian trees in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. Recently, a strong reduction of alder stands has been detected in Europe due to infection by species (Stramenopila kingdom). This infection causes a disease known as alder dieback, characterized by leaf yellowing, dieback of branches, increased fruit production, and bark necrosis in the collar and basal part of the stem.

Evaluation of strategies for evidence-driven genome annotation using long-read RNA-seq.

While the production of a draft genome has become more accessible due to long-read sequencing, the annotation of these new genomes has not been developed at the same pace. Long-read RNA sequencing (lrRNA-seq) offers a promising solution for enhancing gene annotation. In this study, we explore how sequencing platforms, Oxford Nanopore R9.

[Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure with preserved/mildly reduced ejection fraction: from TOPCAT to FINEARTS-HF].

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) represent one of the cornerstones of treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Post-hoc data from the TOPCAT trial, conducted in patients with heart failure mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF), suggest the possible clinical benefit of MRAs, particularly for slightly reduced ejection fraction values. The advent of non-steroidal MRAs, including finerenone, seems to represent a turning point in the treatment for HFmrEF/HFpEF.

Through Space π-Electrons Communication in [2,2]-Paracyclophanes: Unprecendented Stabilization of Radicals.

Efforts to understand radical stability have led to considerable progress in radical chemistry. In this article, we investigated a novel approach to enhancing the radical stability of carbon-centered radicals through space electron delocalization within [2,2]-paracyclophanes. Alkoxyamines possessing a paracyclophane scaffold exploit face-to-face π-π-interactions between the aromatic rings to effectively lower bond dissociation energy (BDE) for NO-C bond homolysis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among people living with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Indonesia: Prevalence and related factors.

Background/objectives: As people with human immunodeficiency virus experience longer life expectancy, other causes of morbidity and mortality are being increasingly identified. The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has recently been on the rise in Indonesia. People with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy are also at an increased risk of having non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Development of a Self-Care Autonomy in Health Scale for Late Adolescents.

Background: This paper describes the development of the Self-Care Autonomy in Health Scale for Late Adolescents (SAHSLA) for use with general samples. It addresses concerns regarding the nonclinical efficacy of self-care health scales for adolescents, particularly their ability to discriminate between lower levels of self-care.

Methods: A survey was constructed based on literature review and subsequently evaluated in two studies.

Pre-alerts from critical care ambulances to trauma centers: a quantitative survey of trauma team leaders in Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Pre-alerts from paramedics to trauma centers are important for ensuring the highest quality of trauma care. Despite this, there is a paucity of data to support best practices in trauma pre-alert notifications. Within the trauma system of Ontario, Canada, the provincial critical care transport organization, Ornge, provides pre-alerts to major trauma centers, but standardization is currently lacking.

Diet influence on male sexual maturation through interplay between insulin signaling and juvenile hormone in insects.

In animals, sexual maturation coincides with the development of sexual behaviors and reproductive system. These developmental events are influenced by diet and governed by endocrine signals. Here, for the first time in insects, we explored functional links between nutrition and juvenile hormone (JH) in the male reproductive physiology through the insulin signaling pathway (ISP) acting as a transducer of nutritional signals.

The Impact of HIV on Early Brain Aging-A Pathophysiological (Re)View.

: This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how HIV alters normal aging trajectories in the brain, presenting the HIV-related molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways involved in brain aging. The review explores the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and viral persistence in the brain, highlighting how these factors contribute to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment and accelerate normal brain aging. Additionally, it also addresses the impact of antiretroviral therapy on brain aging and the biological markers associated with its occurrence.

Understanding the Landscape of Cancer Care in Europe: Evaluating Clinical and Comprehensive Cancer Centers.

Background: A comparison of the operations of Clinical Cancer Centers and Comprehensive Cancer Centers across Europe provides novel data on the interrelation between different factors in care delivery.

Method: The analysis is based on a survey of key dimensions in care delivery, comparing routine treatment, advanced technology integration, research participation, and innovation adoption across the two types of centers.

Results: Clinical Cancer Centers excel in providing routine cancer treatment through multidisciplinary teams but struggle with advanced technology integration and research participation.

Phytase Improves Zinc Utilization by Broiler Chickens.

The study aimed to evaluate phytase effects on the availability of zinc (Zn) from corn and soybean meal feeds for broiler chickens, whereas, in parallel, Zn requirements were investigated. A total of 640 Cobb × Cobb 500 male chicks were fed a Zn-deficient diet (18.87 ± 0.

Sterilization of infective health care waste in hospitals.

Collection and disposal of infective medical waste represents a well-known problem in all Italian and foreign hospitals. Pandemic events have increased the attention and sensitivity on the topic both from a legal/regulatory and technical-professional perspective. latest legislation introduced some noticeable modification in the perception of the problem changing the particularly precautionary approach largely exploited in the past, putting the sterilization procedures at the center of a more efficient management of such waste materials.

Retromer Opposes Opioid-Induced Downregulation of the Mu Opioid Receptor.

The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is protected from opioid-induced trafficking to lysosomes and proteolytic downregulation by its ability to access the endosomal recycling pathway through its C-terminal recycling motif, LENL. MOR sorting towards the lysosome results in downregulation of opioid signaling while recycling of MOR to the plasma membrane preserves signaling function. However, the mechanisms by which LENL promotes MOR recycling are unknown, and this sequence does not match any known consensus recycling motif.

Performance of Lung Ultrasound as a Screening Tool for Subclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: a Multicenter Study.

Background: The screening strategy for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients is currently debated. While high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the gold standard for diagnosing ILD, its systematic use as a screening tool is not yet recommended. The role of lung ultrasound (LUS) in assessing ILD has been previously explored.

Non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension in patients with primary biliary cholangitis is affected by severity of cholestasis.

Background&aims: Non-invasive tests (NITs) for ruling-out clinical significant portal hypertension (CSPH) and high-risk varices (HRV) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) and compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) are lacking. We evaluated NITs in these patients and the influence of cholestasis on their performance.

Methods: Consecutive patients from the "Italian PBC registry" and two UK large-volume PBC referral centres with upper endoscopy within 6 months from biochemical evaluation and transient elastography were included.

CRISPR-based dissection of miRNA binding sites using isogenic cell lines is hampered by pervasive noise.

Non-coding regulatory sequences play essential roles in adjusting gene output to cellular needs and are thus critical to animal development and health. Numerous such sequences have been identified in mammalian genomes ranging from transcription factors binding motifs to recognition sites for RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs. The advent of CRISPR has raised the possibility of assigning functionality to individual endogenous regulatory sites by facilitating the generation of isogenic cell lines that differ by a defined set of genetic modifications.

Identification of cell type-specific cell-penetrating peptides through in vivo phage display leveraged by next generation sequencing.

Vascular anomalies (VA) refer to abnormal blood or lymphatic vessel architecture, most often as a result of dysregulated growth. Venous malformations (VM), a subgroup of VAs, are triggered by activating mutations in the Angiopoietin/TIE2-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with TIE2 L914F (gene name TEK) being one of the most frequent mutations in patients with VMs. Although systemic targeting of the overactivated pathway is possible, it would be a therapeutic advantage to restrict treatment to only the affected lesions.

Nanoscale Ferroelectric Programming of van der Waals Heterostructures.

We demonstrate an approach to creating nanoscale potentials in van der Waals layers integrated with a buried programmable ferroelectric layer. Using ultra-low-voltage electron beam lithography (ULV-EBL), we can program the ferroelectric polarization in AlBN (AlBN) thin films, generating structures with sizes as small as 35 nm. We demonstrate the ferroelectric field effect with a graphene/vdW stack on AlBN by creating a p-n junction.

Assessing Compliance: Violations of WHO Code in Breast Milk Substitute Marketing, Ecuador.

Breast milk substitute (BMS) marketing significantly influences global infant feeding practices. Ecuador, like many countries, seeks to regulate these promotions under the WHO's International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. This cross-sectional analysis assessed BMS marketing compliance with WHO's Code in Ecuador.

Longitudinal serological and virological survey of hepatitis E virus in wild boar (, Maremman wild boar) and fallow deer () populations in a protected area of Central Italy.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is recognized as an emerging zoonosis. Pigs and wild boars are considered the main reservoirs of zoonotic HEV-3 and HEV-4 genotypes. In Europe, autochthonous human cases of hepatitis E, mainly associated with HEV-3 and consumption of raw or undercooked pig and wild boar liver/meat, have increased over the last decades.

Black phosphorus/silk fibroin films hamper filamentous and invasive growth of .

The ability of fungi and bacteria to form biofilms on surfaces poses a serious threat to health and a problem in industrial settings. In this work, we investigated how the surface stiffness of silk fibroin (SF) films is modulated by the interaction with black phosphorus (BP) flakes, quantifying the morphogenesis of cells. Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopies, along with scanning transmission electron microscopy, allowed us to quantify the thickness and diameter of BP flakes dispersed in the SF matrix (, 5.

Characterization of cardiorespiratory coupling via a variability-based multi-method approach: Application to postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

There are several mechanisms responsible for the dynamical link between heart period (HP) and respiration (R), usually referred to as cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC). Historically, diverse signal processing techniques have been employed to study CRC from the spontaneous fluctuations of HP and respiration (R). The proposed tools differ in terms of rationale and implementation, capturing diverse aspects of CRC.

Generation and characterization of zebrafish f9l mutant confirmed that f9l is f10 like gene.

Aim: This study aimed to create an f9l mutant zebrafish using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and characterize its coagulation properties to investigate its functional similarity to human FX and explore the potential synergy between f9l and f10.

Methods: Three gRNAs targeting exon 8 encoded by the catalytic domain of the f9l gene were injected into 300 single-cell zebrafish embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. DNA from the resulting adults was extracted from tail tips, and PCR was used to detect indels.

Molecular and Functional Characterization of the Peritoneal Mesothelium, a Barrier for Solute Transport.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an increasingly needed, life-maintaining kidney replacement therapy; efficient solute transport is critical for patient outcome. While the role of peritoneal perfusion on solute transport in PD has been described, the role of cellular barriers is uncertain, the mesothelium has been considered irrelevant. We calculated peritoneal blood microvascular endothelial (BESA) to mesothelial surface area (MSA) ratio in human peritonea in health, chronic kidney disease, and on PD, and performed molecular transport related gene profiling and single molecule localization microscopy in two mesothelial (MC) and two endothelial cell lines (EC).

A comprehensive review on organ-on-chips as powerful preclinical models to study tissue barriers.

In the preclinical stage of drug development, 2D and 3D cell cultures under static conditions followed by animal models are utilized. However, these models are insufficient to recapitulate the complexity of human physiology. With the developing organ-on-chip (OoC) technology in recent years, human physiology and pathophysiology can be modeled better than traditional models.