Pharmacological and Herbal Approach to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Management: A Comparative Analysis of Conventional Therapy and Alternative Remedy.

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder that affects the metabolism of protein, fats, and carbohydrates due to the destruction of beta-cells resulting disruptions in insulin action/insulin secretion. According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) prevalence of 90% people with diabetes has type 2 diabetes is driven by socio-economic, demographic, environmental, and genetic factors. DM type 2 sparks myriad of debilitating disease needs management to cure it.

Jatrorrhizine retard obesity by modulating transcription factor c-Jun/c-Fos to downregulate Mmp12-mediated inflammation.

Obesity is a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease. Nutritional obesity, in particular, is also accompanied by inflammation and metabolic disorders, which are the primary causes of malignant metabolic diseases. Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis Chinensis Franch) (RC), a traditional Chinese medicine, is primarily used for its anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal properties.

Effect of silkworm pupae meal on the growth of Oreochromis niloticus (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)(Order: Cichliformes, Family: Cichlidae)CichliformesCichlidae.

Increasing costs and limited supply of fishmeal make fish feed more expensive. Pupa of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), a byproduct of the sericulture industry is a cheap and sustainable alternative to fish meal.

Bioconversion of Alpha-Cembratriene-4,6-diol into High-Value Compound Farnesal Through Employment of a Novel H3-1 Strain.

Alpha-cembratriene-4,6-diol (α-CBT-diol) is a complex diterpenoid primarily found in (i.e., tobacco leaves), , and marine corals.

Real-World Effectiveness of Frontline Treatments Among Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Results from ConcertAI.

The long-term follow-up of clinical trials of novel first-line (1L) therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) demonstrates 6-10-year progression-free survival. We describe the effectiveness of 1L CLL treatments in real-world settings, with an emphasis on the important real-world outcome of time to next treatment or death (TTNT-D). This retrospective, observational study utilized de-identified electronic health records from the ConcertAI RWD360™ database with linked administrative open claims.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of s under various stress treatment in .

Unlabelled: The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450) are the largest enzyme family in plant metabolism, playing a key role in the biosynthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. However, the CYP450 has not yet been systematically characterized in Dendrobium species. In this study, 193 genes were identified in the genome of through bioinformatics, and divided into 2 groups and 10 clans.

Unveiling WHIM syndrome: Mavorixafor's Emerging Role in Immune Restoration and Therapy.

WHIM syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant immunodeficiency disorder and is an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of its main clinical presentations: Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis. It stems mainly from mutations where there is a gain of function in the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which is extensively located on leukocytes, and significantly affects the balance of the immune system. Many therapeutic strategies have been widely explored for several years for this immunodeficiency disorder.

Field-Portable Device for Detection of Controlled and Psychoactive Substances from e-Cigarettes.

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are novel psychoactive substances (NPS) that are highly potent and associated with a range of severe toxicities. SC use, which is common in UK prisons and homeless communities, typically involves combustion of SC-soaked herb or paper material. Recently, e-cigarettes (or vapes) have emerged as popular delivery vehicles for SCs, and consumption among the general population has risen significantly.

Mushrooms in modern cosmetics: unlocking anti-aging, antioxidant, and therapeutic potential.

Mushrooms have gained significant attention in the cosmetics industry due to their rich bioactive compounds with numerous skin benefits. This review explores the potential of various mushroom species as ingredients in cosmeceuticals, focusing on their anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, skin whitening, moisturizing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus have demonstrated the ability to inhibit key enzymes like elastase, tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase, which play vital roles in skin aging and pigmentation.

Severe asthma beyond bronchodilators: Emerging therapeutic approaches.

Asthma is characterized by reversible airway inflammation, obstruction, and structural remodeling, which lead to the eosinophils and lymphocytes accumulation at inflammation sites and the release of inflammatory cells, like mast cells and dendritic cells, from lungs' epithelial and smooth muscle cells that trigger the activation and release of cytokines and chemokines, attracting more cells and contributing to asthma development. Available pharmacological interventions, like bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents, are considered generally safe and effective to treat asthma, but many affected individuals with severe asthma still struggle with symptom control. This review highlights recent innovative therapies, such as chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cell (CRTH2) antagonists, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, and other novel biological agents, which offer potential new strategies for managing severe asthma and may alter the disease's course.

XAI-MRI: an ensemble dual-modality approach for 3D brain tumor segmentation using magnetic resonance imaging.

Brain tumor segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) presents significant challenges due to the complex nature of brain tumor tissues. This complexity poses a significant challenge in distinguishing tumor tissues from healthy tissues, particularly when radiologists rely on manual segmentation. Reliable and accurate segmentation is crucial for effective tumor grading and treatment planning.

Comprehensive characterization and expression profiling of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SUS) family in Cucumis melo under the application of nitrogen and potassium.

Background: Sugars are not only important biomacromolecules that play vital roles in plant growth, development and environmental stress tolerance, but they also provide carbon skeletons for the synthesis of other macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Sugar-related proteins play key roles in the movement of sugars from source tissues (such as leaves) to sink tissues (such as fruits), ultimately influencing fruit development. However, the evolutionary dynamics of this important sugar-related gene family in the Cucumis melo (C.

The synergistic tapestry: unraveling the interplay of parvovirus B19 with other viruses.

Parvovirus (B19V) is a compact, non-enveloped, spherical virus with a single-stranded DNA genome. In immunocompetent individuals, parvovirus B19V infection is typically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. However, in patients with compromised immune systems, it can lead to severe anemia in patients with compromised immune systems; renal transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive therapies often experience B19-induced anemia and red cell aplasia.

Quest for environmental management and sustainability: Evaluating the drivers of territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions in G-20 economies.

The rising levels of carbon emissions are a significant concern for global environmental management and sustainability. The situation is further exacerbated by increasing economic activities and unsustainable practices, particularly in G-20's economies. This study explores how environmental efficiency, natural resource rents, banking development, energy transition, industrial value addition and economic growth shape territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions across G20 economies from 1996 to 2020.

Efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage of malignant biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background/aims: Malignant biliary obstruction is a major clinical challenge. We assessed the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) compared with that of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biliary drainage (ERCP-BD) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).

Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials comparing EUS-BD with ERCP or PTBD in treating malignant biliary obstruction.

Evolutionary Insight and Expression Pattern of WUSCHEL-Related Homebox Genes of .

The () gene family is critical for plant growth, development, and the regulation of stress responses; however, the function of WOX has not been extensively studied. Nine genes have been identified in the genome. These genes were unequally distributed on five chromosomes, with four genes occupying chr1.

Metabolic and proteomic analysis of a medicinal morel (Morchella elata) from Western Himalayas, Kashmir.

Morels are edible fungi growing naturally in the wild and cultivated for food and medicines worldwide. They have been collected and consumed by people since ancient times. In the present study, fruiting bodies of Morchella elata were collected from the field during the years 2020-22 through consecutive field visits.

Gallic acid alleviates omeprazole-induced depressive behavior and memory impairment.

The study aims to evaluate the effect of various doses of gallic acid (GA) on omeprazole (OMZ)-induced depression, memory impairment, oxido-neuroinflammation, and altered serotonergic neurotransmission in the midbrain and cerebral cortex of rats. Forty-eight male rats were divided into six groups (n = 8): Veh (vehicle), Veh + GA (50 mg/kg/ml), Veh + GA (100 mg/kg/ml), OMZ (20 mg/kg/ml), OMZ + GA (50 mg/kg/ml), and OMZ + GA (100 mg/kg/ml). Animals received their respective treatment intraperitoneally, daily for 4 weeks.

Influence of microwave processing on nutritional, anti-nutritional, antioxidant and sensory characteristics of kachnar powder and supplemented flatbreads.

This study examines the impact of microwave processing on Kachnar () powder and its application in flatbreads. Microwave treatment reduced anti-nutrient levels of alkaloids, phytates, tannins, and saponins by 83-90 %, enhancing safety. Incorporation of microwaved kachnar powder (MwKP) into flatbreads at 2.

Nutritional, physicochemical, and antioxidant characterization of pomegranate, beetroot, and carrot concentrates supplemented functional whey beverages.

The study aimed to investigate the nutritional, antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensorial properties of pomegranate concentrate (PC), beetroot concentrate (BC), and carrot concentrate (CC) and their supplemented whey beverages. Results revealed that PC exhibited the highest ash, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and ascorbic acid concentration than BC and CC. Also, the highest total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were recorded in PC, while maximum -carotene and anthocyanin were found in CC and PC.

From Clinics to Communities: Understanding Public Perceptions of Dental Services in Pakistan.

Introduction: Access to dental services is a core component of public healthcare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions and experiences of the public regarding access, quality and affordability of dental services in Pakistan.

Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study based on an online survey.

Genome-wide analysis of HSP70 gene family in Beta vulgaris and in-silico expression under environmental stress.

Heat shock proteins, HSP70, are vital for plant stress response mechanisms, particularly under abiotic stresses, such as salinity and drought. However, its role in Beta vulgaris is still unknown. We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the BvHSP70 gene family in B.

Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity of linalool against formaldehyde and complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis in rats.

Arthritis, characterized by persistent joint inflammation, poses a significant challenge due to its detrimental effects on cartilage function and subchondral bone health. This study investigates the potential pharmacological effects of linalool, a monoterpene alcohol commonly found in essential oils, as a promising treatment for arthritis. In vitro assays, including red blood cell membrane stability and protein denaturation tests, were conducted to preliminarily assess the anti-arthritic potential of linalool.

Spectrum of metastatic tumours to orbit over the last twenty years in a tertiary care eye hospital-A retrospective study.

Objective: To assess the type and presentation patterns of tumours metastasising to orbit.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised data of all patients with orbital metastatic lesions over a 20-year period, from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2023. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.

Vibration-Based Anomaly Detection for Induction Motors Using Machine Learning.

Predictive maintenance of induction motors continues to be a significant challenge in ensuring industrial reliability and minimizing downtime. In this study, machine learning techniques are utilized to enhance fault diagnosis through the use of the Machinery Fault Database (MAFAULDA). A detailed extraction of statistical features was performed on multivariate time-series data to capture essential patterns that could indicate potential faults.