Mumps disease outbreak in Davangere district of Karnataka, India.

Background: Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease that usually occurs as a parotitis, but it can also lead to several life- threatening complications, including pancreatitis, meningitis and encephalitis.

Objective: To determine and diagnosis of mumps disease, which is communicable disease usually affects childrens. Although it is seen worldwide, but outbreaks not common in India.

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) Arising from a Dentigerous Cyst: Literature Review and Report of a Case.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon benign tumor of odontogenic origin composed of odontogenic epithelium in a variety of histopathological patterns. These lesions are usually solid but are occasionally cystic. AOT has been reported to occur in association with odontogenic cysts.

Design and testing of small scale fish meat bone separator useful for fish processing.

The present study relates to the food processing machinery and, more specifically machine for producing boneless comminuted meat from raw fish fillet. This machine is of belt and drum type meat bone separator designed for small scale fish processing in a continuous mode. The basic principal involved in this machine is compression force.

Influence of the insecticides acetamiprid and carbofuran on arylamidase and myrosinase activities in the tropical black and red clay soils.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of two insecticides, namely, acetamiprid and carbofuran on the enzymatic activities of arylamidase (as glucose formed from sinigrin) and myrosinase (as β-naphthylamine formed from L-leucine β-naphthylamide) in the black and red clay soils collected from a fallow groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields in the Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was realized within the framework of the laboratory experiments in which the acetamiprid and carbofuran were applied to the soils at different doses (1.

Occlusal morphology of permanent mandibular first and second molars in Gujarati population.

Background: Dental identification has been used since long time for disaster victim identification protocol. There is a difference of opinion regarding whether ethnicity influences dental morphology or not. Few studies have shown the associations between these dental features and crown traits in humans using quantitative methods.

Synthesis, spectral, thermal, fluorescence, antimicrobial, anthelmintic and DNA cleavage studies of mononuclear metal chelates of bi-dentate 2H-chromene-2-one Schiff base.

The Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized with Schiff base (HL), derived from 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin with benzylamine. The Schiff base and its metal complexes were structurally characterized based on IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, UV-visible, ESR, magnetic, thermal, fluorescence, mass and ESI-MS studies. The complexes are completely soluble in DMF and DMSO.

A prospective, comparative study of the occurrence and severity of constipation with darifenacin and trospium in overactive bladder.

Introduction: Darifenacin and trospium are the commonly used antimuscarinics in the management of overactive bladder (OAB). Constipation is the second most common treatment related side-effect. Though its incidence with the above two medications is known, data on their comparative severity and impact on patient's well-being is lacking.

Serotyping of foot and mouth disease virus and Pasteurella multocida from Indian gaurs (Bos gaurus), concurrently infected with foot and mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia.

We report the serotyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and Pasteurella multocida from Indian gaurs which were concurrently infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and haemorrhagic septicaemia. Bannerghatta biological park (BBP), a national park located in the outskirts of Bengaluru city, Karnataka, India, is bordered by several villages. These villages witnessed massive outbreaks of FMD which spread rapidly to the herbivores at BBP.

Quantification and localization of mast cells in periapical lesions.

Background: Periapical lesions occur in response to chronic irritation in periapical tissue, generally resulting from an infected root canal. Specific etiological agents of induction, participating cell population and growth factors associated with maintenance and resolution of periapical lesions are incompletely understood. Among the cells found in periapical lesions, mast cells have been implicated in the inflammatory mechanism.

Osteochondroma (OC) of the Condyle of Left Mandible: A Rare Case.

Osteochondroma (OC) is one of the most common benign condylar tumours having both chondroma and osteoma. However, this tumour is most frequently found on the metaphyses of long bones and is unusual on the skull. When it affects the mandibular condyle, the cause could be due to trauma to the tempero mandibular joint (TMJ).

Rheological behaviour of enzyme clarified sapota (Achras sapota L) juice at different concentration and temperatures.

Rheological behaviour of enzyme clarified sapota (Achras sapota L.) juice at different temperatures (10 to 85 °C) and total soluble solid content (10.2 to 55.

Quantitative evaluation of micronuclei in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral submucous fibrosis patients: a comparative study.

Background: The forte of research today aims at determining genotoxic changes in human cells as rapidly as possible. Micronuclei estimation in exfoliated cells is an easy, noninvasive and a reliable method to monitor genotoxic changes due to various reasons in oral mucosal cells.

Aims And Objectives: To identify, quantify and compare micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of healthy, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) participants.

Oral focal mucinosis: a rare case with literature review.

Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is an unusual disease that affects diverse localised areas of the mouth, where the connective tissue undergoes focal degeneration. It was described for the first time by Tomich in 1974. It presents as an asymptomatic pedunculated or sessile growth, commonly on the gingiva, with most cases being in women.

Discovery of efficacious Pseudomonas aeruginosa-targeted siderophore-conjugated monocarbams by application of a semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model.

To identify new agents for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we focused on siderophore-conjugated monocarbams. This class of monocyclic β-lactams are stable to metallo-β-lactamases and have excellent P. aeruginosa activities due to their ability to exploit the iron uptake machinery of Gram-negative bacteria.

Efficacy of clonidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A prospective study.

Background And Aims: Bupivacaine has been the most frequently used local anaesthetic in brachial plexus block, but ropivacaine has also been successfully tried in the recent past. It is less cardiotoxic, less arrhythmogenic, less toxic to the central nervous system than bupivacaine, and it has intrinsic vasoconstrictor property. The effects of clonidine have been studied in peripheral nerve blockade.

Comprehensive physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and activity profiling of anti-TB agents.

Objectives: The discovery and development of TB drugs has met limited success, with two new drugs approved over the last 40 years. Part of the difficulty resides in the lack of well-established in vitro or in vivo targets of potency and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters. In an attempt to benchmark and compare such properties for anti-TB agents, we have experimentally determined and compiled these parameters for 36 anti-TB compounds, using standardized and centralized assays, thus ensuring direct comparability across drugs and drug classes.

Analysis of gingival biopsies in the Gujarati population: a retrospective study.

Background: Biopsy is an important diagnostic tool used in the diagnosis of lesions ranging from simple non-neoplastic, tumor-like lesions to malignancies, and is often the only way to diagnose oral lesions and diseases. The gingiva is the most common site for some kind of irritation or low-grade injury, resulting in localized overgrowths that are considered to be reactive and non-neoplastic lesions. This aim of this study is to analyze the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in the Gujarati population.

Perspective: Challenges and opportunities in TB drug discovery from phenotypic screening.

Tuberculosis poses a major global health problem and multi-drug resistant strains are increasingly prevalent. Hence there is an urgent need to discover new TB drugs. Cell based phenotypic screening represents a powerful approach to identify anti-mycobacterial compounds and elucidate novel targets.

Direct inhibitors of InhA are active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

New chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required to combat the global spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The mycobacterial enoyl reductase InhA is one of the few clinically validated targets in tuberculosis drug discovery. We report the identification of a new class of direct InhA inhibitors, the 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones, using phenotypic high-throughput whole-cell screening.

Prenatal diagnosis of colpocephaly with absent corpus callosum.

Colpocephaly is a rare abnormality of the brain, described as persistence of primitive foetal configuration of lateral ventricles. It has been found in association with several abnormalities of the brain. Herein we report a case of colpocephaly with absent corpus callosum, confirmed antenatally with foetal MRI following diagnostic suspicion based on absent septum pellucidum at prenatal sonography.

Effect of red bull energy drink on auditory reaction time and maximal voluntary contraction.

The use of "Energy Drinks" (ED) is increasing in India. Students specially use these drinks to rejuvenate after strenuous exercises or as a stimulant during exam times. The most common ingredient in EDs is caffeine and a popular ED available and commonly used is Red Bull, containing 80 mg of caffeine in 250 ml bottle.