Are simakobu (Simias concolor) loud calls energetically costly signals?

Objectives: Male vocal displays play an important role in sexual selection in many species. If there are costs or constraints, calls may convey honest information about the caller. We studied the loud calls of male simakobu (Simias concolor), a sexually dimorphic primate that resides in one-male groups, on Siberut Island, Indonesia.

Comparative Proteomics Analysis Reveals L-Arginine Activates Ethanol Degradation Pathways in HepG2 Cells.

L-Arginine (Arg) is a versatile amino acid that plays crucial roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In this study, to investigate the alteration induced by Arg supplementation in proteome scale, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based proteomic approach was employed to comparatively characterize the differentially expressed proteins between Arg deprivation (Ctrl) and Arg supplementation (+Arg) treated human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. A total of 21 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins and these 21 proteins were all up-regulated by Arg supplementation.

Characterisation of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates harbouring mecA or Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes from four tertiary care hospitals in Indonesia.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and clonal distribution of either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive S. aureus obtained from clinical cultures in Indonesian hospitals.

Methods: S.

Methanolic Extract of Ceplukan Leaf (Physalis minima L.) Attenuates Ventricular Fibrosis through Inhibition of TNF-α in Ovariectomized Rats.

The increase of heart failure prevalence on menopausal women was correlated with the decrease of estrogen level. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ceplukan leaf (Physalis minima L.), which contains phytoestrogen physalin and withanolides, on ventricular TNF-α level and fibrosis in ovariectomized rats.

Critical role of ARID3B in the expression of pro-apoptotic p53-target genes and apoptosis.

ARID3A and ARID3B are transcriptional targets of p53. Recently, it has been reported that ARID3A plays a critical role in the transcriptional activation of pro-arrest p21 in response to DNA damage. However, the role of ARID3B in the p53 regulatory pathway remains poorly understood.

How do private general practitioners manage tuberculosis cases? A survey in eight cities in Indonesia.

Background: Private practitioners (PPs) in high-burden countries often provide substandard tuberculosis (TB) treatment, leading to increased risk of drug resistance and continued transmission. TB case management among PPs in Indonesia has not been investigated in recent years, despite longstanding recognition of inadequate care and substantial investment in several initiatives. This study aimed to assess case management practices of private general practitioners (GPs) in eight major cities across Indonesia.

Overexpression and mutation as a genetic mechanism of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans isolated from human immunodeficiency virus patients in Indonesia.

Fluconazole is the standard treatment for oropharyngeal candidiasis, which is the third most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients in Indonesia. Overuse of this drug could lead to the emergence of resistance. The objective of this study was to analyse the role of ERG11, CDR1, CDR2 and MDR1 gene overexpression and mutations in the ERG11 gene as a genetic mechanism of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans isolated from HIV patients in Indonesia.

Off-label paediatric drug use in an Indonesian community setting.

What Is Known And Objective: Off-label medication is often used in the treatment of paediatric patients. However, it should be restricted due to the lack of evidence related to its efficacy and safety. Little is known about the frequency of off-label drug use or the degree of scientific evidence supporting this practice in Indonesia.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypic drug resistance patterns and clustering in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia.

Background: Little is known about drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and its transmission in Papua, which has one of the highest rates of TB in Indonesia.

Design: We examined genotypic drug resistance patterns using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and the degree of molecular clustering using 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) among 199 consecutive pulmonary TB patients in Jayapura, Papua.

Results: Drug resistance mutations were present in 30/198 (15.

Systematic Screening of Different Surface Modifiers for the Production of Physically Stable Nanosuspensions.

The role of a surface modifier is important in the formation of stable nanosuspensions. In this study, a simple and systematic screening method for selecting optimum surface modifiers was performed by utilizing a low-energy wet ball milling method. Nine surface modifiers from different classes with different stabilization mechanisms were applied on six different models of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).

Active and latent tuberculosis among HIV-positive injecting drug users in Indonesia.

Introduction: Injecting drug use (IDU) is associated with tuberculosis but few data are available from low-income settings. We examined IDU in relation to active and latent tuberculosis (LTBI) among HIV-positive individuals in Indonesia, which has a high burden of tuberculosis and a rapidly growing HIV epidemic strongly driven by IDU.

Methods: Active tuberculosis was measured prospectively among 1900 consecutive antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve adult patients entering care in a clinic in West Java.

Systematic screening of different surface modifiers for the production of physically stable nanosuspensions.

The role of a surface modifier is important in the formation of stable nanosuspensions. In this study, a simple and systematic screening method for selecting optimum surface modifiers was performed by utilizing a low-energy wet ball milling method. Nine surface modifiers from different classes with different stabilization mechanisms were applied on six different models of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).

Draft genome sequence of adzuki bean, Vigna angularis.

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) is a dietary legume crop in East Asia. The presumed progenitor (Vigna angularis var.

Enhancing voluntary participation in community collaborative forest management: a case of Central Java, Indonesia.

This paper examines voluntary participation in community forest management, and characterizes how more participation may be induced. We implemented a survey of 571 respondents and conducted a case study in Central Java, Indonesia. The study's novelty lies in categorizing the degrees of participation into three levels and in identifying how socio-economic factors affect people's participation at each level.

Induction of caspase cascade pathway by kaempferol-3--rhamnoside in LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines.

Prostate cancer has become a leading cause of mortality in humans. Previous studies have shown the potential anticancer properties of kaempferol-3--rhamnoside in breast cancer cell lines. In the present study, the anticancer potential of kaempferol-3--rhamnoside was investigated in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines.

First Report of Neocosmospora vasinfecta var. vasinfecta Causing Soybean Stem Rot in South Korea.

In September 2010, stem rot symptoms were observed on soybean plants (cv. Daepungkong) growing in a field located at Daegu (35.52° N, 128.

Assessment of patient care indicators at community pharmacies in Bandung City, Indonesia.

Community pharmacies supply medications; therefore are involved in the patient care process. The objective of this study was to study the quality of patient care given by these pharmacies. We conducted a cross sectional study of 13 community pharmacies in Bandung City, Indonesia.

Quality and reporting of publications by Indonesian researchers: a literature survey.

Objectives: To evaluate the quality of reporting of the risk of bias of the Indonesian medical research.

Methods: Publications from PubMed and non-PubMed indexed Indonesian medical journals between January 2008 to December 2010 were assessed for risk of bias based on criterion combination from Hedges-criteria and the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. We assessed whether the publications addressed the risk of bias adequately (quality of reporting) and whether the risk of bias criterion was fulfilled (quality of methods).

Switchable water: microfluidic investigation of liquid-liquid phase separation mediated by carbon dioxide.

Increase in the ionic strength of water that is mediated by the reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with nitrogenous bases is a promising approach toward phase separation in mixtures of water with organic solvents and potentially water purification. Conventional macroscale studies of this complicated process are challenging, due to its occurrence via several consecutive and concurrent steps, mass transfer limitation, and lack of control over gas-liquid interfaces. We report a new microfluidic strategy for fundamental studies of liquid-liquid phase separation mediated by CO2 as well as screening of the efficiency of nitrogenous agents.

Curcumin.

Curcumin and its two related compounds, that is, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin (curcuminoids) are the main secondary metabolites of Curcuma longa and other Curcuma spp. Curcumin is commonly used as coloring agent as well as food additive; curcumin has also shown some therapeutic activities. This review summarizes stability of curcumin in solutions, spectroscopy characteristics of curcumin (UV, IR, Raman, MS, and NMR), polymorphism forms, method of analysis in both of biological and nonbiological samples, and metabolite studies of curcumin.

Accelerating the introduction of rotavirus immunization in Indonesia.

The introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in Indonesia is currently in its infancy. Delay in its development might be caused by factors related to the perceived value of the vaccine, health system characteristics and policy considerations. Other factors, which may also interfere with optimizing the introduction, are financial barriers because Indonesia is a lower-middle-income country.

Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus harboring the mecA or Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in hospitals in Java and Bali, Indonesia.

Data of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in Indonesian hospitals are scarce. Therefore, the epidemiology of S. aureus among surgery patients in three academic hospitals in Indonesia was studied.

Microfluidic studies of CO2 sequestration by frustrated Lewis pairs.

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) comprising sterically hindered Lewis acids and bases offer the capability to reversibly capture CO2 under mild reaction conditions. The determination of equilibrium constants and thermodynamic properties of these reactions should enable assessment of the efficiency of a particular FLP system for CO2 sequestration and provide insights for design of new, efficient formulations of FLP catalysts for CO2 capture. We have developed a microfluidic approach to studies of FLP-CO2 reactions, which provides their thermodynamic characterization that is not accessible otherwise.

Synthesis, structure and luminescence properties of a cadmium(II)-based coordination polymer with (S)-4,4'-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl as chiral linker.

Solvothermal reaction of cadmium(II) nitrate with (S)-4,4'-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl (H2L) in dimethylformamide (dmf) gave the two-dimensional chiral coordination polymer [{Cd2(L)2(H2O)}·18 dmf]n (1), which is thermally stable up to 400 °C according to DTA/TG analysis. According to single-crystal X-ray analysis, 1 forms layers in the [1[combining macron]01] direction, which are relatively well separated from each other. Compound L exhibits ligand-based bluish luminescence, assigned to the S1→S0 transition of the aromatic units in L.