Annotation-free prediction of microbial dioxygen utilization.

Aerobes require dioxygen (O) to grow; anaerobes do not. However, nearly all microbes-aerobes, anaerobes, and facultative organisms alike-express enzymes whose substrates include O, if only for detoxification. This presents a challenge when trying to assess which organisms are aerobic from genomic data alone.

Development of Cell-Free Transcription-Translation Systems in Three Soil Pseudomonads.

transcription-translation (TX-TL) can enable faster engineering of biological systems. This speed-up can be significant, especially in difficult-to-transform chassis. This work shows the successful development of TX-TL systems using three soil-derived wild-type Pseudomonads known to promote plant growth: , , and .

Engineering the Soil Bacterium 2-79 into a Ratiometric Bioreporter for Phosphorus Limitation.

Microbial bioreporters hold promise for addressing challenges in medical and environmental applications. However, the difficulty in ensuring their stable persistence and function within the target environment remains a challenge. One strategy is to integrate information about the host strain and target environment into the design-build-test cycle of the bioreporter itself.

ASL-MRI-guided evaluation of multiple burr hole revascularization surgery in Moyamoya disease.

Purpose: Moyamoya (MM) disease is characterized by progressive intracranial arterial stenosis. Patients commonly need revascularization surgery to optimize cerebral blood flow (CBF). Estimation of CBF and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) is therefore necessary before and after surgery.

Draft Genome Assembly of sp. Strain S1 and Achromobacter spanius Strain S4, Two Syringol-Metabolizing Bacteria Isolated from Compost Soil.

Two bacterial strains able to use syringol as a sole carbon source were isolated from compost. The isolates, named S1 and S4, were sequenced using the Illumina platform. The final assemblies contained 4.

Chronic cerebral blood flow alterations in traumatic brain injury and sports-related concussions.

Primary Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and sports-related concussion (SRC) may result in chronic functional and neuroanatomical changes. We tested the hypothesis that neuroimaging findings (cerebral blood flow (CBF), cortical thickness, and H-magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (MRS)) were associated to cognitive function, TBI severity, and sex.

Research Design: Eleven controls, 12 athletes symptomatic following ≥3SRCs and 6 patients with moderate-severe TBI underwent MR scanning for evaluation of cortical thickness, brain metabolites (MRS), and CBF using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL).

Refined Analysis of Chronic White Matter Changes after Traumatic Brain Injury and Repeated Sports-Related Concussions: Of Use in Targeted Rehabilitative Approaches?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) or repeated sport-related concussions (rSRC) may lead to long-term memory impairment. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is helpful to reveal global white matter damage but may underestimate focal abnormalities. We investigated the distribution of post-injury regional white matter changes after TBI and rSRC.

Evaluation of Arterial Spin Labeling MRI-Comparison with O-Water PET on an Integrated PET/MR Scanner.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements are of high clinical value and can be acquired non-invasively with no radiation exposure using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL). The aim of this study was to evaluate accordance in resting state CBF between ASL (CBF) and O-water positron emission tomography (PET) (CBF) acquired simultaneously on an integrated 3T PET/MR system. The data comprised ASL and dynamic O-water PET data with arterial blood sampling of eighteen subjects (eight patients with focal epilepsy and ten healthy controls, age 21 to 61 years).

Tau aggregation and increased neuroinflammation in athletes after sports-related concussions and in traumatic brain injury patients - A PET/MR study.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and repeated sports-related concussions (rSRCs) are associated with an increased risk for neurodegeneration. Autopsy findings of selected cohorts of long-term TBI survivors and rSRC athletes reveal increased tau aggregation and a persistent neuroinflammation. To assess in vivo tau aggregation and neuroinflammation in young adult TBI and rSRC cohorts, we evaluated 9 healthy controls (mean age 26 ± 5 years; 4 males, 5 females), 12 symptomatic athletes (26 ± 7 years; 6 males, 6 females) attaining ≥3 previous SRCs, and 6 moderate-to severe TBI patients (27 ± 7 years; 4 males, 2 females) in a combined positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) scanner ≥6 months post-injury.

Development of a National Academic Boot Camp to Improve Fellowship Readiness.

Pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) fellowship requires a high degree of medical knowledge and procedural competency. Gaps in fellowship readiness can result in significant trainee anxiety related to starting fellowship training. To improve fellowship readiness and alleviate anxiety for PCCM-bound trainees by improving confidence in procedural skills and cognitive domains.

Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for production of vanillylamine from lignin-derived substrates.

Whole-cell bioconversion of technical lignins using Pseudomonas putida strains overexpressing amine transaminases (ATAs) has the potential to become an eco-efficient route to produce phenolic amines. Here, a novel cell growth-based screening method to evaluate the in vivo activity of recombinant ATAs towards vanillylamine in P. putida KT2440 was developed.

Quantitative MRI using relaxometry in malignant gliomas detects contrast enhancement in peritumoral oedema.

Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumours with an infiltrative growth pattern, often with contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, it is well known that tumour infiltration extends beyond the visible contrast enhancement. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is contrast enhancement not detected visually in the peritumoral oedema of malignant gliomas by using relaxometry with synthetic MRI.

Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Electrical Cardioversion of Recent Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Anticoagulant-Naïve Patients - A Prospective Study Exploring Clinically Silent Cerebral Lesions.

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a high incidence of cognitive impairment, which may be related to clinically silent microembolism causing cerebral infarctions.

Objective: To explore the occurrence and timing of silent brain lesions following electrical cardioversion (CV) of recent onset AF in anticoagulant-naïve patients and to study related effects on cognitive function and biomarkers of cerebral damage, S100b.

Methods: Patients with AF duration > 48 hours were prospectively included.

Visual rating versus volumetry of regional brain atrophy and longitudinal changes over a 5-year period in an elderly population.

Introduction: The purpose of our study was to compare visual rating and volumetry of brain atrophy in an elderly population over a 5-year period and compare findings with cognitive test results.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and one subjects were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Visual rating and volumetry were performed in all subjects at ages 75 and 80.

Cerebral Perfusion Does Not Increase after Shunt Surgery for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been reported to increase after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The aims of this study were to investigate if CBF, measured using the noninvasive perfusion MRI method arterial spin labeling (ASL), increased after shunt surgery, if postoperative change in CBF correlated with improvement in symptoms, and if baseline CBF data correlated with postoperative outcome.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with iNPH were prospectively included and examined with MRI of the brain and clinical tests of symptoms at baseline.

Diagnostic accuracy of the iNPH Radscale in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background And Purpose: The idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) Radscale was developed to standardize the evaluation of radiological signs in iNPH. The purpose of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the iNPH Radscale in a sample of "true positive" and "true negative" cases.

Methods: Seventy-five patients with definite iNPH, i.

High Intravascular Signal Arterial Transit Time Artifacts Have Negligible Effects on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity Measurement Using Single Postlabel Delay Arterial Spin-Labeling in Patients with Moyamoya Disease.

Background And Purpose: Arterial spin-labeling-derived CBF values may be affected by arterial transit time artefacts. Thus, our aim was to assess to what extent arterial spin-labeling-derived CBF and cerebrovascular reserve capacity values in major vascular regions are overestimated due to the arterial transit time artifacts in patients with Moyamoya disease.

Materials And Methods: Eight patients with Moyamoya disease were included before or after revascularization surgery.

Functional connectivity underlying hedonic response to food in female adolescents with atypical AN: the role of somatosensory and salience networks.

Atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) usually occurs during adolescence. Patients are often in the normal-weight range at diagnosis; however, they often present with signs of medical complications and severe restraint over eating, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem. We investigated functional circuitry underlying the hedonic response in 28 female adolescent patients diagnosed with atypical AN and 33 healthy controls.

Neuroimaging, genetic, clinical, and demographic predictors of treatment response in patients with social anxiety disorder.

Background: Correct prediction of treatment response is a central goal of precision psychiatry. Here, we tested the predictive accuracy of a variety of pre-treatment patient characteristics, including clinical, demographic, molecular genetic, and neuroimaging markers, for treatment response in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD).

Methods: Forty-seven SAD patients (mean±SD age 33.

Standardized acquisition and post-processing of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion in patients with brain tumors, cerebrovascular disease and dementia: comparability of post-processing software.

Objective: MR-perfusion post-processing still lacks standardization. This study evaluates the results of perfusion analysis with two established software solutions in a large series of patients with different diseases when a highly standardized processing workflow is ensured.

Methods: Multicenter data of 260 patients (80 with brain tumors, 124 with cerebrovascular disease and 56 with dementia examined with the same MR protocol) were analyzed.

A study of neural activity and functional connectivity within the olfactory brain network in Parkinson's disease.

Olfactory dysfunction is an early manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to illustrate potential differences between PD patients and healthy controls in terms of neural activity and functional connectivity within the olfactory brain network. Twenty PD patients and twenty healthy controls were examined with olfactory fMRI and resting-state fMRI.

Diagnostic value of alternative techniques to gadolinium-based contrast agents in MR neuroimaging-a comprehensive overview.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase lesion detection and improve disease characterization for many cerebral pathologies investigated with MRI. These agents, introduced in the late 1980s, are in wide use today. However, some non-ionic linear GBCAs have been associated with the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with kidney failure.

Standardized image evaluation in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: consistency and reproducibility.

Purpose: Assess the agreement for two investigators between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for seven imaging features included in the iNPH Radscale, a radiological screening tool.

Methods: The study included 35 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) who were treated surgically from 2011 to 2015 at Uppsala University Hospital with preoperative CT and MRI performed with maximum 3 months between scans. Seven features were assessed: Evans' index, temporal horn size, callosal angle, periventricular white matter changes, narrow high convexity sulci, focally enlarged sulci, and enlarged Sylvian fissures.

Sustained remission in multiple sclerosis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objectives: To determine whether treatment with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can induce sustained complete remission in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material And Methods: Case series of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 10) treated at a single center between 2004 and 2007 and followed up for 10 years. The patients were treated with a BEAM/ATG conditioning regimen (n = 9) or a cyclophosphamide/ATG conditioning regimen (n = 1) followed by infusion of unmanipulated autologous hematopoietic stem cells.