Navigating the Role of Surgery in Optimizing Patient Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs): A Comprehensive Review.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) present with symptoms ranging from a mildly altered level of consciousness to irreversible coma and death. The most severe stage of TBIs is diffuse axonal injury and swelling affecting the whole brain. Management strategies are based on the classification of TBIs by severity and type and range from cognitive therapy sessions to complex surgeries.

Transition Metal (Cu, Pd, and Ag)-Modified NbSC Monolayer for Highly Efficient Catechol Sensing: A First-Principles Investigation.

Motivated by recent advancements and the escalating application of two-dimensional (2D) gas or molecule sensors, this study explores the potential of the 2D NbSC monolayer for detecting biomolecule catechol (), whose excess concentration is highly dangerous to living beings. We use first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the Cc sensing performance of pure and transition metal (TM = Cu, Pd, Ag)-modified NbSC monolayers. The NbSC monolayer belonging to the new class of synthesized 2D materials, TM carbo-chalcogenides (TMCC), combines distinctive properties from both TM dichalcogenides and TM carbides and exhibits physisorption (-0.

Catechol Sensing Performance of Pd-Functionalized Two-Dimensional Polyaramid: A DFT Investigation.

Catechol (Cc) molecule adsorption on a pristine and transition metal (TMs = Sc, Pd, and Cu)-functionalized two-dimensional polyaramid (2DPA) monolayer is systematically studied by the first-principles density functional theory method. The weak physisorption (-0.29 eV) and charge transfer of the Cc molecule with p-2DPA result in a very quick recovery time (150 μs), hindering the Cc sensing capability of p-2DPA.

PGC-1α Agonist Rescues Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Mitigating the Oxidative Stress and Necroptosis.

Cardiomyopathy (particularly dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)) significantly contributes to development and progression of heart failure (HF), and inflammatory factors further deteriorate the symptoms. Morphological and functional defects of the heart in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy (cardiotoxicity) are similar to those of DCM. We used anagonist of PGC-1α (PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma)-γ coactivator-1α) that is considered as the 'master regulator' of mitochondrial biogenesis with an aim to rescue the DOX-induced deleterious effects on the heart.

Influence of vacancy defects on 2D BeNmonolayer for NHadsorption: a density functional theory investigation.

Two-dimensional materials have attracted a great deal of interest in developing nanodevices for gas-sensing applications over the years. The 2D BeNmonolayer, a recently synthesized single-layered Dirac semimetal, has the potential to function as a gas sensor. This study analyzes the NHsensing capacity of the pristine and vacancy-induced BeNmonolayers using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17).

Background: Non-communicable disease (NCD) rates are rapidly increasing in India with wide regional variations. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of metabolic NCDs in India and analyse interstate and inter-regional variations.

Methods: The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, a cross-sectional population-based survey, assessed a representative sample of individuals aged 20 years and older drawn from urban and rural areas of 31 states, union territories, and the National Capital Territory of India.

Metal-decorated γ-graphyne as a drug transporting agent for the mercaptopurine chemotherapy drug: a DFT study.

In recent years, carbon-based two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained popularity as the carriers of various anticancer therapy drugs, which could reduce the crucial side effects by directly applying the drugs to the intended tumor cells. In this study, through first-principles density functional theory simulations, we have investigated the adsorption properties of a famous cancer chemotherapy drug called mercaptopurine (MC) on a 2D γ-graphyne (GYN) monolayer. Analyzing the geometric and electronic properties, we can summarize that the MC interaction with the pristine GYN is weak, with a small adsorption energy of -0.

Short-term safety and efficacy of escalating doses of atorvastatin for dyslipidemia in children with predialysis chronic kidney disease stage 2-5.

Background: Dyslipidemia is a potentially modifiable risk factor in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Information on the safety and efficacy of statins in pediatric CKD is limited.

Methods: Patients with CKD stage 2-5 and aged 5-18 years with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > 130 mg/dL and/or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) > 145 mg/dL were enrolled from September 2019 to February 2021.

Vitamin D status among Kashmiri tribal population: A cross-sectional community-based study.

Background & Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent across all age groups in general population of India but studies among tribal populations are scanty. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VDD in the indigenous tribal population of the Kashmir valley and examine associated risk factors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional investigation, a total of 1732 apparently healthy tribal participants (n=786 males and n=946 females) were sampled from five districts of Kashmir valley by using probability proportional to size method.

Interleukin-33 Induces Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation and Macrophage Necroptosis via Enhancing Oxidative Stress and Secretion of Proatherogenic Factors in Advanced Atherosclerosis.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) acts as an 'alarmin', and its role has been demonstrated in driving immune regulation and inflammation in many human diseases. However, the precise mechanism of action of IL-33 in regulating neutrophil and macrophage functioning is not defined in advanced atherosclerosis (aAT) patients. Further, the role of IL-33 in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in aAT and its consequent effect on macrophage function is not known.

Evaluation of HE4 as a prognostic biomarker in uterine cervical cancer.

Introduction: Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is the fourth most common health problem worldwide among women. Currently available biomarkers CA125, CA199, and CEA for diagnosis or prognostic evaluation of UCC have not got widespread acceptance.

Method: Whole blood samples of 64 patients with UCC were collected along with 63 healthy females and tested for serum levels of HE4 (sHE4).

Role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in assessment of asthma control in children.

Introduction: Data are scarce on hs-CRP as a biomarker for airway inflammation in pediatric asthma. We aimed to examine correlation between hs-CRP and asthma control levels.

Methods: Children with physician-diagnosed asthma, ages 6-15 years, were enrolled.

Recent Developments and Future Perspective on Electrochemical Glucose Sensors Based on 2D Materials.

Diabetes is a health disorder that necessitates constant blood glucose monitoring. The industry is always interested in creating novel glucose sensor devices because of the great demand for low-cost, quick, and precise means of monitoring blood glucose levels. Electrochemical glucose sensors, among others, have been developed and are now frequently used in clinical research.

Catechol sensor based on pristine and transition metal embedded holey graphyne: a first-principles density functional theory study.

To develop a highly sensitive and selective biosensor for detecting noxious biomolecules from the environment, we examined catechol (Cc) adsorption in pristine and transition metal (TM = Sc, Cu, and Pd) embedded 2D holey graphyne (hGY) monolayers using the first-principles density functional theory method. The interaction between Cc and the pristine hGY is purely weak, and hence the response of the sensing device will be difficult to detect. Therefore, the TM doping strategy is adopted to improve the sensitivity.

Pervaporation as a Successful Tool in the Treatment of Industrial Liquid Mixtures.

Pervaporation is one of the most active topics in membrane research, and it has time and again proven to be an essential component for chemical separation. It has been employed in the removal of impurities from raw materials, separation of products and by-products after reaction, and separation of pollutants from water. Given the global problem of water pollution, this approach is efficient in removing hazardous substances from water bodies.

Intraoperative lung protective ventilation in peritonitis patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: A randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Lung protective ventilation (LPV) is recommended in acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, role of intraoperative LPV in elective laparotomy is controversial and it has not been evaluated in emergency laparotomy (EL). The aim of the study was to identify whether use of intraoperative LPV in EL in peritonitis patients reduces postoperative pulmonary complications (POPC).

Detecting sub-clinical disease activity in patients with chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease.

Objective: Valve disease progression in rheumatic heart disease(RHD) is generally attributed to recurrent attacks of acute rheumatic fever(ARF). However, persistence of chronic sub-clinical inflammation remains a plausible but unproven cause. Non-invasive means to identify sub-clinical inflammation may facilitate research efforts towards understanding its contribution to disease progression.

Effect of Structured Yoga Program on Stress and Professional Quality of Life Among Nursing Staff in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Delhi-A Small Scale Phase-II Trial.

Background: Nursing staff suffer from various level of stress and burnout. We aimed to assess the effect of 12 weeks of structured yoga on stress and the professional quality of life among nursing staff.

Design And Method: An open-label, phase-II randomized clinical trial was undertaken considering a sample size of convenience was done.

Role of inflammation in initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation in rheumatic mitral stenosis - An analytical cross-sectional study.

Background: Inflammation has been implicated in the initiation and perpetuation of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is a lack of similar data on AF in rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The objective of this study was to analyze the association of inflammation as measured by serum inflammatory biomarkers with AF in rheumatic mitral stenosis (Rh-MS).

Effect of leukoreduction on transfusion-related immunomodulation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the consequences of different amounts of leukocyte transfusion on the outcome of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Design: This was a prospective, single-blinded cohort study conducted for 1 year from July 2018 to June 2019.

Setting: The study setting was the Department of Transfusion Medicine, along with Cardiac Anaesthesia, Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac biochemistry departments in a tertiary care cardiac centre.