Monocytes generated by interleukin-6-treated human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells secrete calprotectin that inhibits erythropoiesis.

Elevated circulating levels of calprotectin (CAL), the S100A8/A9 heterodimer, are biomarkers of severe systemic inflammation. Here, we investigate the effects of CAL on early human hematopoiesis. CAL demonstrates limited impact on gene expression in stem and progenitor cells, in contrast with interleukin-6 (IL6), which promotes the expression of the and genes in hematopoietic progenitors and the generation of monocytes that release CAL.

Targeting heterochromatin eliminates chronic myelomonocytic leukemia malignant stem cells through reactivation of retroelements and immune pathways.

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a severe myeloid malignancy affecting the elderly, for which therapeutic options are limited. DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) provide transient responses, failing to eradicate the malignant clone. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging involves heterochromatin reorganization, evidenced by alterations in histone marks H3K9me2 and H3K9me3.

CXCL8 secreted by immature granulocytes inhibits WT hematopoiesis in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a severe myeloid malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Single-cell analysis of clonal architecture demonstrates early clonal dominance with few residual WT hematopoietic stem cells. Circulating myeloid cells of the leukemic clone and the cytokines they produce generate a deleterious inflammatory climate.

The evolutionary theory of cancer: challenges and potential solutions.

The clonal evolution model of cancer was developed in the 1950s-1970s and became central to cancer biology in the twenty-first century, largely through studies of cancer genetics. Although it has proven its worth, its structure has been challenged by observations of phenotypic plasticity, non-genetic forms of inheritance, non-genetic determinants of clone fitness and non-tree-like transmission of genes. There is even confusion about the definition of a clone, which we aim to resolve.

Assistive technology in public policies: trends in the international debate and implications for Brazil.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were threefold: to identify the main topics related to the international debate on Assistive Technology (AT) public policies, to analyze the Brazilian case in light of these topics, and to extract lessons that could be applied in Brazil and other countries to advance progress in the field.

Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted through a critical literature review, involving the search for, selection, and analysis of articles indexed in two information source portals and four databases from 2007 to 2023. International and Brazilian laws, reports, and other publications specifically related to AT policies were also included.

Transcriptomic landscape of posterior regeneration in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii.

Background: Restorative regeneration, the capacity to reform a lost body part following amputation or injury, is an important and still poorly understood process in animals. Annelids, or segmented worms, show amazing regenerative capabilities, and as such are a crucial group to investigate. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underpin regeneration in this major group remains a key goal.

Incidence of infections in patients with psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis treated with biological or targeted disease-modifying agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, open-label studies and observational studies.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of infections among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), two distinct phenotypes included in the large group of spondyloarthritis (SpA), treated with tumour necrosis-factor-inhibitors, interleukin-17-inhibitors, Janus kinase-inhibitors, IL-23 or IL-12/23-inhibitors (IL-12/23i), phosphodiesterase 4-inhibitors or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4-Ig.

Methods: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), open-label extension and observational studies was conducted. Serious infections were defined as infections that were life-threatening, required intravenous antibiotics and/or hospitalisation.

Reuniting philosophy and science to advance cancer research.

Cancers rely on multiple, heterogeneous processes at different scales, pertaining to many biomedical fields. Therefore, understanding cancer is necessarily an interdisciplinary task that requires placing specialised experimental and clinical research into a broader conceptual, theoretical, and methodological framework. Without such a framework, oncology will collect piecemeal results, with scant dialogue between the different scientific communities studying cancer.

SRSF2-P95H decreases JAK/STAT signaling in hematopoietic cells and delays myelofibrosis development in mice.

Heterozygous mutation targeting proline 95 in Serine/Arginine-rich Splicing Factor 2 (SRSF2) is associated with V617F mutation in Janus Activated Kinase 2 (JAK2) in some myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), most commonly primary myelofibrosis. To explore the interaction of Srsf2 with Jak2, we generated Cre-inducible knock-in mice expressing these mutants under control of the stem cell leukemia (Scl) gene promoter. In transplantation experiments, Srsf2 unexpectedly delayed myelofibrosis induced by Jak2 and decreased TGFβ1 serum level.

Cancer's second genome: Microbial cancer diagnostics and redefining clonal evolution as a multispecies process: Humans and their tumors are not aseptic, and the multispecies nature of cancer modulates clinical care and clonal evolution: Humans and their tumors are not aseptic, and the multispecies nature of cancer modulates clinical care and clonal evolution.

The presence and role of microbes in human cancers has come full circle in the last century. Tumors are no longer considered aseptic, but implications for cancer biology and oncology remain underappreciated. Opportunities to identify and build translational diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics that exploit cancer's second genome-the metagenome-are manifold, but require careful consideration of microbial experimental idiosyncrasies that are distinct from host-centric methods.

Reprogramming monocyte-derived macrophages through caspase inhibition.

Macrophages are widely distributed innate immune cells that play an indispensable role in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes, including organ development, host defense, acute and chronic inflammation, solid and hematopoietic cancers. Beyond their inextricable role as conveyors of programmed cell death, we have previously highlighted that caspases exert non-apoptotic functions, especially during the differentiation of monocyte-derived cells in response to CSF-1. Here, we found that non-canonic cleavages of caspases, reflecting their activation, are maintained during IL-4-induced monocyte-derived macrophages polarization.

Clonal Architecture and Evolutionary Dynamics in Acute Myeloid Leukemias.

Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) results from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, often in the context of an aging hematopoietic environment. The development of high-throughput sequencing-and more recently, of single-cell technologies-has shed light on the intratumoral diversity of leukemic cells. Taking AML as a model disease, we review the multiple sources of genetic, epigenetic, and functional heterogeneity of leukemic cells and discuss the definition of a leukemic clone extending its definition beyond genetics.

On the origins and conceptual frameworks of natural plasticity-Lessons from single-cell models in C. elegans.

How flexible are cell identities? This problem has fascinated developmental biologists for several centuries and can be traced back to Abraham Trembley's pioneering manipulations of Hydra to test its regeneration abilities in the 1700s. Since the cell theory in the mid-19th century, developmental biology has been dominated by a single framework in which embryonic cells are committed to specific cell fates, progressively and irreversibly acquiring their differentiated identities. This hierarchical, unidirectional and irreversible view of cell identity has been challenged in the past decades through accumulative evidence that many cell types are more plastic than previously thought, even in intact organisms.

To portray clonal evolution in blood cancer, count your stem cells.

Clonal evolution, the process of expansion and diversification of mutated cells, plays an important role in cancer development, resistance, and relapse. Although clonal evolution is most often conceived of as driven by natural selection, recent studies uncovered that neutral evolution shapes clonal evolution in a significant proportion of solid cancers. In hematological malignancies, the interplay between neutral evolution and natural selection is also disputed.

Characterization of optofluidic devices for the sorting of sub-micrometer particles.

In this work, we investigate methods of fabricating a device for the optical actuation of nanoparticles. To create the microfluidic channel, we pursued three fabrication methods: SU-8 to molded polydimethylsiloxane soft lithography, laser etching of glass, and deep reactive ion etching of fused silica. We measured the surface roughness of the etched sidewalls, and the laser power transmission through each device.

Multilayer intraclonal heterogeneity in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

The functional diversity of cells that compose myeloid malignancies, i.e., the respective roles of genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity in this diversity, remains poorly understood.

Beyond the tumour microenvironment.

In contrast to the once dominant tumour-centric view of cancer, increasing attention is now being paid to the tumour microenvironment (TME), generally understood as the elements spatially located in the vicinity of the tumour. Thinking in terms of TME has proven extremely useful, in particular because it has helped identify and comprehend the role of nongenetic and noncell-intrinsic factors in cancer development. Yet some current approaches have led to a TME-centric view, which is no less problematic than the former tumour-centric vision of cancer, insofar as it tends to overlook the role of components located beyond the TME, in the 'tumour organismal environment' (TOE).

Towards a classification of stem cells.

The characteristic properties of stem cells - notably their ability to self-renew and to differentiate - have meant that they have traditionally been viewed as distinct from most other types of cells. However, recent research has blurred the line between stem cells and other cells by showing that the former display a range of behaviors in different tissues and at different stages of development. Here, we use the tools of metaphysics to describe a classification scheme for stem cells, and to highlight what their inherent diversity means for cancer treatment.

The Multiple Layers of the Tumor Environment.

The notion of tumor microenvironment (TME) has been brought to the forefront of recent scientific literature on cancer. However, there is no consensus on how to define and spatially delineate the TME. We propose that the time is ripe to go beyond an all-encompassing list of the components of the TME, and to construct a multilayered view of cancer.

Enhanced recovery after surgery program in Gynaecologic Oncological surgery in a minimally invasive techniques expert center.

Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Programs (ERP) includes multimodal approaches of perioperative patient's clinical pathways designed to achieve early recovery after surgery and a decreased length of hospital stay (LOS).

Methods: This observational study evaluated the implementation of ERP in gynaecologic oncological surgery in a minimally invasive techniques (MIT) expert center with more than 85% of procedures done with MIT. We compared a prospective cohort of 100 patients involved in ERP between December 2015 and June 2016 to a 100 patients control group, without ERP, previously managed in the same center between April 2015 and November 2015.

[The identity of normal and cancer stem cells].

What is a stem cell? Is stemness an intrinsic or extrinsic property? What role does the microenvironment play in the stemness identity? We distinguish four identities for normal and cancerous stem cells and explore their consequences for therapeutic strategy choice in the oncology setting. Acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations during cell transformation and disease progression questions the stability of the stemness property's identity in cancers.

Multimode and Long-Lived Quantum Correlations Between Photons and Spins in a Crystal.

The realization of quantum networks and quantum repeaters remains an outstanding challenge in quantum communication. These rely on the entanglement of remote matter systems, which in turn requires the creation of quantum correlations between a single photon and a matter system. A practical way to establish such correlations is via spontaneous Raman scattering in atomic ensembles, known as the Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) scheme.