Self-driven solutions and resilience adapted by people with drug-resistant tuberculosis and their caregivers in Bengaluru and Hyderabad, India: a qualitative study.

Background: One-fifth of people with drug-resistance tuberculosis (DR-TB) who were initiated on newer shorter treatment regimen (with injection) had unfavourable treatment outcomes in India as on 2020. Evidence on self-driven solutions and resilience adapted by people with DR-TB (PwDR-TB) towards their multi-dimensional disease and treatment challenges are scarce globally, which we aimed to understand.

Methods: In this qualitative study using positive deviance framework, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews among consenting adult PwDR-TB (7 women, 13 men) who completed shorter treatment regimen (including injections) with maximum treatment adherence.

Transcriptional changes during isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis in mice.

β-adrenergic stimulation using β-agonists such as isoproterenol has been routinely used to induce cardiac fibrosis in experimental animal models. Although transcriptome changes in surgical models of cardiac fibrosis such as transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and coronary artery ligation (CAL) are well-studied, transcriptional changes during isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis are not well-explored. Cardiac fibrosis was induced in male C57BL6 mice by administration of isoproterenol for 4, 8, or 11 days at 50 mg/kg/day dose.

Multiple Oligo assisted RNA Pulldown via Hybridization followed by Mass Spectrometry (MORPH-MS) for exploring the RNA-Protein interactions.

Understanding RNA-protein interactions is crucial for deciphering the cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of regulatory RNAs. Consequently, there is a constant need to develop innovative and cost-effective methods to uncover such interactions. We developed a simple and cost-effective technique called Multiple Oligo assisted RNA Pulldown via Hybridization (MORPH) to identify proteins interacting with a specific RNA.

Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates smooth muscle cell differentiation via KLF4-myocardin axis.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are asymptomatic vascular diseases that have life-threatening outcomes. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction plays an important role in AAA development. The contribution of non-coding genome, specifically the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SMC dysfunction, is relatively unexplored.

Full thickness macular hole with subfoveal pigment epithelial detachment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: A therapeutic challenge.

We describe the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies employed in the management of a patient with subfoveal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) combined with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) and discuss the possible pathophysiology of these diseases occurring concurrently. A 38-year-old patient with a history of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) presented with FTMH overlying a large subfoveal serous PED. Multimodal imaging confirmed the same and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections and eplerenone failed to resolve the PED.

Non-Obstetric Traumatic Vulvar Hematoma Managed in a Low-Resource Setting: A Case Report of a Rare Condition.

Most cases of vulvar hematomas are caused by either genital tract injury during childbirth or trauma. Although uncommon, instances of spontaneous vulvar hematomas occurring without trauma or unusual sexual practices have been reported. In this report, we present the case of a 24-year-old woman who experienced an injury after a fall, resulting in a rapidly enlarging vulvar hematoma.

Fabrication of FeVO/RGO Nanocomposite: An Amperometric Probe for Sensitive Detection of Methyl Parathion in Green Beans and Solar Light-Induced Degradation.

Pesticide usage is one of the significant issues in modern agricultural practices; hence, monitoring pesticide content and its degradation is of utmost importance. A novel and simple one-pot deep eutectic solvent-based solvothermal method has been developed for the synthesis of FeVO/reduced graphene oxide (FeV/RGO) nanocomposite. The band gap of FeV decreased upon anchoring with RGO.

Helpful viability of post calving tonic for the treatment of post calving complications in dairy animals.

Objectives: Aimless use of anti-microbials for the treatment of uterine diseases has driven the rise of safe strains. Subsequently, within the current consider, the viability of post calving tonic (PCT) was assessed for the treatment of post calving complications in dairy cattle.

Materials And Methods: The placentas of 10 chosen post-calved dairy animals with a history of postpartum complications primarily held placentas were drenched with PCT 250 ml twice a day for 2 successive days.

Clinical profile, antifungal susceptibility, and molecular characterization of Candida auris isolated from patients in a South Indian surgical ICU.

Background: Candida auris is an emerging multidrug resistant yeast which causes blood stream infection especially among critically ill patients. This yeast can also colonize patients and are isolated from hospital environment causing outbreaks in hospital settings.

Objective: To describe possible outbreak of C.

Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy: One-Year Outcomes of Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Foveal Sparing Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap.

Purpose To evaluate the anatomical and visual outcomes in optic disc pit maculopathy following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap Methods Retrospective interventional case series of 10 patients diagnosed with serous macular detachment secondary to optic disc pit who underwent PPV with inverted ILM flap and were followed up for a year. Results A p-value of less than 0.05 was defined as statistically significant.

MoS-Calix[4]arene Catalyzed Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles As Potent Inhibitors of .

A MoS2-supported-calix[4]arene (MoS2-CA4) nanocatalyst was used for efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives from 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethane-1,2-dione, aldehydes and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions. Reusability of the catalyst up to five cycles without any significant loss in the yields of the product is the unique feature of this heterogeneous solid catalysis. Furthermore, the noteworthy highlights of this method are safe reaction profiles, broad substrate scope, excellent yields, economical, solvent-free, and simple workup conditions.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the epithelial lining of odontogenic cysts: A qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Introduction: The three common odontogenic cysts include radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs). Among these 3 cysts, OKC is recently been classified as benign keratocystic odontogenic tumor attributing to its aggressive behavior, recurrence rate, and malignant potential. The present study involved qualitative and quantitative analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in epithelial lining of RCs, DCs, and OKCs, compare iNOS expression in epithelial linings of all the 3 cysts and determined overexpression of iNOS in OKCs which might contribute to its aggressive behavior and malignant potential.

Cardiac myocyte miR-29 promotes pathological remodeling of the heart by activating Wnt signaling.

Chronic cardiac stress induces pathologic hypertrophy and fibrosis of the myocardium. The microRNA-29 (miR-29) family has been found to prevent excess collagen expression in various organs, particularly through its function in fibroblasts. Here, we show that miR-29 promotes pathologic hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and overall cardiac dysfunction.

A large shRNA library approach identifies lncRNA Ntep as an essential regulator of cell proliferation.

The mammalian cell cycle is a complex and tightly controlled event. Myriads of different control mechanisms are involved in its regulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have emerged as important regulators of many cellular processes including cellular proliferation.

Low Fluence Photodynamic Therapy Versus Graded Subthreshold Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Results From a Prospective Study.

Background And Objective: The authors compare low fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) against graded subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Patients And Methods: Forty-two eyes of 42 patients with chronic CSC were included in this prospective, nonrandomized, interventional trial. All patients were offered PDT as an initial intervention.

Evaluation of Xerostomia in Different Psychological Disorders: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Psychiatric diseases like anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are increasing at an alarming rate. These diseases can affect the quantity and quality of saliva leading to multiple oral diseases. Although many researchers have evaluated xerostomia in general population, its prevalence is not been assessed in patients suffering from different psychological disorders.

Inter- and intra-observer variability in three grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia.

Background And Objectives: Management of oral premalignant lesions depends on clinical assessment and grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), which remains one of the most important predictors of malignant potential. Numerous grading systems for OED exists with varying sets of assessing criteria and are largely considered subjective. The present study attempted to assess the inter- and intra-observer variability in three grading systems: Binary system, WHO (2005) and Ljubljana systems.

Expression of MUC1 mucin in potentially malignant disorders, oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa: An immunohistochemical study.

Background: Mucins alteration in glycosylation is associated with the development and progression of malignant diseases. Therefore, mucins are used as valuable markers to distinguish normal and disease conditions. Many studies on MUC1 expression have been conducted on variety of neoplastic lesions other than head and neck region.

Timely embolectomy in acute massive pulmonary embolism prevents catastrophe: An experience from two cases.

Acute massive pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening emergency that must be promptly diagnosed and managed. Over the last several years, the use of computed tomography scanning has improved the clinician's ability to diagnose acute pulmonary embolism. We report two cases of acute massive pulmonary embolism who presented with sudden onset of dyspnea and underwent successful open pulmonary embolectomy.

Multimodal management of dental pain with focus on alternative medicine: A novel herbal dental gel.

Dental pain is the most common symptom associated with a wide array of dental problems and significantly impacts the oral health-related quality of life. The epidemiology and prevalence of oral diseases that could lead to dental pain are diverse and indicate regional variations. Several researchers have dwelled into the neurobiology and pathophysiology of dental pain making the pain pathways more clear and deciphering the precise targets for the management of pain.

Long noncoding RNA Chast promotes cardiac remodeling.

Recent studies highlighted long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to play an important role in cardiac development. However, understanding of lncRNAs in cardiac diseases is still limited. Global lncRNA expression profiling indicated that several lncRNA transcripts are deregulated during pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice.

Osteopontin is indispensible for AP1-mediated angiotensin II-related miR-21 transcription during cardiac fibrosis.

Aims: Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine critically involved in cardiac fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are unresolved. Non-coding RNAs are powerful regulators of gene expression and thus might mediate this process.

Impairment of Wound Healing in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Influences Circulating MicroRNA Patterns via Inflammatory Cytokines.

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) are stably present in body fluids and are increasingly explored as disease biomarkers. Here, we investigated influence of impaired wound healing on the plasma miRNA signature and their functional importance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Approach And Results: miRNA array profiling identified 41 miRNAs significantly deregulated in diabetic controls when compared with patients with diabetes mellitus-associated peripheral arterial disease and chronic wounds.