On the automated radiosynthesis of pharmaceutical grade [Ga]Ga-Pentixafor, its pre-clinical evaluation, clinical application and radiation dosimetry aspects.

The current study outlines a consistent and reproducible protocol for the routine clinical dose preparation of [Ga]Ga-Pentixafor using the Eckert and Ziegler 'Modular-Lab Standard' non-cassette based automated module, that can be effectively used in the hospital radiopharmacy unit of a high volume nuclear medicine centre. The pre-clinical studies (including in-vitro cell line studies, in-vivo PET/CT imaging and pre-clinical dosimetry) were conducted to show the promising potential of the product for clinical use in targeting CXCR4 tumor overexpression. PET/CT image of SCID mouse bearing lymphoma xenograft tumor, at 2 h post-injection, clearly delineated the tumor.

Association of CXCR1 Gene Polymorphism With Clinical Mastitis and Performance Traits in Murrah Buffalo.

This study revealed the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CXCR1 gene and their association with performance traits and mastitis incidence in Murrah buffalo. The targeted SNP rs211042414 (T > C) at the g.106216468 locus in partial exon 2 of the CXCR1 gene was genotyped using PCR amplification and restriction enzyme digestion by Alu I, Bsa I, Dde I, Ava I, Hind III, EcoRV, Hae III, and Hae II restriction enzymes.

Internal dosimetry and biodistribution of indigenously prepared 177 Lu-DOTA-rituximab in lymphoma and other hematological malignancies treated with rituximab.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodistribution and dosimetry of lutetium-177-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid ( 177 Lu-DOTA)-rituximab in CD20 + non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and other hematological malignancies treated with rituximab.

Methods: The standard dosimetry protocol was used, with cold rituximab infusion, then a diagnostic activity of 177 Lu-DOTA-rituximab. Planar images were acquired at multiple time points.

Impact of temporal variations and risk factors associated with udder inflammation in Hardhenu cattle (Bos taurus × Bos indicus).

This study aimed to explore the occurrence and risk factors associated with clinical mastitis within the Hardhenu cattle herd over a span of 14 years (2008-2021). A comprehensive analysis of 1515 lactation records was conducted to ascertain the incidence of clinical mastitis. The investigation determined an overall incidence rate of 26.

Intricacies in the Preparation of Patient Doses of [Lu]Lu-Rituximab and [Lu]Lu-Trastuzumab Using Low Specific Activity [Lu]LuCl: Methodological Aspects.

The development of humanized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with Lutetium-177 ([Lu]Lu) has brought a paradigm shift in the arena of targeted therapy of various cancers. [Lu]Lu-DOTA-Rituximab and [Lu]Lu-DOTA-Trastuzumab have gained prominence due to their improved therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of lymphoma and breast cancer. The clinical dose formulation of these radiolabeled MAbs, using low specific activity [Lu]LuCl, requires extensive optimization of the radiolabeling protocol.

Estimation of Absorbed Doses of Indigenously Produced "Direct-route" Lutetium-177-[Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE PRRT in Normal Organs and Tumor Lesions in Patients of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Comparison with No-Carrier-Added [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE and the Trend with Multiple Cycles.

Lutetium-177-labeled somatostatin analogue, [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is most commonly used across the world for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The primary objective of this study was to estimate the absorbed doses in organs and tumor lesions in NET patients treated with indigenously produced "direct-route" [Lu]Lu-labeled DOTA-TATE and impact of multiple treatment cycles on absorbed doses, and compare with those treated with no-carrier-added [Lu]Lu-labeled DOTA-TATE. Sixty patients of NET were enrolled in this prospective study.

Evaluation of candidate genotype of immune gene MBL1 associated with udder health and performance traits in dairy cattle and buffalo of India.

An investigation was conducted to identify polymorphism in mannose-binding lectin 1 (MBL1) gene and its effect on udder health and performance traits in dairy cattle and buffalo of India. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.2534G > A of MBL1 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

One decade of 'Bench-to-Bedside' peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with indigenous [Lu]Lu-DOTATATE obtained through 'Direct' neutron activation route: lessons learnt including practice evolution in an Indian setting.

The present treatise chronicles one decade of experience pertaining to clinical PRRT services in a large-volume tertiary cancer care centre in India delivering over 4,000 therapies, an exemplar of successful PRRT programme employing indigenous Lutetium production and resources. For the purpose of systematic discussion, we have sub-divided the communication into 3 specific parts: (a) Radiopharmaceutical aspects that describes Lutetium production through 'Direct' Neutron Activation Route and the subsequent radiolabeling procedures, (b) The specific clinical nuances and finer learning points (apart from the routine standard procedure) based upon clinical experience and how it has undergone practice evolution in our setting and (c) Dosimetry results with this indigenous product and radiation safety/health physics aspects involved in PRRT services. Initiated in 2010 at our centre, the PRRT programme is a perfect example of affordable quality health care delivery, with indigenous production of the radionuclide (Lu) in the reactor and subsequent radiolabeling of the radiopharmaceutical ([Lu]Lu-DOTATATE) at the hospital radiopharmacy unit of the centre, which enabled catering to the needs of a large number of patients of progressive, metastatic and advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) and related malignancies.

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), over the years, has evolved as an important modality in the therapeutic armamentarium of advanced, metastatic or inoperable, progressive Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs). This review deliberates on the basic understanding and applied clinical aspects of PRRT in NENs, with special reference to (1) tumor biology and receptor characteristics, (2) molecular PET-CT imaging (in particular the invaluable role of dual-tracer PET with [Ga]-DOTA-TATE/NOC and [F]-FDG for exploring tumor biology in continuum and individualizing treatment decision making) and NEN theranostics, (3) relevant radiochemistry of different therapeutic radionuclides (both beta emitting Lu-DOTATATE and Y-DOTATATE and alpha emitting Ac-DOTATATE), and (4) related dosimetric considerations. Successful clinical management of the NENs would require multifactorial considerations, and all the aforementioned points pertaining to the disease process and available logistics are key considerations for state-of-the-art clinical practice and delivering personalized care in this group of patients.

Examining Absorbed Doses of Indigenously Developed Lu-PSMA-617 in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients at Baseline and During Course of Peptide Receptor Radioligand Therapy.

The objective of this study was to estimate the absorbed doses to the normal organs and tumor lesions in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with indigenously developed Lu-PSMA-617 that could establish optimal treatment protocol with minimum risk to the dose-limiting organs. Furthermore, attempt was also made to compare radiation absorbed doses for normal organs and tumor lesions in subsequent cycles of Lu-PSMA-617 peptide receptor radioligand therapy (PRLT) in the same group of patients during the course of treatment. A total of 30 patients of proven mCRPC were enrolled for this prospective study.

Examining recombinant human TSH primed ¹³¹I therapy protocol in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma: comparison with the traditional thyroid hormone withdrawal protocol.

Purpose: Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH)-based protocol is a promising recent development in the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). The objectives of this prospective study were: (1) to assess the feasibility and efficacy of the rhTSH primed (131)I therapy protocol in patients with DTC with distant metastatic disease, (2) to perform lesional dosimetry in this group of patients compared to the traditional protocol, (3) to document the practical advantages (patient symptoms and hospital stay) of the rhTSH protocol compared to the traditional thyroid hormone withdrawal protocol, (4) to document and record any adverse effect of this strategy, (5) to compare the renal function parameters, and (6) to compare the serum TSH values achieved in either of the protocols in this group of patients.

Methods: The study included 37 patients with metastatic DTC having lung or skeletal metastases or both.

Synthesis of 2-fluoro-3-phenylthio-1,3-butadiene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3-phenylthio-1,3-butadiene and their reactivities toward various dienophiles.

A general approach for the synthesis of novel 2-fluoro-3-phenylthio-1,3-butadiene (8) and 2-trifluoromethyl-3-phenylthio-1,3-butadiene (9) from monobromoalkene and dibromoalkenes has been developed. Subsequent Diels-Alder reactions of these dienes with symmetrical and unsymmetrical dienophiles in the presence of Lewis acids gave a variety of fluorinated six-membered carbocycles in moderate to high yields.