Association Between Multimorbidity and Depression in Older Adults: Evidence From Six Large Longitudinal Cohorts.

Background: Multimorbidity may increase the risk of depression in older adults, but the global average effect of multimorbidity on depression remains unknown. This research aimed to exclude the regional heterogeneity to quantify the exposure-response association between multimorbidity and depression in older adults worldwide.

Method: We collected 23,947 participants aged 65 years or above from six large prospective cohorts from developed and developing countries, including Mexico, South Korea, Europe, America, China, and England.

Mechanism of miR-503-5p on cardiac hemangioma and clinical validation.

It has been claimed that microRNA 503-5p (miR-503-5p) is the key to the future diagnosis and treatment of cardiac hemangioma (CH), but the relationship between the two has not been fully validated. In this study, we analyzed the effect of miR-503-5p targeting type IA bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR1A) on CH to inform future diagnosis and treatment of CH. First, miR-503-5p and BMPR1A abnormal expression sequences (vectors) were transfected into human hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to observe alterations in cell biological behavior, adhesion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Organoids of Musculoskeletal System for Disease Modeling, Drug Screening, and Regeneration.

Musculoskeletal diseases have emerged as the leading cause of disability worldwide, with their prevalence increasing annually. In light of this escalating health challenge, organoids, an emerging technology in tissue engineering, offer promising solutions for disease modeling, drug screening, regeneration, and repair processes. The successful development of musculoskeletal organoids represents a significant breakthrough, providing a novel platform for studying musculoskeletal diseases and facilitating the discovery of new treatments.

Borax Cross-Linked Acrylamide-Grafted Starch Self-Healing Hydrogels.

The biocompatibility and renewability of starch-based hydrogels have made them popular for applications across various sectors. Their tendency to incur damage after repeated use limits their effectiveness in practical applications. Improving the mechanical properties and self-healing of hydrogels simultaneously remains a challenge.

Association between cognitive decline and depression in middle-aged and older adults: Findings from six large cohorts in different countries.

Background: The relationship between depression and cognition in middle-aged adults is a topic of interest. Whether poor cognitive function exacerbates depression remains controversial. We clarified the association between cognitive decline and depression based on six nationwide cohorts.

Plant PI4P is required for bacteria to translocate type-3 effectors.

Type-3 effectors (T3E) of phytopathogenic Gram-negative bacteria fulfill a virulent role, causing disease, or an avirulent role, inducing immunity, following their translocation into plant cells. This study aimed to validate the hypothesis that bacterial T3E translocation requires lipidic compounds in plant cell membranes. Based on genetic, molecular, and biochemical assays, we determined that phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) associated with plant cell membranes is essential for the translocation of T3E by bacterial pathogens.

Localizing the seizure onset zone and predicting the surgery outcomes in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: A new approach based on the causal network.

Background And Objective: Accurate localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is crucial for surgical treatment in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, clinical identification of SOZ often relies on physician experience and has a certain subjectivity. Therefore, it is emergent to develop quantitative computational tools to assist clinicians in identifying SOZ.

Optimal preservation condition for the extraction of cell-free DNA from bile of patients with biliary tract cancer.

Background: Patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) often have dismal outcomes due to the poor performance of traditional methods for early diagnosis. Recently, bile cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been reported as a potential liquid biopsy material for BTC diagnosis. However, bile is a complex alkaline aqueous medium, and the proper storage conditions for bile remain to be explored.

Effect of left colonic artery preservation on perfusion at the anastomosis in rectal cancer surgery evaluated with intraoperative ultrasound.

Purpose: Intraoperative ultrasound was used to assess the flow velocity in the marginal vessel arch adjacent to the anastomosis, critical for evaluating the anastomotic blood supply. This technique also enabled us to investigate the potential effects of preserving the left colonic artery on the perfusion of the anastomosis.

Methods: This prospective study included 40 rectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic anterior resection between January 2021 and January 2023.

Empowering soft conductive elastomers with self-reinforcement and remarkable resilience phase-locking ions.

Endowing soft and long-range stretchable elastomers with exceptional strength, resilience, and ion-conductivity is crucial for high-performance flexible sensors. However, achieving this entails significant challenges due to intrinsic yet mutually exclusive structural factors. In this work, a series of self-reinforcing ion-conductive elastomers (SRICEs) is thus designed to meet the advanced but challenging requirements.

Assessment of diagnostic value of ultrasound and multi-slice spiral computed tomography in acute appendicitis: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Ultrasound and multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) are frequently used to assist the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA), and the examination results may vary among different demographics. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and CT for AA.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with AA who underwent emergency surgery at our hospital from March 2021 to August 2023, with postoperative pathological results as the gold standard.

RST31 controls salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) by regulating the cytokinin pathway.

Salt stress affects the growth of rice, which reduces grain yield. However, the mechanism of the rice response to salt stress is not fully understood. The rice salt tolerance 31 (rst31) mutant exhibits longer shoots and greater dry weight than wild type (WT) plants under salt stress conditions.

Complex structure and activation mechanism of arginine kinase McsB by McsA.

Protein phosphorylation is a pivotal post-translational modification modulating various cellular processes. In Gram-positive bacteria, the protein arginine kinase McsB, along with its activator McsA, has a key role in labeling misfolded and damaged proteins during stress. However, the activation mechanism of McsB by McsA remains elusive.

Effects of the Amylose/Amylopectin Ratio of Starch on Borax-Crosslinked Hydrogels.

Herein, we simultaneously prepared borax-crosslinked starch-based hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and self-healing ability via a simple one-pot method. The focus of this work is to study the effects of the amylose/amylopectin ratio of starch on the grafting reactions and the performance of the resulting borax-crosslinked hydrogels. An increase in the amylose/ amylopectin ratio increased the gel fraction and grafting ratio but decreased the swelling ratio and pore diameter.

Identification of whole-genome mutations and structural variations of bile cell-free DNA in cholangiocarcinoma.

Bile cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been reported as a promising liquid biopsy tool for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), however, the whole-genome mutation landscape and structural variants (SVs) of bile cfDNA remains unknown. Here we performed whole-genome sequencing on bile cfDNA and analyzed the correlation between mutation characteristics of bile cfDNA and clinical prognosis. TP53 and KRAS were the most frequently mutated genes, and the RTK/RAS, homologous recombination (HR), and HIPPO were top three pathways containing most gene mutations.

Association between depressive duration and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study 2010-2018.

Background: Depression has been found to be associated with cognitive decline, but whether longer depressive durations lead to more severe cognitive declines has not been investigated. We aimed to estimate the association between depressive duration and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Americans based on a large-scale representative population study.

Methods: We included 27,886 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in 2010-2018.

Hsa-miR-181a-2-3p inhibits the oncogenicity of colon cancer by directly targeting STING.

Objective: Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system, which is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression and biological role of miR-181a-2-3p in colon cancer and to investigate the molecular mechanism of its regulatory effect on colon cancer through stimulator of interferon genes (STING).

Methods: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to detect the expression of miR-181a-2-3p in colon cancer cell lines and normal intestinal epithelial cells.

Solamargine acts as an antiviral by interacting to MZF1 and targeting the core promoter of the hepatitis B virus gene.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious threat to global health and can lead to a variety of liver diseases, including acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and so on. At present, there are mainly two kinds of drugs for the treatment of hepatitis B at home and abroad: interferon (IFN) and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NAs). In recent years, natural compounds have been considered an important source for the development of new anti-HBV drugs due to their complex structure, diverse components, high efficiency, and low toxicity.

Rapid Construction of F-Triazolyl-tetrazines through the Click Reaction.

Due to the fast reaction rate, F-labeled tetrazines have been widely applied in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in cancer research and drug discovery. In this work, several functional F-triazolyl-tetrazines were rapidly obtained through an optimized copper-catalyzed alkyene-azide cycloaddition reaction system in >99% radiochemical conversions. Notably, the commonly used F-labeled azides were isolated through cartridges and directly used for cycloadditions, which greatly simplified the labeling procedure.

Hydroboration and hydrosilylation of alkenes catalyzed by an unsymmetrical magnesium methyl complex.

The hydroboration and hydrosilylation of alkenes catalyzed by the unsymmetrical β-diketiminate magnesium methyl complex [(Nacnac)MgMe (THF)] (1) have been reported. When complex 1 was employed as a highly efficient catalyst in the hydroboration of various alkenes with HBpin, only the -Markovnikov hydroboration products were obtained in high yields and with high regioselectivities under mild reaction conditions (60 °C). To our surprise, it showed different regioselectivities in the hydrosilylation of a range of alkenes with PhSiH.