Efficient direct formic acid electrocatalysis enabled by rare earth-doped platinum-tellurium heterostructures.

The lack of high-efficiency platinum (Pt)-based nanomaterials remains a formidable and exigent challenge in achieving high formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) catalysis for direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) technology. Herein, we report 16 Pt-based heterophase nanotrepang with rare earth (RE)-doped face-centered cubic Pt (fcc-Pt) and trigonal Pt-tellurium (t-PtTe) configurations ((RE-Pt)-PtTe HPNT). Yttrium (Y) is identified as the optimal dopant, existing as single sites and clusters on the surface.

Event-based sliding mode control for singularly perturbed systems with switching parameters.

This paper addresses the event-based sliding mode control problem for singularly perturbed systems with switching parameters. Unlike traditional Markovian switching systems, singularly perturbed S-MSSs allow more flexible state transitions, which can be described by a general distribution rather than the exponential distribution assumed in Markovian switching systems. To enhance the performance of such systems, a novel memory-based dynamic event-triggered protocol (DETP) is proposed, incorporating a memory term for the auxiliary offset variable.

Advances in research on the mechanism of tsRNA action in tumours.

tsRNA is a class of non-coding RNAs derived from mature or precursor tRNAs. In recent years, more and more studies have explored the correlation between tsRNAs and tumours. tsRNAs can affect the biological behaviours of tumour cells such as proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis by regulating gene expression, protein translation or post-transcriptional regulation.

Water-Mediated Proton Hopping Mechanisms at the SnO(110)/HO Interface from Ab Initio Deep Potential Molecular Dynamics.

The interfacial proton transfer (PT) reaction on the metal oxide surface is an important step in many chemical processes including photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, dehydrogenation, and hydrogen storage. The investigation of the PT process, in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics, has received considerable attention, but the individual free energy barriers and solvent effects for different PT pathways on rutile oxide are still lacking. Here, by applying a combination of ab initio and deep potential molecular dynamics methods, we have studied interfacial PT mechanisms by selecting the rutile SnO(110)/HO interface as an example of an oxide with the characteristic of frequently interfacial PT processes.

Effects of comprehensive nutrition support on immune function, wound healing, hospital stay, and mental health in gastrointestinal surgery.

Background: Postoperative patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery often encounter challenges such as low immune function, delayed wound healing owing to surgical trauma, and increased nutritional demands during recovery.

Aim: To assess the effect of comprehensive nutritional support program on immune function and wound healing in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods: This retrospective comparative study included 60 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery, randomly assigned to either the experimental group ( = 30) or the control group ( = 30).

Probabilistic-sampling-based asynchronous control for semi-Markov jumping neural networks with reaction-diffusion terms.

This paper investigates the probabilistic-sampling-based asynchronous control problem for semi-Markov reaction-diffusion neural networks (SMRDNNs). Aiming at mitigating the drawback of the well-known fixed-sampling control law, a more general probabilistic-sampling-based control strategy is developed to characterize the randomly sampling period. The system mode is considered to be related to the sojourn-time and undetectable.

Comparations of efficacy and safety of rituximab, calcineurin inhibitors and cyclophosphamide in primary membranous nephropathy: a single-center retrospective analysis.

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX), calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) plus glucocorticoids in the treatment of primary membranous nephropathy (PMN).

Methods: Totally 478 biopsy-proven PMN patients in single center were retrospectively included. After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), 258 patients were included in RTX, CNI or CTX group (86 patients in each group).

Indicator-based tuberculosis infection control assessments with knowledge, attitudes, and practices evaluations among health facilities in China, 2017-2019.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) Building and Strengthening Infection Control Strategies (TB BASICS) aimed to achieve improvements in TB infection prevention and control (IPC) through structured training and mentorship.

Methods: TB BASICS was implemented in six Chinese provinces from 2017-2019. Standardized, facility-based risk assessments tailored to inpatient, laboratory, and outpatient departments were conducted quarterly for 18 months.

Simple and rapid capillarity-assisted ultra-trace detection of thiram on apple surface with a silver nanoparticles/filter paper SERS substrate.

Thiram is a readily synthesized, cost-effective antimicrobial agent widely used to control diseases in fruits and vegetables. Given the potential health hazards associated with thiram residues and advancements in detection methods, it is crucial to develop a rapid and sensitive technique for detecting these residues on fruit surfaces. Here, we prepared the Ag@filter paper (Ag@FP) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate in a controlled manner and innovatively developed a capillarity-assisted SERS (CA-SERS) detection method.

Deciphering the Interfacial Li-Ion Migration Kinetics of Ni-Rich Cathodes in Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Batteries.

Nickel-rich layered oxide with high reversible capacity and high working potentials is a prevailing cathode for high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, compared to the liquid battery system, ASSLBs suffer from poor Li-ion migration kinetics, severe side reactions, and undesired formation of space charge layers, which result in restricted capacity release and limited rate capability. In this work, we reveal that the capacity loss lies in the H2-H3 phase transition period, and we propose that the inconsistent interfacial Li-ion migration is the arch-criminal.

Activated carbon and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate as electron shuttles for enhancing carbon and nitrogen removal from simultaneous methanogenesis, Feammox and denitrification system.

Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) and activated carbon (AC) were employed as exogenous electron shuttles (ESs) for enhancing the performance of an integrated simultaneous methanogenesis, Feammox, and denitrification (SMFD) system treating fish sludge. The addition of AQDS and AC led to an increased total nitrogen removal efficiency by 30.2 % and 66.

New quantified climate reconstruction in southern China suggests a potential influence of winter cloud cover across East Asia during the Holocene.

Previous studies have advanced our understanding of paleoclimate features and dynamics in East Asia, particularly within the East Asian monsoon domain (EAMD) since the last glacial period. However, a lack of quantitative reconstructions in the boundary area between tropical and subtropical zones has largely hindered our spatial comprehension of the relationship between precipitation and temperature throughout the EAMD. In this study, we present a continuous pollen record from the Pearl River delta over the past 13.

Roles of copper(I) in water-promoted CO electrolysis to multi-carbon compounds.

The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is promising for practical applications of the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) to multi-carbon (C) compounds. Water management is crucial in the MEA electrolyser without catholyte, but few studies have clarified whether the co-feeding water in cathode can enhance C formation. Here, we report our discovery of pivotal roles of a suitable nanocomposite electrocatalyst with abundant CuO-Cu interfaces in accomplishing water-promoting effect on C formation, achieving a current density of 1.

Deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying morphology transition in two-component DNA-protein cophase separation.

Nucleic acid and protein co-condensates exhibit diverse morphologies crucial for fundamental cellular processes. Despite many previous studies that advanced our understanding of this topic, several interesting biophysical questions regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms remain. We investigated DNA and human transcription factor p53 co-condensates-a scenario where neither dsDNA nor the protein demonstrates phase-separation behavior individually.

Hydrothermal-mediated in-situ nitrogen doping to prepare biochar for enhancing oxygen reduction reactions in microbial fuel cells.

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials are deemed promising cathode catalysts for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The challenge lies in reducing costs and enhancing the proportion of electrocatalytically active nitrogenous functional groups. This study proposes a hydrothermal-mediated in-situ doping method to produce nitrogen-doped biochar from aquatic plants.

Unlocking Topological Effects in Covalent Organic Frameworks for High-Performance Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a compelling platform for the efficient photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO). Constructed with diverse topologies from various molecular building units, COFs can exhibit unique photocatalytic properties. In this study, three π-conjugated 2D sp carbon-linked COFs with distinctly different topologies (hcb, sql, and hxl) are designed to investigate the topological effect on the overall photosynthesis of HO from water and oxygen.

Perioperative body composition changes and their clinical implications in patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate perioperative body composition changes and their clinical implications in patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.

Methods: Patient data are prospectively collected. Computed tomography scans were conducted within 30 days preoperatively and on the seventh postoperative day to assess skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), skeletal muscle density (SMD), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).

Neural Network-Based Sliding Mode Control for Semi-Markov Jumping Systems With Singular Perturbation.

The primary focus of this article centers around the application of sliding mode control (SMC) to semi-Markov jumping systems, incorporating a dynamic event-triggered protocol (ETP) and singular perturbation. The underlying semi-Markov singularly perturbed systems (SMSPSs) exhibit mode switching behavior governed by a semi-Markov process, wherein the variation of this process is regulated by a deterministic switching signal. To simultaneously reduce the triggering rate and uphold the system performance, a novel parameter-based dynamic ETP is established.

A nonvolatile magnon field effect transistor at room temperature.

Information industry is one of the major drivers of the world economy. Its rapid growth, however, leads to severe heat problem which strongly hinders further development. This calls for a non-charge-based technology.

Entropy in catalyst dynamics under confinement.

Entropy during the dynamic structural evolution of catalysts has a non-trivial influence on chemical reactions. Confinement significantly affects the catalyst dynamics and thus impacts the reactivity. However, a full understanding has not been clearly established.

Recombinant Plasminogen Activator of the Sandworm () Expression in .

As an essential thrombolytic agent, the tissue plasminogen activator receives increasing attention due to its longer half-life, lower immunogenicity, and easier administration, which are superior to other thrombolytic agents. In this study, the isolated and purified plasminogen activator from the sandworm () was expressed in . () to investigate its potential for simplifying the development process.

The role and mechanism of vascular wall cell ion channels in vascular fibrosis remodeling.

Fibrosis is usually the final pathological state of many chronic inflammatory diseases and may lead to organ malfunction. Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules is a characteristic of most fibrotic tissues. The blood vessel wall contains three layers of membrane structure, including the intima, which is composed of endothelial cells; the media, which is composed of smooth muscle cells; and the adventitia, which is formed by the interaction of connective tissue and fibroblasts.