Bystander intervention is associated with reduced early mortality among injury victims in Cameroon.

Despite high injury mortality rates, Cameroon currently lacks a formal prehospital care system. In other sub-Saharan African low and middle-income countries, Lay First Responder (LFR) programs have trained non-medical professionals with high work-related exposure to injury in principles of basic trauma care. To develop a context-appropriate LFR program in Cameroon, we used trauma registry data to understand current layperson bystander involvement in prehospital care and explore associations between current non-formally trained bystander-provided prehospital care and clinical outcomes.

More isn't always better: antibiotic duration after surgical decortication in pleural empyema.

Background: While ample high-level evidence supports the limited use of antibiotics post-source control in intraabdominal infections, there is a paucity of available data in guiding antibiotic duration for intrathoracic infections. This study aims to analyze patient outcomes among those who have undergone surgical decortication for parapneumonic pleural empyema, comparing cases managed with infectious disease (ID) specialists against those without, and to identify predictive factors influencing antibiotic duration post-source control. We hypothesized that antibiotic duration would vary depending on the involvement of ID specialists.

Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and implementation of VitExpress, an open interactive transcriptomic platform for grapevine.

Haplotype-resolved genome assemblies were produced for Chasselas and Ugni Blanc, two heterozygous cultivars by combining high-fidelity long-read sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). The telomere-to-telomere full coverage of the chromosomes allowed us to assemble separately the two haplo-genomes of both cultivars and revealed structural variations between the two haplotypes of a given cultivar. The deletions/insertions, inversions, translocations, and duplications provide insight into the evolutionary history and parental relationship among grape varieties.

Sublobar Resection of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Wedge Resection vs. Segmentectomy.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death. The mainstay treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in the early stages, is surgical resection. Traditionally, lobectomy has been considered the gold-standard technique.

Exposure of wetlands important for nonbreeding waterbirds to sea-level rise in the Mediterranean.

Sea-level rise (SLR) is expected to cause major changes to coastal wetlands, which are among the world's most vulnerable ecosystems and are critical for nonbreeding waterbirds. Because strategies for adaptation to SLR, such as nature-based solutions and designation of protected areas, can locally reduce the negative effects of coastal flooding under SLR on coastal wetlands, it is crucial to prioritize adaptation efforts, especially for wetlands of international importance for biodiversity. We assessed the exposure of coastal wetlands important for nonbreeding waterbirds to projected SLR along the Mediterranean coasts of 8 countries by modeling future coastal flooding under 7 scenarios of SLR by 2100 (from 44- to 161-cm rise) with a static inundation approach.

[Preservation of residual kidney function in chronic haemodialysis].

Residual kidney function (RKF) is defined as the production of a clinically significant amount of urine in dialysis patients. Observational studies suggest that those with preserved RKF have a better prognosis than anuric patients. Preserved RKF allows the prescription of a lower dialysis dose compared to the traditional thrice weekly schedule.

Two-step access to bis--perfluoroalkyl-corroles towards -perfluoroacyl-ABC-corroles.

A solventless and acid-catalyzed condensation of -perfluoroalkyl-dipyrromethanes with selected benzaldehydes was used to prepare ten different bilanes that were isolated before their oxidation into -AB-corroles bearing two -perfluoroalkyl groups. Macrocycles bearing long chains (CF or CF) are key precursors to afford ABC-corroles having a -acyl substituent when subjected to a mild and basic hydrolysis affecting one of the alkyl substituents.

Is ecology different when studied with citizen scientists? A bibliometric analysis.

Ecology is broad and relies on several complementary approaches to study the mechanisms driving the distribution and abundance of organisms and their interactions. One of them is citizen science (CitSci), the co-production of scientific data and knowledge by nonprofessional scientists, in collaboration with, or under the direction of, professional scientists. CitSci has bloomed in the scientific literature over the last decade and its popularity continues to increase, but its qualitative contribution to the development of academic knowledge remains understudied.

Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in a Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: A significant proportion of cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) patients require long-term ventilation, necessitating tracheostomy placement. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term postoperative outcomes and complications associated with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) in CSICU patients.

Methods: All patients undergoing PDT after cardiac, thoracic, or vascular operations in the CSICU between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2021 were identified.

Prediction of in-hospital bleeding in acutely ill medical patients: External validation of the IMPROVE bleeding risk score.

Introduction: Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis slightly increases bleeding risk. The only risk assessment model to predict bleeding in medical inpatients, the IMPROVE bleeding risk score, has never been validated using prospectively collected outcome data.

Methods: We validated the IMPROVE bleeding risk score in a prospective multicenter cohort of medical inpatients.

Disparification and extinction trade-offs shaped the evolution of Permian to Jurassic Odonata.

Owing to their prevalence in nowadays terrestrial ecosystems, insects are a relevant group to assess the impact of mass extinctions on emerged land. However, limitations of the insect fossil record make it difficult to assess the impact of such events based on taxonomic diversity alone. Therefore, we documented trends in morphological diversity, i.

Chest neck anastomotic leak post esophagectomy for malignancy: rate, predictors, and outcomes.

Background: Anastomotic leak is a major contributor to comorbidity and mortality following esophagectomy. We sought to assess rate and predictors of leak after esophagectomy and compare outcomes of chest versus neck anastomotic leaks.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed utilizing National-Surgical-Quality-Improvement-Program data from 2016-2019 for patients undergoing esophagectomy for malignancy.

The spread of COVID-19 in London: Network effects and optimal lockdowns.

We generalise a stochastic version of the workhorse SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Removed) epidemiological model to account for spatial dynamics generated by network interactions. Using the London metropolitan area as a salient case study, we show that commuter network externalities account for about 42% of the propagation of COVID-19. We find that the UK lockdown measure reduced total propagation by 44%, with more than one third of the effect coming from the reduction in network externalities.

Ascending aorta cannulation for isolated liver procurement in extended criteria donors: a safe option in case of massive infrarenal aortic atherosclerosis.

The chronic organ shortage and the increased number of patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation have led to a progressive increase in the use of extended criteria donors. Nowadays more and more overweight donors with several comorbidities are selected for donation providing acceptable patient and liver graft survival. These donors have often aortic atherosclerosis which can spare the hepatic artery making suitable the liver for procurement.

Upper Transversal Hepatectomy with Two Hepatic Veins Reconstruction: Combining Parenchymal-Sparing Liver Surgery with Transplantation Techniques for Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background: Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) involving two or three main hepatic veins pose a surgical challenge. For these lesions, compelled surgical strategies have usually included major and/or extended liver resections according to the two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) strategy. More recently, a one-stage transversal hepatectomy resecting the posterosuperior liver segment (7,8,4 superior) along with one or more hepatic veins has been described, such as showed herein in a didactical video.

Mindfulness training for community-based psychotherapists: a feasibility study.

Background: While mindfulness training's feasibility has been assessed in many health care settings, the feasibility of teaching mindfulness to psychotherapists of various orientations for both self- and patient-care has not been explored. The objectives of this feasibility assessment were to determine the degree to which clinic psychotherapists were willing to complete a skills-based mindfulness training program; evaluate the acceptability of integrating mindfulness interventions into an urban community mental health clinic; examine the training's influence on both personal mindfulness practice and integration into patient care; and explore the impact of a support group following the training.

Methods: Data on six aspects of feasibility were gathered through quantitative surveys, semi-structured qualitative interviews, and group observation and feedback, analyzed using grounded theory.

Specialized pro-resolving mediators as modulators of immune responses.

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous small molecules produced mainly from dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by both structural cells and cells of the active and innate immune systems. Specialized pro-resolving mediators have been shown to both limit acute inflammation and promote resolution and return to homeostasis following infection or injury. There is growing evidence that chronic immune disorders are characterized by deficiencies in resolution and SPMs have significant potential as novel therapeutics to prevent and treat chronic inflammation and immune system disorders.

Utilization of Supplemental Regional Anesthesia in Lobectomy for Lung Cancer in the United States: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Pulmonary lobectomy is the standard of care for the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. This study investigated the rate of utilization of supplemental anesthesia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or open lobectomy using a national database and assessed the effect of regional block (RB) on postoperative outcomes.

Methods: Patients who underwent lobectomy for lung cancer between 2014-2019 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

Comparison of supine and upright face-to-face cadaver intubation.

Introduction: Optimal patient positioning during intubation improves laryngeal view and first pass success, as well as reducing incidence of hypoxia. In certain pre-hospital situations, it may be impractical or impossible for the operator to stand behind the patient.

Objective: We compared intubation in the supine and upright face-to-face positions, with regards to time to intubate and the view of the vocal cords obtained.

Donation after cardiac death in heart transplantation: is there an ethical dilemma?

Purpose Of Review: In an attempt to address the organ shortages in heart transplantation, USA centres have begun utilizing donation after cardiac death (DCD) as an alternative to traditional donation after brain death (DBD). As this paradigm continues to expand, there is a need to address the medico-legal and ethical aspects of DCD donation, which is the focus of the current review.

Recent Findings: Current protocols use criteria established by the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), which is explicit in defining the irreversibility of circulation and brain function in determining death.