Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-35 genes and atopic dermatitis.

Introduction: The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves complex interactions between environmental factors, the skin microbiome, epidermal barrier defects, and altered immune responses that develop on a not fully understood specific genetic background.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-35 genes ( and ) towards AD susceptibility and clinical characteristics of AD in the Polish population. Two SNPs (rs568408, rs582054) in and one SNP (rs428253) in were selected.

Potential Role of IL-37 in Atopic Dermatitis.

Interleukin 37 (IL-37) is a recently discovered member of the IL-1 cytokine family that appears to have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in various diseases. IL-37 acts as a dual-function cytokine, exerting its effect extracellularly by forming a complex with the receptors IL-18 α (IL-18Rα) and IL-1R8 and transmitting anti-inflammatory signals, as well as intracellularly by interacting with Smad3, entering the nucleus, and inhibiting the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Consequently, IL-37 is linked to IL-18, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), consistent with our studies.

The Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the COL3A1, COL6A5, and COL8A1 Genes with Atopic Dermatitis.

The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood. Genes encoding collagens, the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM), may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of AD. Our study aimed to estimate the associations between /rs1800255, /29rs12488457, and /rs13081855 polymorphisms and the occurrence, course, and features of AD in the Polish population.

Assessment of the Potential Role of Selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Genes Related to the Functioning of Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis.

Recent studies have indicated a key role of the impaired suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in psoriasis (PsO) pathogenesis. However, the genetic background of Treg dysfunctions remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PsO development with selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes in which protein products play a significant role in the regulation of differentiation and function of Tregs.

Current Insight into the Role of IL-35 and Its Potential Involvement in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis.

Interleukin 35 (IL-35), a new member of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, could induce two different types of regulatory cells including regulatory T and B cells such as IL-35-induced regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (IL-10+Bregs), and IL-35-producing regulatory B cells (IL-35+Bregs). These cells appear to play an important role in modulating the immune system in numerous diseases. Several findings suggested that the expression of IL-35 is dysregulated in many autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases.

Serum levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-33 gene in atopic dermatitis.

Introduction: Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is considered significant in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Aim: To determine the correlation between the serum levels of IL-33 and single nucleotide polymorphisms of its gene in the -9894 T/C (rs1929992) and -11877 C/T (rs10975519) loci and the course of AD.

Material And Methods: The study group consisted of 191 patients with AD and 168 controls.

Chemokine Profile in Psoriasis Patients in Correlation with Disease Severity and Pruritus.

Psoriasis (PsO) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disease associated in most cases with pruritus. Chemokines seem to play a significant role in PsO pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to analyse serum concentrations of CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL5/RANTES, CCL17/TARC, CCL18/PARC, CCL22/MDC and CXCL8/IL-8, and their correlation with PsO severity and pruritus intensity.

Interleukin-17 Genes Polymorphisms are Significantly Associated with Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma Susceptibility.

Tumour microenvironment has an important effect on the progression of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Using PCR with sequence-specific primers, this study analysed single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin-17 genes of 150 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. GG homozygote rs8193036 A/G of interleukin-17A gene occurred less commonly in the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma group; however, patients with this single-nucleotide polymorphism experience significantly intense pruritus.

Interleukin-31 is overexpressed in skin and serum in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas but does not correlate to pruritus.

Introduction: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are malignant lymphoproliferative disorders accompanied by persistent pruritus. Pruritogenic role of interleukin-31 (IL-31) has been studied extensively and was proven in atopic dermatitis (AD), while its role in CTCL is still rather vague.

Aim: To investigate IL-31 serum level along with IL-31, IL-31 receptor α (IL-31RA) and oncostatin M receptor β (OSMR) skin expression in CTCL and compare it to controls: AD and healthy volunteers.

Combination of FLG mutations and SNP of TSLP (rs1898671) influence on atopic dermatitis occurrence.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, relapsing and heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease. Its main causes are genetic predispositions, the epidermal barrier defect, and immune system dysfunction. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is highly expressed in the epidermis of AD patients and its production is triggered by exposure to environmental factors, allergens, microorganisms and irritants.

Combination of FLG mutations and SNPs of IL-17A and IL-19 influence on atopic dermatitis occurrence.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease. A fresh look on the AD pathophysiology has focused on the skin barrier defect and immune dysfunctions. IL-17A and IL-19 seem to play role in AD pathogenesis.

Significance of interleukin-31 (IL-31) gene polymorphisms and IL-31 serum level in psoriasis in correlation with pruritus.

Introduction: Interleukin-31 (IL-31) impact on the development and clinical presentation of psoriasis as well as pruritus has not been widely investigated so far.

Aim: To analyse IL-31 -1066G/A and -2057G/A promoter gene polymorphisms as well as serum IL-31 level and their correlation with severity of psoriasis and pruritus in the population of northern Poland.

Material And Methods: The study included 300 psoriasis patients and 186 healthy volunteers.

The polymorphisms of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway may contribute to cutaneous T-cell lymphomas susceptibility.

IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway has been suggested to play a role in CTCL pathogenesis. Polymorphisms in STAT3 signaling pathway-related genes might be a risk factor for CTCL. However, the exact role of inherited gene polymorphisms of IL-6 and STAT3 in the pathogenesis of CTCL is still not fully understood.

Interleukin-33 polymorphisms and serum concentrations in mycosis fungoides.

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) skin lesions are characterized by low-grade inflammation, which may be sustained by proinflammatory cytokines as probably interleukin-33 (IL-33). We compared serum concentrations of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 and the frequency of selected IL-33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between patients with MF and healthy controls.

Methods: In 88 patients with MF and 66 healthy controls, we analyzed SNPs in the 9894 and 11877 loci of the IL-33 gene.

STAT3 polymorphisms and IL-6 polymorphism are associated with the risk of basal cell carcinoma in patients from northern Poland.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) environment consists of stromal and inflammatory cells which produce variety of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that may affect tumor behavior. One of the cytokines suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of BCC is IL-6, which is the upstream element of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. The correlation between polymorphisms of the genes related to this pathway and cancer risk/prognosis have been previously investigated in several neoplasia, but available data concerning BCC are scarce.

New Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis-New Therapeutic Targets.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent, chronic, and inflammatory skin disease, which processes with severe itchiness. It often coexists with different atopic diseases. The number of people suffering from AD is relatively high.

Presence of DNA in blood cells is a frequent event in patients with the late stage of primary cutaneous lymphomas and with atopic dermatitis.

Introduction: Microbial infection and associated super antigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and many patients die from complicating bacterial infections. It has been postulated that () infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of (MF) but published data are limited and controversial.

Aim: To analyze the frequency of () DNA presence in blood samples of lymphoma cases.

The Possible Role of Gene Variant Coding Nonfunctional Toll-Like Receptor 2 in the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis.

Background: Data on the genetic predisposition to mastocytosis are scarce. The aim of this work was to study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, and TLR-9 genes in Polish patients with mastocytosis.

Objectives: The study comprised 137 patients with mastocytosis (102 cutaneous [60 children and 42 adults] and 35 systemic cases); 171 disease-free individuals were used as controls.

Altered Expression of Genes Encoding Cornulin and Repetin in Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: It is assumed that beside alterations in the filaggrin gene (FLG), disturbances within genes encoding other cornified envelope proteins are also involved in atopic dermatitis (AD). To identify new potential markers of AD, we studied the polymorphisms of genes encoding repetin (RPTN), cornulin (CRNN), and their expression in the skin of AD patients.

Methods: Polymorphisms in CRNN (rs941934), RPTN (rs284544, rs28441202, rs3001978, and rs12117644), and FLG mutations (R2447X, S3247X) were analyzed by TaqMan genotyping assay and by PCR-RFLP in the blood samples of 159 AD patients and 108 healthy subjects.

The role of polymorphism of , -, and α genes in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis.

Introduction: As the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) is not fully understood, inherited gene polymorphisms are considered to play a role in the development of lymphomas.

Aim: To investigate whether certain gene polymorphisms might be involved in the development of CTCL.

Material And Methods: In the case-control study we compared the frequency of nine selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of seven genes (α and and α) in 43 CTCL and Polish cases using the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction method.

Expression of Cornified Envelope Proteins in Skin and Its Relationship with Atopic Dermatitis Phenotype.

Changes in the expression of cornified envelope (CE) proteins are thought to affect the development and course of atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this study was to examine the expression level of CE proteins in order to identify new molecular markers of the AD phenotype. Expression levels of CE proteins were evaluated in the skin of patients with AD (38 biopsies) and healthy subjects (26 biopsies).

Interleukin-31 Polymorphisms and Serum IL-31 Level in Patients with Mastocytosis: Correlation with Clinical Presen-tation and Pruritus.

Data on interleukin-31 (IL-31) involvement in the patho-genesis of mastocytosis, and its impact on pruritus development in the disease, are limited. The aim of this study was to analyse distinct IL-31 gene polymorphisms in 127 patients (age 0.5-76 years) with mastocytosis and their correlation with clinical presentation, pruritus and serum IL-31 levels.

Coexistence of 2282del4 FLG gene mutation and IL-18 -137G/C gene polymorphism enhances the risk of atopic dermatitis.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis appears in the context of the correlation between cornified envelope proteins and immunological factors.

Aim: To estimate the association between FLG R501X and 2282del4 gene mutations, -137 G/C IL-18 and -1112 C/T IL-13 gene polymorphisms and their influence on AD course and the risk in the Polish population.

Material And Methods: One hundred and fifty-two AD patients and 123 healthy volunteers were included into the study.

Clinical significance of IL-2 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms and serum levels in patients with basal-cell carcinoma.

Materials & Methods: Polymorphic variants of IL-2 gene (-330 T/G and +166 G/T), IL-10 gene (-1082 G/A and -819 C/T) and serum cytokines concentrations in the group of 179 patients with BCC and 173 controls were analyzed.

Results: The presence of the IL-2 -330 GG genotype or IL-10 -1082 GA increased the risk of BCC (OR 3.68) (OR 3.